TEST 4: The Client with Respiratory Health Problems Flashcards
The Client with an Upper Respiratory Tract
Infection
1. A nurse is completing the health history for a client who has been taking echinacea for a head
cold. The client asks, “Why isn’t this helping me feel better?” Which of the following responses by
the nurse would be the most accurate?
1. “There is limited information as to the effectiveness of herbal products.”
2. “Antibiotics are the agents needed to treat a head cold.”
3. “The head cold should be gone within the month.”
4. “Combining herbal products with prescription antiviral medications is sure to help you.”
- At this time, there is no strong research evidence to warrant recommendations of herbal
products for management of colds; further study is needed to show evidence of therapeutic effects and
indications. Antibiotics are effective against bacteria; the head cold may have a viral cause. An
uncomplicated upper respiratory tract infection subsides within 2 to 3 weeks. There may be a drug-
drug interaction with herbal products and prescriptions.
CN: Basic care and comfort; CL: Synthesize
- At this time, there is no strong research evidence to warrant recommendations of herbal
- A nurse is teaching a client about taking antihistamines. Which of the following instructions
should the nurse include in the teaching plan? Select all that apply. - Operating machinery and driving may be dangerous while taking antihistamines.
- Continue taking antihistamines even if nasal infection develops.
- The effect of antihistamines is not felt until a day later.
- Do not use alcohol with antihistamines.
- Increase fluid intake to 2,000 mL/day.
- 1, 4, 5. Antihistamines have an anticholinergic action and a drying effect and reduce nasal,
salivary, and lacrimal gland hypersecretion (runny nose, tearing, and itching eyes). An adverse effect
is drowsiness, so operating machinery and driving are not recommended. There is also an additive
depressant effect when alcohol is combined with antihistamines, so alcohol should be avoided during
antihistamine use. The client should ensure adequate fluid intake of at least eight glasses per day due
to the drying effect of the drug. Antihistamines have no antibacterial action. The effect of
antihistamines is prompt, not delayed.
CN: Pharmacological and parenteral therapies; CL: Create
- A client with allergic rhinitis is instructed on the correct technique for using an intranasal
inhaler. Which of the following statements would demonstrate to the nurse that the client understands
the instructions? - “I should limit the use of the inhaler to early morning and bedtime use.”
- “It is important to not shake the canister because that can damage the spray device.”
- “I should hold one nostril closed while I insert the spray into the other nostril.”
- “The inhaler tip is inserted into the nostril and pointed toward the inside nostril wall.”
- When using an intranasal inhaler, it is important to close off one nostril while inhaling the
spray into the other nostril to ensure the best inhalation of the spray. Use of the inhaler is not limited
to mornings and bedtime. The canister should be shaken immediately before use. The inhaler tip
should be inserted into the nostril and pointed toward the outside nostril wall to maximize inhalation
of the medication.
CN: Pharmacological and parenteral therapies; CL: Evaluate
- When using an intranasal inhaler, it is important to close off one nostril while inhaling the
- Which of the following would be an expected outcome for a client recovering from an upper
respiratory tract infection? The client will: - Maintain a fluid intake of 800 mL every 24 hours.
- Experience chills only once a day.
- Cough productively without chest discomfort.
- Experience less nasal obstruction and discharge.
- A client recovering from an upper respiratory tract infection should report decreasing or no
nasal discharge and obstruction. Daily fluid intake should be increased to more than 1 L every 24
hours to liquefy secretions. The temperature should be below 100°F (37.8°C) with no chills or
diaphoresis. A productive cough with chest pain indicates a pulmonary infection, not an upper
respiratory tract infection.
CN: Physiological adaptation; CL: Evaluate
- A client recovering from an upper respiratory tract infection should report decreasing or no
- The nurse teaches the client how to instill nose drops. Which of the following techniques is
correct? - The client uses sterile technique when handling the dropper.
- The client blows the nose gently before instilling drops.
