Chapter 2

Question 1

Whats the purpose of measuring health and disease?

Answer 1

to be able to describe, calculating, and interpreting common measure of disease frequency

Question 2

Why is measuring health and disease important?

Answer 2

The measure of health and disease is fundamental to the practice of epidemiology

Question 3

Whats the practical application of measuring health and disease?

Answer 3

Measures of mortality and morbidity are used to describe the health of
populations and the effectiveness of interventions

Question 4

What is mortality?

Answer 4

Results in death

Question 5

What is mobility?

Answer 5

Does not result in death

Question 6

Expressing a mathematical relationship as a percentage is a?

Answer 6

Proportion

Question 7

What is the operational definition of health?

Answer 7

Not just the absence of diseases, but the presence of physical, mental, and social well-being

Question 8

Why is screening at an early age important?

Answer 8

Subclinical signs of disease can be identified early

Question 9

Proportion is ____ divide by ____?

Answer 9

Part divided by whole

Question 10

Population at risk

Answer 10

only includes the at risk population

Question 11

Total population means?

Answer 11

Only those who could possibly be affected

Question 12

Prevalence

Answer 12

number (#) of existing cases in a population; once identified, the person remains in the prevalence group

Question 13

Incidence rate

Answer 13

number (#) of new cases in a population

Question 14

Attack Rate

Answer 14

short-term outbreak of something

Question 15

Primary

Answer 15

main people who were affected

Question 16

Prevalence

Answer 16

The number of people in a population that have disease at a given time

Question 17

Point prevalence

Answer 17

Specific one point in time

Question 18

Period prevalence

Answer 18

during a specific time frame

Question 19

Absolute Risk

Answer 19

-one population
-risk of developing a disease or death over a specific time-period
-size of your own risk
-% of people affected

Question 20

What type of risk is the following:
The lifetime risk of a women developing invasive breast cancer is 12.5%

Answer 20

Absolute risk

Question 21

Relative risk

Answer 21

compare the risk in two different groups

Question 22

“smokers” vs “non-smokers” is an example of what type of risk?

Answer 22

relative risk

Question 23

“All-cause mortality” is what?

Answer 23

The different types of reasons or things that cause death

Question 24

Neutral=

Answer 24

-doesn’t determine outcome
-Risk of exposed = risk unexposed
-no evidence of impact/risk
-neither increase risk or decrease risk

Question 25

In favor/Decrease =

Answer 25

-risk of exposed < risk of unexposed
-evidence suggestive that exposed protective effect

Question 26

Against/Increase =

Answer 26

-risk of exposed > risk of unexposed
-evidence suggestive that exposed has increased risk

Question 27

Adjustments

Answer 27

doesn’t usually matter;

Question 28

Attributable risk

Answer 28

The proportion of disease in a population that be attributed to an exposure

Question 29

crude rate

Answer 29

Tells you where the number of case per capita is the highest