TEST 5 Flashcards
Surface layer of gray matter, surrounded by white matter
Cortex
deeper masses of gray matter, surrounded by white matter
nuclei
white matter is composed of…
tracts..bundles of axons
connects one part of brain to another, and the brain to the spinal cord
myelinated axons
white matter
corpus callosum in coronal view is…
one of the huge white matter tracts. It provides most of our communication between left and right side of brain
most inferior part of brainstem
medulla oblongata
(medulla)
all ascending and descending fibers connecting brain and spinal cord pass through the…
medulla
transitions to spinal cord and exits the foramen magnum…
medulla
ascending.
starts in spinal cord and goes up to brain…(passes through the medulla)
sensory
descending.
starts in brain and down to spinal cord…(passes through the medulla)
motor
hearing, equilibrium, taste, touch, pressure, temp, pain…are all ?
sensory functions
medulla contains multiple nuclei and cranial nerves involved in …
sensory and motor functions. medulla
chewing, salivation, swallowing, gagging, speech, respiration, cough, sneeze, sweat, cardiac, and GI control
motor functions
medulla
rate and force of heart contractions, blood pressure, rhythm and depth of breathing,(reticular or formation) force of contractions, diameter of blood vessels…
what function?
Autonomic function
medulla
Is severe damage to medulla compatible with life?
NO
This part of brain..
Large role in respiration and sleep. contains cerebellar peduncles that connect it and the midbrain to the cerebellum.
Pons
This part of brain…
Contains both sensory, motor and autonomic functions.
sensory: hearing, equilibrium taste, face sensations.
Motor: eye movement, facial expressions, chewing, swallowing
Autonomic: urination, tear and saliva production.
Pons(middle portion)
this part of brain controls…
sleep and respiration via reticular formation.
awakeness and consciousness..
Pons
This part of brain contains….
awareness of pain.(in the gray matter).
Cranial nerves that control eye movement, sending signals to
the midbrain
4 bodies
corpora Quadrigemina. located on the posterior midbrain
tracking objects and visual attention
visual functions of corpora quadrigemina
relays signals from inner ear to brain
auditory functions of corpora quadrigemina
Pillars that anchor the cerebrum to the brain stem..
peduncles
Filters our muscle movement-inhibits unwanted signals to our muscles.. it is called…
substantia nigra.
in midbrain
damage to substantia nigra means…
can’t filter out unwanted movedments.
shaking, stiffness, balance issues,
Parkinson’s
You don’t have enough dopamine. dopamine cant cross BBB, so they treat with L-DOPA
Injury to brainstem can lead to..
death, eye problems, cardiac or respiratory issues
loose web of gray matter that runs through brain stem and into the upper spinal cord. is called
reticular (net) Formation (or network)
it occupies space between white fiber tracts and brainstem nuclei
Has connections with many areas of cerebrum
brain, posture, rhythmic movements of breathing and swallowing…
somatic
function of
reticular formation
force and rate of contractions and blood pressure…
cardiovascular
function of
reticular formation
control how much we experience…
pain modulation..
function of reticular formation
sleep and consciousness-alertness and sleep
-how wakeful we are.. is a function of
Reticular Activity System (RAS)
damage to the Reticular Activity System (RAS) can be caused by…
multiple pathologies such as hernia or stroke
-hypersomnia, coma, and death
decreased output of the Reticular Activity System is associated with…
norcolepsy, where you are awake and then just fall asleep
second largest portion of the brain..
cerebellum (little brain)
balance, equilibrium, and coordination are in what part of the brain..
cerebellum.
It knows where all the parts of the body are. It provides us with coordination.
Controls motor coordination
this often occurs when parts of the nervous system that control movement are damaged
cerebellar ataxia
most forms are genetic or neurological. NO cure
This leads to atrophy or degeneration of the cerebellum
