Lab Values Flashcards
L
Liter
DL
Deciliter
Mg
Milligram
MMOL
Millimole
mEq
Milliequivalents
Complete blood count (CBC)
Hold information about the hematologic system and many other organs
Red blood cell (RBC) normal values
Males: 4.7 - 6.1
Females: 4.2 - 5.4
White blood cell count (leukocyte, count, white count) values
Normal value: 5000-10,000
Critical values : less than 2000 or greater than 30000
White blood cells decreased levels
Due to radiation; toxic and tradition of heavy metals, or chemical poisons; antineoplastic drugs
Hemoglobin(Hgb) values
Normal values:
Males: 14 - 18
Females: 12-16
Critical values: less than 7g/dL or greater than 21g/dl
What does hemoglobin do?
Hemoglobin is the protein molecule in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the bodies, tissues and returns carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs
Hematocrit (Hct) values
Normal values:
Males 42-52%
Females 37 -47%
Critical values:
Less than 21% or greater than 65%
What does increased HCT do
Increased HCT can be caused by severe dehydration or COPD
Decreased HCT
Can mean, recent, bleeding or hemorrhage
Platelet count values
Adult reference value: 150,000-450,000
Critical values:
Less than 20,000 or greater than 1 million
Platelets (thrombocytes)
Are essential for coagulation of blood and maintaining homeostasis
Basis, metabolic panel (BMP) includes:
The panel includes sodium, potassium, chloride, carbon dioxide, glucose, BUN, creatinine, calcium
Sodium (Na+) values
Normal values: 136-145
Critical values: less than 120 or greater than 160mEq/L
It is most abundant in plasma
Potassium(K+) values
Normal value:
3.5-5.0 meEq/L
Critical values:
Less than 3 or greater than 8 mEq/L
Potassium(k+) function
•helps nerves to function& muscles to contract
•It is most noted in cardiac function
Calcium (Ca+) values
Normal value:
9.0 - 10.5
Critical value:
Less than 6 or greater than 13 mg/dL
chloride(Cl-) values
Normal levels:
98 -106 mEq/L
Critical levels:
Less than 80 or greater than 115 mEq/L
Carbon dioxide (co2) values
Normal level:
23 -29
Critical values:
Less than 10 mEq/L or greater than 40 mEq/L
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) values
Normal values:
10 -20 MG/DL
Critical value:
Greater than 100 MG/dL (indicates serious impairment of renal function)
Creatinine values
Normal values:
0.5–1.1
Critical values:
Greater than 4 mg/dL
Glucose values
Normal values:
Adults: 74–106
Critical values:
Adult males: less than 50 and greater than 450 Mg/dL
adult female: less than 40 and greater than 450 mg/dL
Prothrombin time (PT) values
Normal value:
11–12.5 seconds
Coumadin (warfarin) therapy:
2–3 times normal
Possible critical values:
PT greater than 60 seconds without Coumadin therapy
Prothrombin time(PT)
Is the most used test for controlling anticoagulant therapy with Coumadin.
International normalized ratio(INR)
Normal range:
0.8–1.1
Critical value:
INR greater than 5
The INR range does not very between labs
PTT
Is the most commonly used test for controlling anticoagulant therapy with heparin.
•Normal range:
PTT 60–70 seconds
•Patient receiving anticoagulant therapy (1.5–2.5) times control value in seconds
Glycosylated hemoglobin ASSAY (hemoglobin A1c) values
Normal values:
4–5.9%
Good control less than 7%; fair 8–9; poor greater than 9
Glycosylated hemoglobin ASSAY (hemoglobin A1c)
The glycosylated hemoglobin test shows what a persons average blood glucose level was for the 2 to 3 months before the test. This can help determine how will a persons diabetes is being controlled overtime.
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (Sed Rate)
The purpose of an ESR test is to monitor certain inflammatory, and infectious conditions .
Example: arthritic conditions
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (sed rate) values
Normal value:
Adult male: 0–15 mm/hr
Adult female: 0–20 mm/hr
Total serum protein values
Normal values:
Adult: 6.4–8.3 g/dL (ambulatory)
Adult: 6.0–7.8 g/dL (bedrest)
Lipid profile values
Values:
1. total cholesterol: less than 200
2. LDL: adult: less than 130 mg/dL
3. HDL: adult: male greater than 45 mg/dL, female, greater than 55 mg/dL
4. LDL: HDL ratio: less than 3
5. Triglycerides: male: 40–160; females: 35–135
Serum cholesterol value
Desirable value: less than 200Mg/dL
Triglycerides values
Values:
In males: 40–160 mg/dL
In females: 35–135 mg/dL
Magnesium
Low magnesium level may increase cardiac irritability and aggravate, cardiac arrhythmias.
Hyper magnesium retards neuromuscular conduction, and is demonstrated as cardiac conduction slowing (widened PR & Q– T intervals with wide QRS, diminished deep, tendon, reflexes, and respiratory depression)
Magnesium values
Normal values:
1.3– 2.1 mEq/L
Critical value:
Less than 0.5 or greater than 3 mEq/L
Lactic acid values
Normal values:
Venous blood: 5–20 mg/dL
Drugs that increase lactic acid
Aspirin, cyanide, ethanol
Specific gravity value
Normal value:
1.005–1.030
Specific gravity
Specific gravity reflects the ability of the kidneys to concentrate and dilute urine.
A high specific gravity indicates a concentrated urine.
Hello specific gravity indicate a dilute urine
Protein value
Normal value:
0–8
Protein
Proteinuria is a sensitive indicator of kidney to
Hypercalcemia
Increased levels of calcium
(Lymphoma, multiple myeloma, Addison’s disease)
Hypocalcemia
Decreased levels of calcium(renal failure, Ricketts, pancreatitis)
Hyperchloremia
Increased levels of chloride; dehydration, metabolic, acidosis, Cushing syndrome, kidney dysfunction
Hypochloremia
Decreased levels of chloride. Over dehydration, chronic diarrhea.
Hypernatremia
Increased levels of sodium. It could cause increase dietary intake, excessive sodium, an IV fluids, excessive, sweating, extensive thermal burns.
Hyponatremia
Decreased levels of sodium; Addison’s disease, diarrhea, vomiting, chronic renal insufficiency
Hyperkalemia
Increased levels of potassium; Addison’s disease(adrenal insufficiency), crushed injuries to tissues, infection, dehydration
Hypokalemia
Decreased level of potassium; G.I. disorders, Cushing syndrome(too much hormone cortisol), glucose administration, insulin administration
Hypercapnia
Increased levels of carbon dioxide; severe vomiting, high-volume, gastric section, COPD
Hypocapnia
Decreased levels of carbon dioxide; chronic diarrhea, renal failure, starvation, shock
