Test 5

Question 1

What are calcium critical values?

Answer 1

Less than 6, but greater than 13

Question 2

What is hypomagnesemia?

Answer 2

I electrolyte disturbance caused by a low serum of magnesium level

This can be due to chronic disease, alcohol use, disorder, gastrointestinal, losses, Renal losses

Question 3

What is hypermagnesemia?

Answer 3

It is when there’s too much magnesium in your body

Magnesium is the mineral that helps bones, heart, and other body functions work well

It could also be a sign of kidney failure, kidneys are meant to get rid of too much magnesium

Question 4

What is hypo natremia?

Answer 4

A condition that occurs when the level of sodium in the blood is too low

With this condition, the body hold onto too much water, this dilutes the amount of sodium in the blood and causes levels to be low

Question 5

What is hyper natremia?

Answer 5

A high concentration of sodium in the blood

There’s usually occurs in people who don’t drink enough water

This can affect someone with dementia, or an infant, who has limited access to fluids

Question 6

What is hyper kalemia?

Answer 6

It is high potassium, can have causes that aren’t due to underlying disease
Example: eating high, potassium, meal, or medication side effects

Causes could be related to kidneys, acute kidney failure, chronic kidney disease

Question 7

What is hypo kalemia?

Answer 7

It is low potassium

Causes could be an adequate dietary intake of potassium, vomiting, diarrhea, medication, side effects

Question 8

What are magnesium critical levels?

Answer 8

Less than 0.5 greater than 3.

Question 9

What are sodium critical values?

Answer 9

Less than 120 greater than 160

Question 10

What are potassium, critical values?

Answer 10

Less than 3 greater than 6.1.

Question 11

What is sensible fluid?

Answer 11

Sensible fluid is fluid that you can see such as:
Urine , vomit, diarrhea, NG tube

Question 12

What is insensible fluid?

Answer 12

Insensible fluid is fluid you don’t see such as:
Respiratory track (what you breathe out)
sweating

Question 13

What role do the kidneys play?

Answer 13

The kidneys play a major role in being the regulator of fluid output

The minimum output is 30 ML’s per hour

Question 14

What is hypervolemia

Answer 14

A condition in which the liquid portion of the blood (plasma) is too high

Hypervolemia can be caused by failure of the heart, kidney, or liver, or by a high-salt diet.

Question 15

What is hypovolemia?

Answer 15

A condition in which the liquid portion of the blood (plasma) is too low.

Causes of hypovolemia include vomiting, diarrhea, and excessive bleeding. This can lead to shock, a life-threatening condition in which the organs aren’t getting enough blood or oxygen.

Question 16

What is osmolality?

Answer 16

It indicates the concentration of all the particles dissolved in body fluid

Question 17

What is isomolar

Answer 17

Having equal molarity
Same as plasma

Question 18

What is hyper osmolar?

Answer 18

A condition in which the blood has a high concentration of salt(sodium), glucose, and other substances

Higher particles, then plasma

Question 19

What is hypoosmolar?

Answer 19

An abnormal decrease in osmolarity of body fluids

Les particles than plasma, sodium, or glucose

Question 20

What are the different types of IV solutions? -Crystalloids every day IVs.-

Answer 20

Isotonic
Hypotonic
Hypertonic
-Colloids
-Blood and blood products

Question 21

What is an isotonic IV?

Answer 21

Sodium is equal-this is indicated for volume replacement

ECV replacement to prevent or treat ECV deficient

We can bolus, except
>D5W —-dextrox (sugar)

Question 22

What is a hypertonic IV

Answer 22

It has a greater concentration of solute

It can be used to treat hyponatremia

Question 23

What is a hypotonic IV

Answer 23

It has lesser concentration of solutes than plasma

It causes cells to gain volume

It can treat cellular dehydration

Question 24

What are examples of isotonic solutions?

Answer 24

0.9% sodium chloride. (NS) normal saline.

Lactated ringers (LR) this mimics plasma

5% dextrose (D5W)
* do not bolus
Dextrose = sugar

Question 25

What are examples of hypotonic solutions?

Answer 25

0.45% sodium chloride (1/2 NS) normal saline

Question 26

What are examples of hypertonic solutions?

Answer 26

3% sodium chloride (NS) normal saline

5% dextrose in 0.45%
Or
0.9 sodium chloride.

10% dextrose (D10W)

Question 27

What do isotonic solution treat?

Answer 27

It helps treat:
Fluid volume deficit
Dehydration

It is used for:
Rapid volume
Fluid maintenance
Surgery

It can be considered Isoperfect cells, this means no osmosis or shifting is happening with the cells

Question 28

What do hypotonic solution treat?

Answer 28

It treats:
Hypernatremia (high sodium)
Maintenance

It helps with:
Kidney disease (Because patient will not be excreting urine)
Cardiac issues

Uses: hyper osmolar, hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis(DKA)

This can be considered hippotonic cells because all the fluid goes into the cell, causing it to swell

Question 29

What do hypertonic solution treat??

Answer 29

It treats:
Hyponatremia (low sodium)
Monitor for fluid overload

Run at rate MD prescribes
Slow IVF too much fluid is retained

Uses:
Given to counter fluid overload, or pulmonary edema
* look out for bounding pulse is, high blood pressure, jugular vein distention, fluid in lungs— these are signs of fluid overload**

Are for skinny cells because the fluid goes out of the cell, making it skinny , so when people are hyper, they become skinny

Question 30

Hypertonic solution information

Answer 30

Hypertonic solutions make it easier for the kidneys to remove excess water from your patience body; it also helps lower the blood pressure by reducing the amount of fluid and blood vessels and capillaries

When should you give? When blood pressure is low, heavy, fluid loss, too much, potassium, frequent, vomiting, or diarrhea, diabetes, kidney disease, liver cirrhosis, burns/wounds.

Question 31

Isometric muscle contraction

Answer 31

Tighten(contractions) of a specific muscle or group of muscles

Muscle does not shorten, but tension increases 💪

An example is a leg lift

Question 32

Isotonic muscle contraction

Answer 32

The length of the muscle shortens the tension does not change
Example lifting weights 🏋️‍♂️

Isotonic contraction’s, maintain constant tension in the muscle as the muscle changes length

Question 33

Urinary stasis

Answer 33

The stopping of urine
* does not always mean you can’t urinate*
But a patient may also have trouble initiating the flow of urine

Ms. Peck— urine hanging out; which causes a greater risk for UTI
Patient is lying supine position

Question 34

Which patients are at risk for contractures

Answer 34

Immobile patient

We can help by performing passive range of motion

Passive because patient is not able to move body part

Question 35

Contractors

Answer 35

Alterations in the muscular skeletal system

Contractors are permanent or abnormal fixations of a joint from Miss use

Question 36

What are three types of sensory alterations?

Answer 36

Sensory deficit
Difficulties with one of the main senses, like touch or taste, or difficulties with multiple senses

Sensory deprivation
Occurs when one or more of our natural senses are reduced or completely eliminated

Sensory overload
When you’re getting more input from your five senses than your brain can sort through and process

Question 37

Proprioception —kinaesthesia

Answer 37

The sense of self movement, force, and body position

• this is your body’s ability to sense movement, action, and location

Example -closing your eyes and touching your nose