Test 4: Urinary, Fluid Electrolyte Acid Base, And Endocrine Flashcards
Identify the external portions of the kidney.
Renal hilus and renal capsule.
Identify the internal portions of the kidney.
Renal cortex, renal medulla, renal pyramids, renal columns, minor calyces, major calyces, renal pelvis.
Name the thin walled tube that carries urine from the bladder and out of the body.
The urethra.
Name the 3 portions of the male urethra.
Prostatic, membranous, and spongy.
Describe the prostatic urethra.
The portion running through the prostate gland.
Describe the membranous urethra.
The portion running through the urogenital diaphragm.
Describe the spongy urethra.
The portion running through the penis.
What is a tuft of capillaries within the renal corpuscle?
The glomerulus.
What is the significance of the glomerulus?
The site of filtration in the kidneys.
What is the narrow hairpin loop that connects the proximal and distal convoluted tubule?
The loop of henle.
What are the slender tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder?
Ureters.
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
The nephron.
What affect does aldosterone have on the kidneys?
It promotes the reabsorption of sodium in the DCT and the CD.
What is the renal corpuscle?
Collectively the glomerulus and the Bowman’s capsule.
Where is the renal corpuscle located?
Inside the nephron.
How many milliliters of urine in the bladder will initiate the urination (micturition) reflex?
200-400 ml
What are examples of substances often secreted by the nephron?
Urea, penicillin, aspirin, potassium, excess hydrogen, excess bicarbonate.
What type of tissue makes up the Bowman’s capsule?
Simple squamous epithelium.
What type of tissue makes up the kidney tubules?
Simple cuboidal.
What type of tissue lines the bladder?
Transitional epithelium.
Where does the greatest reabsorption occur in the kidney?
In the proximal convoluted tubule.
In what part of the nephron is water not absorbed?
Water is not absorbed in the ascending loop of henle.
In what part of the nephron is reabsorption controlled by hormones?
In the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct.
What is the trigone?
The smooth, triangular portion of the bladder outlined by the openings of the ureters and urethra.
What is the significance of the trigone?
It is a common site of infection; I.e. Urinary tract infections.
Define filtration.
Movement of fluid/substances from the glomerulus into the Bowman’s capsule.
Define reabsorption.
Movement of fluid/substances from the kidney tubules into the peritubular capillaries.
Define secretion.
Movement of fluid/substances from the peritubular capillaries into the kidney tubules.
Define the functions of the afferent arteriole.
Takes blood to the glomerulus. Vasodilates to maintain a minimal GFR.
Define the functions of the efferent arteriole.
Takes blood from the glomerulus. Slightly vasoconstricts due to moderate input from the sympathetic nervous system.