Test 5 Flashcards
What are calcium critical values?
Less than 6, but greater than 13
What is hypomagnesemia?
I electrolyte disturbance caused by a low serum of magnesium level
This can be due to chronic disease, alcohol use, disorder, gastrointestinal, losses, Renal losses
What is hypermagnesemia?
It is when there’s too much magnesium in your body
Magnesium is the mineral that helps bones, heart, and other body functions work well
It could also be a sign of kidney failure, kidneys are meant to get rid of too much magnesium
What is hypo natremia?
A condition that occurs when the level of sodium in the blood is too low
With this condition, the body hold onto too much water, this dilutes the amount of sodium in the blood and causes levels to be low
What is hyper natremia?
A high concentration of sodium in the blood
There’s usually occurs in people who don’t drink enough water
This can affect someone with dementia, or an infant, who has limited access to fluids
What is hyper kalemia?
It is high potassium, can have causes that aren’t due to underlying disease
Example: eating high, potassium, meal, or medication side effects
Causes could be related to kidneys, acute kidney failure, chronic kidney disease
What is hypo kalemia?
It is low potassium
Causes could be an adequate dietary intake of potassium, vomiting, diarrhea, medication, side effects
What are magnesium critical levels?
Less than 0.5 greater than 3.
What are sodium critical values?
Less than 120 greater than 160
What are potassium, critical values?
Less than 3 greater than 6.1.
What is sensible fluid?
Sensible fluid is fluid that you can see such as:
Urine , vomit, diarrhea, NG tube
What is insensible fluid?
Insensible fluid is fluid you don’t see such as:
Respiratory track (what you breathe out)
sweating
What role do the kidneys play?
The kidneys play a major role in being the regulator of fluid output
The minimum output is 30 ML’s per hour
What is hypervolemia
A condition in which the liquid portion of the blood (plasma) is too high
Hypervolemia can be caused by failure of the heart, kidney, or liver, or by a high-salt diet.
What is hypovolemia?
A condition in which the liquid portion of the blood (plasma) is too low.
Causes of hypovolemia include vomiting, diarrhea, and excessive bleeding. This can lead to shock, a life-threatening condition in which the organs aren’t getting enough blood or oxygen.
What is osmolality?
It indicates the concentration of all the particles dissolved in body fluid
What is isomolar
Having equal molarity
Same as plasma
What is hyper osmolar?
A condition in which the blood has a high concentration of salt(sodium), glucose, and other substances
Higher particles, then plasma
What is hypoosmolar?
An abnormal decrease in osmolarity of body fluids
Les particles than plasma, sodium, or glucose
What are the different types of IV solutions? -Crystalloids every day IVs.-
Isotonic
Hypotonic
Hypertonic
-Colloids
-Blood and blood products
What is an isotonic IV?
Sodium is equal-this is indicated for volume replacement
ECV replacement to prevent or treat ECV deficient
We can bolus, except
>D5W —-dextrox (sugar)
What is a hypertonic IV
It has a greater concentration of solute
It can be used to treat hyponatremia
What is a hypotonic IV
It has lesser concentration of solutes than plasma
It causes cells to gain volume
It can treat cellular dehydration
What are examples of isotonic solutions?
0.9% sodium chloride. (NS) normal saline.
Lactated ringers (LR) this mimics plasma
5% dextrose (D5W)
* do not bolus
Dextrose = sugar
What are examples of hypotonic solutions?
0.45% sodium chloride (1/2 NS) normal saline
What are examples of hypertonic solutions?
3% sodium chloride (NS) normal saline
5% dextrose in 0.45%
Or
0.9 sodium chloride.
10% dextrose (D10W)
What do isotonic solution treat?
It helps treat:
Fluid volume deficit
Dehydration
It is used for:
Rapid volume
Fluid maintenance
Surgery
It can be considered Isoperfect cells, this means no osmosis or shifting is happening with the cells
What do hypotonic solution treat?
It treats:
Hypernatremia (high sodium)
Maintenance
It helps with:
Kidney disease (Because patient will not be excreting urine)
Cardiac issues
Uses: hyper osmolar, hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis(DKA)
This can be considered hippotonic cells because all the fluid goes into the cell, causing it to swell
What do hypertonic solution treat??
It treats:
Hyponatremia (low sodium)
Monitor for fluid overload
Run at rate MD prescribes
Slow IVF too much fluid is retained
Uses:
Given to counter fluid overload, or pulmonary edema
* look out for bounding pulse is, high blood pressure, jugular vein distention, fluid in lungs— these are signs of fluid overload**
Are for skinny cells because the fluid goes out of the cell, making it skinny , so when people are hyper, they become skinny
Hypertonic solution information
Hypertonic solutions make it easier for the kidneys to remove excess water from your patience body; it also helps lower the blood pressure by reducing the amount of fluid and blood vessels and capillaries
When should you give? When blood pressure is low, heavy, fluid loss, too much, potassium, frequent, vomiting, or diarrhea, diabetes, kidney disease, liver cirrhosis, burns/wounds.
Isometric muscle contraction
Tighten(contractions) of a specific muscle or group of muscles
Muscle does not shorten, but tension increases 💪
An example is a leg lift
Isotonic muscle contraction
The length of the muscle shortens the tension does not change
Example lifting weights 🏋️♂️
Isotonic contraction’s, maintain constant tension in the muscle as the muscle changes length
Urinary stasis
The stopping of urine
* does not always mean you can’t urinate*
But a patient may also have trouble initiating the flow of urine
Ms. Peck— urine hanging out; which causes a greater risk for UTI
Patient is lying supine position
Which patients are at risk for contractures
Immobile patient
We can help by performing passive range of motion
Passive because patient is not able to move body part
Contractors
Alterations in the muscular skeletal system
Contractors are permanent or abnormal fixations of a joint from Miss use
What are three types of sensory alterations?
Sensory deficit
Difficulties with one of the main senses, like touch or taste, or difficulties with multiple senses
Sensory deprivation
Occurs when one or more of our natural senses are reduced or completely eliminated
Sensory overload
When you’re getting more input from your five senses than your brain can sort through and process
Proprioception —kinaesthesia
The sense of self movement, force, and body position
- this is your body’s ability to sense movement, action, and location
Example -closing your eyes and touching your nose
