CHAPTER 1 Flashcards
Sagittal plane
divides the specimen into left and right parts
There are two variations
Midsagittal section
Divide the specimen into equal right and left halves
Parasagittal section
divide the specimen into unequal right and left parts
Frontal plane (coronal plane)
divides the specimen into an anterior part and a posterior part
Transverse plane (cross section)or horizontal plane
divides the specimen into a superior or(proximal) part and an inferior (or distal) part
Skeletal System
Main organs:
Joints, bones
functions:
-structural support
-attachment site for muscles
-responsible for hematopoiesis (blood cell formation)
Integumentary System
Main organs:
hair, skin and nails
Function:
protects the body from external damage and microorganisms
Synthesizes vitamin D
Contains sweat and oil glands
Muscular System
Main organs:
Skeletal muscles
Functions:
Allows for movement of the body
allows us to maintain posture
allows us to make facial expressions (not common among organisms)
By product of use produces heat
Nervous system
Main organs
Brain
spinal cord
spinal nerves
functions:
-Controls all the body’s functions
-Allows us to respond to internal and external environment
-allows us to have conscious thought
Endocrine System
Main organs:
ovaries
testes
pancreas
thyroid
pituitary
adrenal glands
thyroid
penial gland
Functions:
secrete hormones
these hormones regulate growth, reproductions and metabolism (nutrient use)
Cardiovascular System
Main Organs:
heart, arteries, veins
Functions:
-Blood vessels transport blood carrying oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes.
-The heart pumps blood
Lymphatic System(Immunity)
Main organs:
Red bone marrow
thymus
Lymphatic vessels
thoracic duct
spleen
lymph nodes
Functions:
Disposes of cellular debris
picks up fluid from blood vessels and returns it to the blood
contains white blood cells
Anatomy
the study of the structure of body parts
physiology
THE FUNCTION OF THE HUMAN BODY
how do muscles contract
structure always reflects
function
Subdivision of Anatomy: Regional anatomy
is looking at the thigh or bones–etc, focus on structure in one area of body
systemic anatomy
all the bones or all the muscles etc
surface anatomy
where will I inser the needle or where do I place the scalpel
microscopic anatomy:
cytology
histology
too small to be seen with the eye
–cytology microscopic study of cells
–histology
microscopic study of tissues
developmental anatomy
studies anatomical and physiological development
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
breaks down consumed foods into products that can be used by the cell
oral cavity,
esophagas
liver
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
rectum
anus
Respiratory System
keeps blood constantly supplie with oxygen and removes CO2
nasal cavity
pharynx
larynx
trachea
bronchiies
lung
male reproductive system
prostate and associated glands produce fluid that nourishes the sperm
penis
testes
scrotum
prostate
female reproductive system
mammary glands produce breast milk to nourish offspring
fetus develops in the uterus where implantation occurs
mammary glands
ovary
uterus
vagina uterine tube
superior
towards the head
inferior
towards the bottom or lower stucture/feet
anterior
front
posterior
back
directional term
medial
toward middle or midline
lateral
away from midline
imtermediate
between a more medial and lateral structure
when talking about arms and legs
proximal
distal
proximal-closer to the origin of an attachment
distal-away from origin of attachemt
more internal:
superficial
deep
superficial-towards the surface
deep-towards the interior;internal
muscles are deep
bone is deep to the skin