- The client uses a new dropper for each instillation.
- The client sits in a semi-Fowler’s position with the head tilted forward after administration of
the drops.
- The client should blow the nose before instilling nose drops. Instilling nose drops is a clean
technique. The dropper should be cleaned after each administration, but it does not need to be
changed. The client should assume a position that will allow the medication to reach the desired area;
this is usually a supine position.
CN: Pharmacological and parenteral therapies; CL: Evaluate
- The client should blow the nose before instilling nose drops. Instilling nose drops is a clean
- The nurse should include which of the following instructions in the teaching plan for a client
with chronic sinusitis? - Avoid the use of caffeinated beverages.
- Perform postural drainage every day.3. Take hot showers twice daily.
- Report a temperature of 102°F (38.9°C) or higher.
- The client with chronic sinusitis should be instructed to take hot showers in the morning and
evening to promote drainage of secretions. There is no need to limit caffeine intake. Performing
postural drainage will inhibit removal of secretions, not promote it. Clients should elevate the head of
the bed to promote drainage. Clients should report all temperatures higher than 100.4°F (38°C),
because a temperature that high can indicate infection.
CN: Reduction of risk potential; CL: Synthesize
- The client with chronic sinusitis should be instructed to take hot showers in the morning and
- A client with allergic rhinitis asks the nurse what to do to decrease the rhinorrhea. Which of
the following instructions would be appropriate for the nurse to give the client? - “Use your nasal decongestant spray regularly to help clear your nasal passages.”
- “Ask the doctor for antibiotics. Antibiotics will help decrease the secretion.”
- “It is important to increase your activity. A daily brisk walk will help promote drainage.”
- “Keep a diary of when your symptoms occur. This can help you identify what precipitates your
attacks.”
- It is important for clients with allergic rhinitis to determine the precipitating factors so that
they can be avoided. Keeping a diary can help identify these triggers. Nasal decongestant sprays
should not be used regularly because they can cause a rebound effect. Antibiotics are not appropriate
for allergic rhinitis because an infection is not present. Increasing activity will not control the client’s
symptoms; in fact, walking outdoors may increase them if the client is allergic to pollen.
CN: Health promotion and maintenance; CL: Synthesize
- It is important for clients with allergic rhinitis to determine the precipitating factors so that
- Guaifenesin 300 mg four times a day has been prescribed as an expectorant. The dosage strength of
the liquid is 200 mg/5 mL. How many milliliters should the nurse administer for each dose?
_______________________ mL.
- 7.5 mL
300 mg / x = 200 mg / 5 mml
x = 7.5 ml
CN: Pharmacological and parenteral therapies; CL: Apply
- Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) has been prescribed as a nasal decongestant. Which of the
following is a possible adverse effect of this drug? - Constipation.
- Bradycardia.
- Diplopia.
- Restlessness.
- Adverse effects of pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) are experienced primarily in the
cardiovascular system and through sympathetic effects on the central nervous system (CNS). The most
common CNS adverse effects include restlessness, dizziness, tension, anxiety, insomnia, and
weakness. Common cardiovascular adverse effects include tachycardia, hypertension, palpitations,
and arrhythmias. Constipation and diplopia are not adverse effects of pseudoephedrine. Tachycardia,
not bradycardia, is an adverse effect of pseudoephedrine.
CN: Pharmacological and parenteral therapies; CL: Analyze
- Adverse effects of pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) are experienced primarily in the
The Client Undergoing Nasal Surgery
10. A health care provider has just inserted nasal packing for a client with epistaxis. The client is
taking ramipril (Altace) for hypertension. What should the nurse instruct the client to do?
1. Use 81 mg of aspirin daily for relief of discomfort.
2. Omit the next dose of ramipril (Altace).
3. Remove the packing if there is difficulty swallowing.
4. Avoid rigorous aerobic exercise.
The Client Undergoing Nasal Surgery
10. 4. Epistaxis, or nosebleed, is a common, sudden emergency. Commonly, no apparent
explanation for the bleeding is known. With significant blood loss, systemic symptoms, such as
vertigo, increased pulse, shortness of breath, decreased blood pressure, and pallor, will occur.
