Test 1 Flashcards
Do relatives who take in children into foster care get training or financial support?
no
For _____, lack of nurturing and communication or an environmental trauma affects cognitive and communication skills and alters attachment relationships.
infants
Young children placed in foster care because of prenatal neglect can experience profound and long-lasting consequences on all aspects of their development to include
poor attachment under stimulation developmental delay poor physical development antisocial behavior
placements into foster care are usually around the ages of
3-6- limited capacity for understanding the constraints of the time and place - emotional disturbance as a response to stress
If separation from biological parents before ____year is followed by quality, trauma-informed care, placement in foster care may not have a delirious effect on social and emotional trauma
1 year
Trauma, abuse, neglect, multiple foster care placement affect
brain development
Mental health concerns that can lead to later problems such as
difficulty forming an adult relationship
What is the percentage of kids in the foster care system that graduate high school?
48%
Adolescent girls in foster care are 3 xs more likely to
become pregnant
_____ _____ is more prevalent in families of US enlisted soldiers during combat deployment than in non-deployed soldiers
Child maltreatment
How do you take a head circumference?
The measuring tape placed around the head at its greatest circ from the occipital protuberance above the base of the skull to the mid forehead
What head circumference measurements need to be evaluated
<5% and >95% for age
Microcephaly may be indicative of
Small for gestational age (SGA)
Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR)
Premature closure of the cranial sutures
Macrocephaly may indicate
Increased intracranial pressure
Up to what age should you be doing head circumference checks
2 years old
How do you take a chest circumference
Measure at the nipple line
By what age should your head and chest circum be around equal
1 year until 2 when the chest circumference should be greater than the head circumference
Is the chest circumference normally measured?
not routinely measured unless infant has abnormal growth
What is the most stable measurement of growth and maturation in childhood?
Height
A childs height at about what age is approximately half of the adult height
2 years old
When is 95% of growth achieved for boys and girls
Girls by menarche
Boys by 15
short stature may indicate what
chronic conditions such as cardiac renal fetal alcohol syndrome methadone exposure metabolic abnormalities growth hormone deficiency chromosomal
Infants loose up to ___% of their weight their first week of life
10 - which they normally regain their second week
Poor weight gain is indicative of
failure to thrive
What can cause failure to thrive
poor feeding patterns malnutrition neglect cardiac/renal disease infection genetic abnormalities
Weight is taken lying down until how old?
2 years old
Increased BMI in childhood is associated with
metabolic and cardiovascular disease in adulthood
as well as T2DM
Birth weight should double in
4-6 months
From 6-12 years of age describe their growth
occurs in spurts lasting about 8 weeks, occuring 3-6 times per year
Underweight BMI
<5th percentile
Normal weight BMI
6-84th percentile
Overweight BMI
85-94th percentile
Obese BMI
> =95th percentile
BMI calculation
weight in kg/height in meters sq
How do you convert inches to meters
multiply by .0254
normal healthy weight for a newborn is
5lbs 8oz to 8lbs 13 oz
term infants range from
45cm - 55cm (18-22 in)
Height usually increases by how many inches per month over the first few months of life
1 inch (2.54 cm)
Term infants generally increase in height by ___% in the first year
50%
Amount of motor activity and proportion of active to inactive periods
activity
amount of emotional energy released with responses
Intensity
Amount of sensory stimuli required to produce a response
Sensitivity
Nature of initial response to new stimuli
Approach/withdrawl
Ease of accepting new situation after initial response
Adaptability
Length of time activity is pursued
Frustration tolerance
Amount of pleasant versus unpleasant behavior child exhibits
mood
Effectiveness of extraneous stimuli in altering direction of ongoing behavior
Distractibiity
Predictability of physiological functions such as hunger, sleep, elimination
Regularity
The inborn tendency to react to ones environment in certain wais
Temperament
promotes healthy development through
adaptation to the infant’s personality and has influence on a child’s
emotional well-being and behavior
Goodness of fit
Characteristics of frustration tolerance and intensity may be
suggestive of emotional dysregulation and may indicate
may indicate an
underlying dysfunction in affective processes which increase the
risk for mood disorders later in life.
The extended family, family supports, and resources,
community-based systems: consider housing, school, childcare, parental
work and income, health care access, church and religious community,
safety of community, immigration status, and impact on child well-being.
