Test 5

Question 1

What are the factors of screening?

Answer 1

costs, lead time, and length bias

Question 2

Lead time

Answer 2

Interval between the time when a disease can be first diagnosed by screening and when it is usually diagnosed and patients presenting with symptoms

Question 3

Length bias

Answer 3

overestimation of survival due to detection of cases (disease) that are slowly progressing

Question 4

Types of screenings

Answer 4

-Mass screening
-Multiple/multiphasic screening
-Target screening
-Case finding/opportunistic

Question 5

Diagnostic Test

Answer 5

establish the course and nature of an already “ill” individual

Question 6

Prognostic Test

Answer 6

we know you have it, how bad is it

Question 7

Screening test

Answer 7

test to identify unrecognized disease or illness

Question 8

Validity

Answer 8

the ability of a test to distinguish between those who have a disease and those who do not

Question 9

What are the two things associated with validity?

Answer 9

sensitivity and specificity

Question 10

Sensitivity

Answer 10

the ability of a test to identify correctly those with disease

Question 11

Specificity

Answer 11

the ability of a test to identify correctly those without disease

Question 12

Know the difference between True/False positive and negative

Answer 12

This is common sense lowkey

Question 13

Prediction Value

Answer 13

the ability to predict the presence of disease from test results

Question 14

Yield

Answer 14

the amount of previously undiagnosed disease that is diagnosed and brought to treatment as a result of the screening test

Question 15

Primary

Answer 15

to reduce the new incidences of disease (flu shots; school nutrition programs; after-school programs; walking paths, seatbelt laws, etc)

Question 16

Secondary

Answer 16

early detection and treatment; screening for risk factors; disease status not known previously (BP screens; preseason physicals, etc); looking for undiagnosed disease in a population

Question 17

Tertiary

Answer 17

treatment for an existing disease; prevention of recurrence or complications after the disease occurs

Question 18

Primordial

Answer 18

outside of healthy care diseplene

Question 19

Population

Answer 19

also referred to as. public health or community based approach

Question 20

High risk

Answer 20

also referred to as clinical or personal approach (targets specific susceptible population)

Question 21

What are the 3 chains of infection

Answer 21

1. Host
2. Vehicle/Vector
3. Environment/Agent

Question 22

Host

Answer 22

person, animal, insect
“carrying” or “hosting” the pathogen

Question 23

Vehicle

Answer 23

non living contaminated objects or elements

Question 24

Vector

Answer 24

living insect or animal or person. Transmits infection from one host to another

Question 25

Environment

Answer 25

Physical, social, behavioral… external factors that allow transmission

Question 26

Agent

Answer 26

The pathogen, virus, bacteria, fungi, that causes the disease

Question 27

Chain of infection

Answer 27

Mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host, infectious disease, reservoir, portal of exit

Question 28

Virulence

Answer 28

ability to grow

Question 29

Invasiveness

Answer 29

ability to enter tissue

Question 30

Pathogenicity

Answer 30

ability to cause disease

Question 31

Infective dose

Answer 31

amount required to cause infection

Question 32

Reservoir

Answer 32

Where micro-organism resides, thrives, reproduces

Question 33

Mode of Transmission

Answer 33

Means by which organism transfers from a current carrier to a new carrier

Question 34

Mode of Transmission: Direct

Answer 34

Direct physical contact between human beings (body fluids, sex, sweat, etc)

Question 35

Mode of Transmission: Indirect

Answer 35

No direct human to human contact

Question 36

Portal of exit

Answer 36

Places where micro-organism, leaves reservoir

Question 37

Portal of entry

Answer 37

opening where infectious disease enters the host body