Because aerobic exercise may increase blood pressure and increased blood pressure can cause
epistaxis, the client with hypertension should avoid it. Aspirin inhibits platelet aggregation, reducing
the ability of the blood to clot. The client should continue to take his antihypertension medication,
ramipril (Altace). Posterior nasal packing should be left in place for 1 to 3 days.
CN: Health promotion and maintenance; CL: Synthesize
- A client has had surgery for a deviated nasal septum. Which of the following would indicate
that bleeding was occurring even if the nasal drip pad remained dry and intact? - Nausea.
- Repeated swallowing.
- Increased respiratory rate.
- Increased pain.
- Because of the dense nasal packing, bleeding may not be apparent through the nasal drip
pad. Instead, the blood may run down the throat, causing the client to swallow frequently. The back of
the throat, where the blood will be apparent, can be assessed with a flashlight. An accumulation of
blood in the stomach can cause nausea and vomiting, but nausea would not be the initial indicator of
bleeding. An increased respiratory rate occurs in shock but is not an early sign of bleeding in a client
who has undergone nasal surgery. Increased pain warrants further assessment but is not an indicator
of bleeding.
CN: Reduction of risk potential; CL: Analyze
- Because of the dense nasal packing, bleeding may not be apparent through the nasal drip
- A client who has undergone outpatient nasal surgery is ready for discharge and has nasal
packing in place. Which of the following discharge instructions would be appropriate for the client? - Avoid activities that elicit the Valsalva maneuver.
- Take aspirin to control nasal discomfort.
- Avoid brushing the teeth until the nasal packing is removed.
- Apply heat to the nasal area to control swelling.
- The client should be instructed to avoid any activities that cause Valsalva’s maneuver (eg,constipation, vigorous coughing, exercise) in order to reduce bleeding and stress on suture lines. The
client should not take aspirin because of its antiplatelet properties, which may cause bleeding. Oral
hygiene is important to rid the mouth of old dried blood and to enhance the client’s appetite. Cool
compresses, not heat, should be applied to decrease swelling and control discoloration of the area.
CN: Physiological adaptation; CL: Create
- The client should be instructed to avoid any activities that cause Valsalva’s maneuver (eg,constipation, vigorous coughing, exercise) in order to reduce bleeding and stress on suture lines. The
- Which of the following statements should indicate to the nurse that a client has understood the
discharge instructions provided after nasal surgery? - “I should not shower until my packing is removed.”
- “I will take stool softeners and modify my diet to prevent constipation.”
- “Coughing every 2 hours is important to prevent respiratory complications.”
- “It is important to blow my nose each day to remove the dried secretions.”
- Constipation can cause straining during defecation, which can induce bleeding. Showering
is not contraindicated. The client should take measures to prevent coughing, which can cause
bleeding. The client should avoid blowing the nose for 48 hours after the packing is removed.
Thereafter, the client should blow the nose gently, using the open-mouth technique to minimize
bleeding in the surgical area.
CN: Physiological adaptation; CL: Evaluate
- Constipation can cause straining during defecation, which can induce bleeding. Showering
- The nurse is planning to give preoperative instructions to a client who will be undergoing
rhinoplasty. Which of the following instructions should be included? - After surgery, nasal packing will be in place for 7 to 10 days.
- Normal saline nose drops will need to be administered preoperatively.
- The results of the surgery will be immediately obvious postoperatively.
- Aspirin-containing medications should not be taken for 2 weeks before surgery.
- Aspirin-containing medications should be discontinued for 2 weeks before surgery to
decrease the risk of bleeding. Nasal packing is usually removed the day after surgery. Normal saline
nose drops are not routinely administered preoperatively. The results of the surgery will not be
obvious immediately after surgery because of edema and ecchymosis.