Mezzo level
The child, parent or parents, partner, caregiver, other adults or
children in the household: consider intersecting characteristics and
temperament of the individuals in the family unit, style of parenting,
relationship between parents, and impact of family dynamics on
physical,developmental, behavioral, and emotional health of the child.
Micro level
What is SCREEN used for?
The screen for Family
History Collection
SC- some concerns: “ Do you have any ( some) concerns about
disease or conditions that run in the family?
R- Reproduction: “ Have there been any problems with pregnancy,
infertility, or birth defects in your family?”
E- Early disease, death, or disability: “ Have any members of your
family died or become sick at an early age?”
E-Ethnicity: “ How would you describe your ethnicity?” or “ Where
were your parents born?”
N- Nongenetic: “ Are there any other risk factors or nonmedical
conditions that run in your family?”
What is SCOFF used for?
Screening Tool for
Eating Disorders
S- Do you make yourself Sick (vomit) because you feel
uncomfortably full?
C- Do you worry you have lost Control over how much you eat?
O- Have you recently lost more than One stone ( 14 pounds) in a
3-month period?
F- Do you believe yourself to be Fat when others say you are thin?
F- Would you say that Food dominates your life?
What is SHADES used for?
– psychosocial history, offers the
advantages of a strength-based approach and a more holistic exploration
of the adolescent’s emotional state – order of questioning proceeds from
less private to more sensitive to allow provider and adolescent to
establish rapport; questions asked in a neutral and nonjudgemental
manner
S – Strengths: personal characteristics that help youth cope and succeed
S – School: connection to or disconnection from school; if no specific
plans, end of high school can be difficult, vulnerable time.
H – Home: family structure and living arrangement, supports, and any
problems at home; Immigrant teens may live with adult siblings/extended
family while parents live in home country.
A – Activities: sports, school activities ( school connection), hobbies,
church involvement, youth groups, jobs, and hours per week for each.
Responses reflect a measure of connection to school, extra motivation for
attendance/grades
D – Drugs/alcohol/tobacco: introduce the subject gently, especially with
young teens; can be more direct with older teens; does anyone at your
school…? Do any of your friends…? Then have you…? If yes use
CRAFFT questions; attempts to quit? Family members using
drugs/alcohol/tobacco?
E – Emotions/eating/depression: positive and negative emotional states,
including potential depression and suicidal ideation, healthy and
unhealthy eating habits: how would you describe your moods? (Elicits rich
information if teen is given time to elaborate) Irritability is hallmark of
depression in teens. Suicidal gestures/attempts may be impulsive acts
after disagreement with parents, peers; teen may not self-identify as
depressed. Warn parent/guardian if teen contemplating suicide, even if
not an immediate risk
S – Sexuality and sexual abuse: sexual attractions, sexual activity or
intentions, and any history of coercion or sexual abuse. warn the teen of
limits of confidentiality in your setting or state. For teens with the intention
to initiate sexual activity, it is important to explore choice and decisions
about sex in relationship. It is important to elicit history before discussing
safer sex, contraception, and need for pelvic exam. Be sensitive to teens
engaging in same-sex activities. Condom/barrier: “at what point in the
sexual encounter do you use condoms?” “late use” problem. Teens with
less formal education may lack awareness of anatomy/physiology of
genitals and reproductive organs.
S -Safety issues: protective factors (seat belts, helmets, problem-solving
skills) and risk factors (guns in home, engaging in fights, gang activity),
home and neighborhood safety Be sensitive to potential reluctance to
disclose
Beneficence
doing good
=doing no harm or as little harm as possible
Non-maleficence
based on the principle of respect for persons. Means
that competent adult patients can make choices about health care that they perceive to
be in their best interests after being appropriately informed about their particular health
condition and the risks and benefits of alternative diagnostic tests and treatments.
Autonomy
values involved in the equality of the distribution of goods,
services, benefits, and burdens to the individual, family, or society
Justice
Major cause of death ages 1 - 4
1) accidents
2) congenital anomalies
3) Homicide
4) Malignant neoplasms
5) diseases of the heart
Major cause of death ages 5-14
1) Accidents
2) Malignant neoplasms
3) Suicide
4) congenital anomalies
5) Homicide
6) Diseases of the heart
Major cause of death ages 15-24
1) Accidents
2) Suicide
3) Homicide
4) Malignant neoplasm
5) diseases of the heart
What is HEADSSS
risk assessment for adolescents
