Chapter 2 Flashcards
Whats the purpose of measuring health and disease?
to be able to describe, calculating, and interpreting common measure of disease frequency
Why is measuring health and disease important?
The measure of health and disease is fundamental to the practice of epidemiology
Whats the practical application of measuring health and disease?
Measures of mortality and morbidity are used to describe the health of
populations and the effectiveness of interventions
What is mortality?
Results in death
What is mobility?
Does not result in death
Expressing a mathematical relationship as a percentage is a?
Proportion
What is the operational definition of health?
Not just the absence of diseases, but the presence of physical, mental, and social well-being
Why is screening at an early age important?
Subclinical signs of disease can be identified early
Proportion is ____ divide by ____?
Part divided by whole
Population at risk
only includes the at risk population
Total population means?
Only those who could possibly be affected
Prevalence
number (#) of existing cases in a population; once identified, the person remains in the prevalence group
Incidence rate
number (#) of new cases in a population
Attack Rate
short-term outbreak of something
Primary
main people who were affected
Prevalence
The number of people in a population that have disease at a given time
Point prevalence
Specific one point in time
Period prevalence
during a specific time frame
Absolute Risk
-one population
-risk of developing a disease or death over a specific time-period
-size of your own risk
-% of people affected
What type of risk is the following:
The lifetime risk of a women developing invasive breast cancer is 12.5%
Absolute risk
Relative risk
compare the risk in two different groups
“smokers” vs “non-smokers” is an example of what type of risk?
relative risk
“All-cause mortality” is what?
The different types of reasons or things that cause death
Neutral=
-doesn’t determine outcome
-Risk of exposed = risk unexposed
-no evidence of impact/risk
-neither increase risk or decrease risk
In favor/Decrease =
-risk of exposed < risk of unexposed
-evidence suggestive that exposed protective effect
Against/Increase =
-risk of exposed > risk of unexposed
-evidence suggestive that exposed has increased risk
Adjustments
doesn’t usually matter;
Attributable risk
The proportion of disease in a population that be attributed to an exposure
crude rate
Tells you where the number of case per capita is the highest