CN: Reduction of risk potential; CL: Create
- Aspirin-containing medications should be discontinued for 2 weeks before surgery to
- Which of the following assessments is a priority immediately after nasal surgery?
- Assessing the client’s pain.
- Inspecting for periorbital ecchymosis.
- Assessing respiratory status.
- Measuring intake and output.
- Immediately after nasal surgery, ineffective breathing patterns may develop as a result of
the nasal packing and nasal edema. Nasal packing may dislodge, leading to obstruction. Assessing for
airway obstruction is a priority. Assessing for pain is important, but it is not as high a priority as
assessment of the airways. It is too early to detect ecchymosis. Measuring intake and output is not
typically a priority nursing assessment after nasal surgery.
CN: Physiological adaptation; CL: Analyze
- Immediately after nasal surgery, ineffective breathing patterns may develop as a result of
- After nasal surgery, the client expresses concern about how to decrease facial pain and
swelling while recovering at home. Which of the following discharge instructions would be most
effective for decreasing pain and edema? - Take analgesics every 4 hours around the clock.2. Use corticosteroid nasal spray as needed to control symptoms.
- Use a bedside humidifier while sleeping.
- Apply cold compresses to the area.
- Applying cold compresses helps to decrease facial swelling and pain from edema.
Analgesics may decrease pain, but they do not decrease edema. A corticosteroid nasal spray would
not be administered postoperatively because it can impair healing. Use of a bedside humidifier
promotes comfort by providing moisture for nasal mucosa, but it does not decrease edema.
CN: Basic care and comfort; CL: Synthesize
- Applying cold compresses helps to decrease facial swelling and pain from edema.
17. A client is being discharged with nasal packing in place. The nurse should instruct the client to: 1. Perform frequent mouth care. 2. Use normal saline nose drops daily. 3. Sneeze and cough with mouth closed. 4. Gargle every 4 hours with salt water.
- Frequent mouth care is important to provide comfort and encourage eating. Mouth care
promotes moist mucous membranes. Nose drops cannot be used with nasal packing in place. When
sneezing and coughing, the client should do so with the mouth open to decrease the chance of
dislodging the packing. Gargling should not be attempted with packing in place.
CN: Basic care and comfort; CL: Create
- Frequent mouth care is important to provide comfort and encourage eating. Mouth care
- Which of the following activities should the nurse teach the client to implement after the
removal of nasal packing on the 2nd postoperative day? - Avoid cleaning the nares until swelling has subsided.
- Apply water-soluble jelly to lubricate the nares.
- Keep a nasal drip pad in place to absorb secretions.
- Use a bulb syringe to gently irrigate nares.
- After removal of nasal packing, the client should be instructed to apply water-soluble jelly
to the nares to lubricate the nares and promote comfort. Swelling gradually subsides over several
weeks; the client can gently clean the nares as soon as packing is removed. A nasal drip pad is not
needed after removal of packing. Irrigation with a bulb syringe may interfere with healing and
introduce infection.
CN: Basic care and comfort; CL: Synthesize
- After removal of nasal packing, the client should be instructed to apply water-soluble jelly
- The nurse is teaching a client how to manage a nosebleed. Which of the following
instructions would be appropriate to give the client? - “Tilt your head backward and pinch your nose.”
- “Lie down flat and place an ice compress over the bridge of the nose.”
- “Blow your nose gently with your neck flexed.”
- “Sit down, lean forward, and pinch the soft portion of your nose.”
- The client should assume a sitting position and lean forward. Firm pressure should be
applied to the soft portion of the nose for approximately 10 minutes. Tilting the head backward cancause the client to swallow blood, which can obscure the amount of bleeding and also can lead to
nausea. Ice compresses may be applied, but the client should not lie flat. Blowing the nose is to be
avoided because it can increase bleeding.
