Test 4

Question 1

Purpose of Stats in Epidemiology

Answer 1

-Describe basic biostatistic used in epidemiology
-Describe concepts underlying statical tests
-to be able to improve basic biostatistical used in epidemiology studies

Question 2

Categorical Variable

Answer 2

Variables that place individuals into a category
Ex: age, race, height, hair color

Question 3

Ordinal Variable

Answer 3

“Ordinal” = “order” or “position”

Question 4

Interval Variable

Answer 4

Equal steps or measures between points
Ex: $5 vs $10

Question 5

Numerical Variable

Answer 5

Infinite numbers within the range of the variables any value is possible- including fractions

Question 6

Discrete variable

Answer 6

limited numbers available- fractions not included
Ex: number of cars in VSU parking lot

Question 7

Bell shaped curve

Answer 7

normal distribution of data

Question 8

Mean

Answer 8

average

Question 9

Median

Answer 9

Middle number

Question 10

Mode

Answer 10

most frequently occurring number

Question 11

Variance

Answer 11

How far the numbers spread out from the mean
(more spread out = high volume distribution)

Question 12

Standard deviation

Answer 12

How much of the data set is spread out from the mean

Question 13

Confidence Interval

Answer 13

estimate of the lowest and highest value that might be expected (realistic value)

Question 14

Correlation

Answer 14

A measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predict the other

Question 15

Causation

Answer 15

Indicates that 1 event is the result of the occurrence of the other event

Question 16

p-value

Answer 16

unlikely to have occurred by chance (probability of occurrence by chance)

Question 17

Statistical Significance

Answer 17

not random, not by chance p<0.05

Question 18

Clinical meaningfulness

Answer 18

possible random, may/may not be statistical significance

Question 19

Confidence intervals provide _____ for a population expectation

Answer 19

reasonable bounds

Question 20

P-value provides statistical significance estimates ____ to have occurred by chance

Answer 20

Unlikely

Question 21

Correlation tells us how much and in what _______ to variables are related two each other

Answer 21

direction

Question 22

Plausibility =

Answer 22

reliability

Question 23

Dose response

Answer 23

dose is a recommended amount, increase amount has a different payout at the end

Question 24

Amount of dependent variable affects the ____

Answer 24

Independent variable

Question 25

What percentage is the middle of standard deviation?

Answer 25

68%

Question 26

P- value is another name for?

Answer 26

Statistical Significance

Question 27

P-value is chance, if less than 5% ____

Answer 27

thats not chance, which means its not p-value