test 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What visits should you discuss toilet training at

A

9 mos
12
15
18

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2
Q

most kids potty train between

A

2 1/2 - 3 1/2

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3
Q

Physiological readiness for potty training

A

18 mos

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4
Q

what is the order of potty training/control

A

1) nocturnal bowel control
2) daytime bowel control
3) daytime bladder control
4) nocturnal bladder control

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5
Q

average age for kids to be fully potty trained

A

3-4 years

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6
Q

guidelines to assess child physical skill readiness for potty training

A

has voluntary sphincter control
stays dry for 2 hrs, may wake from naps still dry
is able to sit, walk and squat
assists in dressing self

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7
Q

guidelines to assess child cognitive skills for toilet training readiness

A

recognizes urge to urinate or defecate
understands meaning of words used by family in toileting
understands what the toilet is for
understands connection between dry pants and toilet
is able to follow directions
is able to communicate needs

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8
Q

guidelines to assess child interpersonal skills for toilet training readiness

A

Demonstrate desire to please parent
expresses curiosity about use of toilet
expresses desire to be clean and dry

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9
Q

Guidelines to assess parental skills for toilet training readiness

A

expresses desire to assist child with training
recognizes childs cues for readiness
has no compelling factor that will interfere with training (new job,move, newborn, family loss

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10
Q

Awakening in first ⅓ of night with confused thinking and slow speech

A

Confusional arousals

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11
Q

Awakening 1-3hr after falling asleep w/ characteristic behaviors

A

Sleep walking/sleep terrors

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12
Q
Stage N3 (deep sleep) instability
-Genetic predisposition
A

Sleep walking/sleep terrors

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13
Q

sleep cycle length in newborns

A

Sleep cycles are 60 minutes, gradually increase to 90 minutes in child/adults

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14
Q

How long per day do full term infants sleep

A

(16-18hrs) sleep per day in intervals day/night

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15
Q

Neonates begin sleep cycle in

A

REM

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16
Q

REM comprises ___ of total sleep time in newborns and gradually decreases to ____ by adolescence

A

50%

25-30%

17
Q

From 6-12 months- adulthood REM changes to last

A

1/3 of the night

18
Q

Infants capable of sleep through night without feed by

A

6 mos

19
Q

Within 4hrs of bedtime, DEEP NREM sleep

Confused, disoriented, does NOT remember, unaware of caregiver attempts to console, returns to sleep QUICKLY

A

sleep terror

20
Q

Later in night, LIGHT REM sleep

Scared, upset, DOES remember, receptive to comforting measures, delayed returning to sleep d/t fear

A

nightmare

21
Q

Associated with genetics and iron deficiency

A

restless leg syndrome

22
Q

Colic often diagnosed using Wessel’s rule of threes

A

Crying for more than 3 hrs/day, at least 3 days/wk, for more than 3 wks

23
Q

Colic usually resolves by

A

3 mos

24
Q

echniques for calming infants include Dr.Harvey Karp’s “5 Ss”

A

swaddling, side or stomach holding, soothing noises( ie. shushing, singinging, white noise), swinging, or slow rhythmic movement (rocking, walking, or riding a car), and sucking on a pacifier.

25
Q

Atypical tantrums (destructive or injurious) may be indicative of a more serious underlying condition such as

A

sleep disturbances, ADHD, mood disorders, or family stressors.

26
Q

Hot water heater temperature

A

No higher than 120 degrees F. Always test water before bathing or showers to prevent burns.

27
Q

Riding correctly without a car seat usually occurs

A

8-12 yrs old & at about 4’9 in height

28
Q

Children should always sit in a car seat or booster seat and ride in the backseat of the car as this is the safest place for them until the age of

A

13

29
Q

enuresis can be a sign of

A

Endocrine- diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidus, hyperthyroid, abnormal release of nighttime vasopressin,

30
Q

what meds are approved for nocturnal enuresis

A

Desmopressin and Imipramine approved for nocturnal enuresis

31
Q

when do you take Desmopressin

A

2 hours before bedtime

32
Q

need to know about Imipramine

A

Higher success rate but high side effects
Lethal if overdose-fatal cardiac arrhythmia
Suicide black box warning
Anticholinergic side effects
Cardiac dysrhythmias (need baseline EKG)
Anticholinergic properties
Increased sphincter tone
Can treat comorbid anxiety/depression & ADHD

33
Q

reasons for encopresis

A
Commonly caused by delayed physical maturation 
Harsh toilet training 
IBS
Spinal cord trauma/injury
Hirschsprung disease
Lead poisoning
Hypothyroid
Hypokalemia
Hypercalcemia 
Diabetes 
Intestinal smooth muscle disorder (Scleroderma)
Pain medication use 
Chronic laxative use
34
Q

Meconium stool by

A

48 hours old

35
Q

stools per day for infant

A

Typically 3-4 small stools per day

36
Q

breastfed stool

A

Breastfed- sticky, light yellow, curdy, sour
Many small stools/day for first few weeks then decrease to 1-6 stools/day
Infrequent stools not problematic in exclusively breastfed infants if thriving (may go 8-14 days without stool)

37
Q

formula stool

A

darker, firmer, smellier

2-4 stools/day first month