CN: Reduction of risk potential; CL: Synthesize
- The client should assume a sitting position and lean forward. Firm pressure should be
- An elderly client had posterior packing inserted to control a severe nosebleed. After
insertion of the packing, the client should be closely monitored for which of the following
complications? - Vertigo.
- Bell’s palsy.
- Hypoventilation.
- Loss of gag reflex.
- Posterior packing may alter the respiratory status of the client, especially in elderly clients,
causing hypoventilation. Clients should be observed carefully for changes in level of consciousness,
respiratory rate, and heart rate and rhythm after the insertion of the packing. Vertigo does not occur as
a result of the insertion of posterior packing. Bell’s palsy, a disorder of the seventh cranial nerve, is
not associated with epistaxis or nasal packing. Loss of gag reflex does not occur as a result of the
insertion of posterior packing.
CN: Reduction of risk potential; CL: Analyze
- Posterior packing may alter the respiratory status of the client, especially in elderly clients,
The Client with Cancer of the Larynx
21. Postoperative nursing management of the client following a radical neck dissection for
laryngeal cancer requires:
1. Complete bed rest minimizing head movement.
2. Vital signs once a shift.
3. Clear liquid diet started at 48 hours.
4. Frequent suctioning of the laryngectomy tube.
The Client with Cancer of the Larynx
21. 4. The nurse must maintain patency of the airway with frequent suctioning of the laryngectomy
tube that can become occluded from secretions, blood, and mucus plugs. Once the client is
hemodynamically stable, getting out of bed should be encouraged to prevent postoperative
complications. Vital signs should be monitored more frequently in a postoperative client. A swallow
study is done at approximately 5 to 7 days after surgery, prior to starting oral intake.
CN: Physiological adaptation; CL: Synthesize
- A client who has had a total laryngectomy appears withdrawn and depressed. The client
keeps the curtain drawn, refuses visitors, and indicates a desire to be left alone. Which nursing
intervention would most likely be therapeutic for the client? - Discussing the behavior with the spouse to determine the cause.
- Exploring future plans.
- Respecting the need for privacy.
- Encouraging expression of feelings nonverbally and in writing.
- The client has undergone body changes and permanent loss of verbal communication. He
may feel isolated and insecure. The nurse can encourage him to express his feelings and use this
information to develop an appropriate plan of care. Discussing the client’s behavior with his wife
may not reveal his feelings. Exploring future plans is not appropriate at this time because more
information about the client’s behavior is needed before proceeding to this level. The nurse can
respect the client’s need for privacy while also encouraging him to express his feelings.
CN: Psychosocial adaptation; CL: Synthesize
- The client has undergone body changes and permanent loss of verbal communication. He
- The nurse is suctioning a client who had a laryngectomy. What is the maximum amount of
time the nurse should suction the client? - 10 seconds.
- 15 seconds.
- 25 seconds.
- 30 seconds.
- A client should be suctioned for no longer than 10 seconds at a time. Suctioning for longer
than 10 seconds may reduce the client’s oxygen level so much that he becomes hypoxic.
CN: Reduction of risk potential; CL: Apply
- A client should be suctioned for no longer than 10 seconds at a time. Suctioning for longer
- When suctioning a tracheostomy tube 3 days following insertion, the nurse should follow
which of the following procedures? - Use a sterile catheter each time the client is suctioned.
- Clean the catheter in sterile water after each use and reuse for no longer than 8 hours.
- Protect the catheter in sterile packaging between suctioning episodes.
- Use a clean catheter with each suctioning, and disinfect it in hydrogen peroxide between uses.
- The recommended technique is to use a sterile catheter each time the client is suctioned.
There is a danger of introducing organisms into the respiratory tract when strict aseptic technique is
not used. Reusing a suction catheter is not consistent with aseptic technique. The nurse does not use a
clean catheter when suctioning a tracheostomy or a laryngectomy; it is a sterile procedure.
CN: Reduction of risk potential; CL: Apply
- The recommended technique is to use a sterile catheter each time the client is suctioned.