Test #4 (religion) Flashcards by jodie ho

who were christians associated with?

Jews

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difference between Christians and Jews

(70CE) the Jewish temple was destroyed
Jews had banished Christians from the synagogue
Christians (disappeared) started worshiping in their own houses

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the beneficial effect of Martyrdom

it was an attractive force

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why did population limit persecutions?

not enough Christians

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how did Rome’s opinion on other religions limit persecution?

they had a general tolerance of religions

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autonomy

independence

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Rome’s autonomy of governors

the governors did not care about rules because no one was enforcing them to follow rules (Rome was too big)

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Pliny’s description of the activities of Christians

sang hymns to Christ (like he is a God)
gather morning and nights
share meals together
take an oath: to not cheat, lie, steal

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why was superstition a reason for persecution?

any superstition that referred to the beliefs and practices were foreign and strange
superstition–>public welfare

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why was the age of Christianity a reason for persecution?

it was a new religion
the older the religion–> the truer it is (the farther back it was, the closer to the Gods it was)

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Justin Martyr response to “dishonoring the Roman Gods”

“We just can’t worship your gods. We pray for your emperor’s well-being and believe he’s there but under Gods will. “

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why was the keeping the stability of the empire a reason for persecution?

they belived there needs to be a balance between society and god.
if they did not respect them properly, it would lead to chaos.
Christians not worshiping Roman Gods was injuring the gods/society relationship

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apology

defense

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libellus

certificate/pamphlet proving you sacrificed to the Roman Gods

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lapsed

Christians who had a lapse in their faith (guys to sacrificed to the Roman Gods)

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confessor

people who confessed to being Christians during the edict

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rumors of christianity: theystean feasts

cannibalism
a Greek God that was tricked into eating his own children

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rumors of christianity: oedipean intercourse

incest
a Greek king who unknowingly married his mother

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rumors of christianity: atheism

christians not belived in the Roman Gods

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reason for Pliny/Trajan letter

Pliny ran into Christians and didn’t know what to do with them

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Pliny/Trajan letter: were Christian groups good?

no because they can turn into a secret society/political discord

Pliny/Trajan letter: were Christians guilty?

yes unless they recant

Pliny/Trajan letter: what do Christians do?

sing hymns
share a meal
take an oath

Did Trajan want to hunt Christians

no
they were not bad people

Justin Martyr: what crime are Christians guilty of?

being Christians

Justin Martyr: how to get justice against the Christians?

Inquire what Christians are actually doing and then come to a judgement.

Justin Martyr: what do Christians do together and after with the newly baptized?

pray for the baptized salute each other with a kiss

Justin Martyr: what is the Eucharist?

body and blood of Christ

Justin Martyr: what are Christians doing?

help the needy praise God through Jesus and the Holy Spirit Christians keep together donate to the church eat bread and wine

Justin Martyr: What day do they come together and why?

Sunday The day that God created the world Christ was resurrected on that day

occurrences in the Crisis of the Third Century

increased the military by half increased military pay by 50% (leading to debasing silver to pay soldiers) creation of the Gallic/Palmerian empire 50 emperors in a 30-year period plague Valarian was the first emperor to be captured in battle

Crisis of the Third Century importance

one reason for the general mandate (under Decius) for the worship of the Roman Gods

Decius

first emperor to make a empire mandate to sacrifice to the Roman Gods (not targeted towards Christians)

consequences of not following Decius

property confiscates imprisonment death

Decius effects on Christians

some fled some got fake libellus some sacrificed to Roman Gods martyred

how long did Decius rules last?

a few (2-3) years

Lapsed Christians: Novation

doesn’t want to let the lapsed totally back into the Church not allowed to take the Eucharist

Lapsed Christians: Cyprian of Carthage

they should be let back in after forgiveness winning opinion

Cyprian of Carthage

Bishop of Carthage wrote on the lapsed to give his opinion

Cyprian of Carthage Theme: View of the Confessors

thought they were brave/courageous (held them in high esteem)

Cyprian of Carthage Theme: Sacred Kiss

kiss to greet each other

Cyprian of Carthage Theme: Food of Heaven

the Eucharist

Cyprian of Carthage Theme: Persecutions

people weren't being good Christians so God had punished them

Cyprian of Carthage Theme: Penance

visible sign through deeds or words that somebody is sorry

Cyprian of Carthage Theme: Answering What ?

What should we do to the Christians that sacrificed to the Roman Gods?

Valerian

Roman emperor first person to persecute Christians

Valerian edicts

orders the persecution of all of Christian clergy forbids Christians to gather in large groups made church leaders to participate in pagan rituals took away status of higher Christians (recant or death)

Valerian magistrates

no because no one was making them enforce the rules

Valerian persecutions and afterward

lasted 2-3 years he gets captured in battle next emperor makes a long-lasting edict leaving Christians alone

Diocleation

roman emperor started the Great Persecution (10 years)

Diocleation edicts

Christian meetings=illegal Christian scriptures=destroyed Churches=destroyed Christian freedmen=re-enslaved Christian clergy=arrested People of the empire=perform public sacrifices

Edict of Milan

313 legitimated Christianity, does not make it official religion written by Constantine (thought maybe Christians worshiping their God is what the Romans need for their empire)