Test 5 Flashcards
What are the factors of screening?
costs, lead time, and length bias
Lead time
Interval between the time when a disease can be first diagnosed by screening and when it is usually diagnosed and patients presenting with symptoms
Length bias
overestimation of survival due to detection of cases (disease) that are slowly progressing
Types of screenings
-Mass screening
-Multiple/multiphasic screening
-Target screening
-Case finding/opportunistic
Diagnostic Test
establish the course and nature of an already “ill” individual
Prognostic Test
we know you have it, how bad is it
Screening test
test to identify unrecognized disease or illness
Validity
the ability of a test to distinguish between those who have a disease and those who do not
What are the two things associated with validity?
sensitivity and specificity
Sensitivity
the ability of a test to identify correctly those with disease
Specificity
the ability of a test to identify correctly those without disease
Know the difference between True/False positive and negative
This is common sense lowkey
Prediction Value
the ability to predict the presence of disease from test results
Yield
the amount of previously undiagnosed disease that is diagnosed and brought to treatment as a result of the screening test
Primary
to reduce the new incidences of disease (flu shots; school nutrition programs; after-school programs; walking paths, seatbelt laws, etc)
Secondary
early detection and treatment; screening for risk factors; disease status not known previously (BP screens; preseason physicals, etc); looking for undiagnosed disease in a population
Tertiary
treatment for an existing disease; prevention of recurrence or complications after the disease occurs
Primordial
outside of healthy care diseplene
Population
also referred to as. public health or community based approach
High risk
also referred to as clinical or personal approach (targets specific susceptible population)
What are the 3 chains of infection
- Host
- Vehicle/Vector
- Environment/Agent
Host
person, animal, insect
“carrying” or “hosting” the pathogen
Vehicle
non living contaminated objects or elements
Vector
living insect or animal or person. Transmits infection from one host to another
Environment
Physical, social, behavioral… external factors that allow transmission
Agent
The pathogen, virus, bacteria, fungi, that causes the disease
Chain of infection
Mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host, infectious disease, reservoir, portal of exit
Virulence
ability to grow
Invasiveness
ability to enter tissue
Pathogenicity
ability to cause disease
Infective dose
amount required to cause infection
Reservoir
Where micro-organism resides, thrives, reproduces
Mode of Transmission
Means by which organism transfers from a current carrier to a new carrier
Mode of Transmission: Direct
Direct physical contact between human beings (body fluids, sex, sweat, etc)
Mode of Transmission: Indirect
No direct human to human contact
Portal of exit
Places where micro-organism, leaves reservoir
Portal of entry
opening where infectious disease enters the host body
