Chapters 7-9 (US History) Flashcards
Era of Good Feelings
after the War of 1812
one party existed (Democratic-Republican)
central government became stronger
McCulloh vs Maryland
a case when the Supreme Court said that only the federal government has the power to tax the states
Convention 1818
when US-Canadian border was set at the 49th parallel, west of the rocky mountains
Adams-Onis Treaty 1819
when Spain gave East Florida to US for $5 million
Monroe Doctrine 1823
by James Monroe
“any attempt by Europe to intervene in the western hemisphere is a threat to the US”
protective tariff
was to protect and promote American industry
Second Bank 1816
1 single currency
could ask for a loan
Tariff Act of 1816
tax on imported goods
increased conflict with the North & South
American System
proposed by Henry Clay
he wanted a protective tariff, national bank, and transportation
Old Hickory
nickname for Andrew Jackson
he was tough as hardwood
Spoils Systems
Andrew Jackson put unqualified people in the government
Trail of Tears
800 mile journey to go to Indian territory
1/4 of Indians died
present day Oaklahoma
Doctrine of Nullification
states had the right to refuse any act of congress deemed unconstitutional
Tariff Law 1828
same as law 1816
after passed, the south accused Congress of promoting North industry
British goods would be more expensive
Pet Banks
when state banks received money from federal funds because these states were loyal to Andrew Jackson
Francis Cabot Lowell
invented power loom
factory system
spinning thread to make weaving cloth
trade unions asking for reforms
to work shorter hours
to have better work conditions
Sara Bagley
wanted to change work day to 10 hours
organized female labor reform union
1860 largest group of immigrants
Irish immigrants
came because of potato famine and poverty
second largest group of immigrants
German immigrants
came because of religious and political reasons
nativism
favoring Native born Americans rather than foreign born
Know Nothing party
founded by Nativists
opposed Catholic Church
made life difficult for foreigners (becoming citizens, holding office, getting jobs, etc)
Antebellum
pre-civil war
Yeoman Farmers
small land owning farmers
Eli Whitney and Cotton Gin
he invented the Cotton Gin
could separate cotton seeds
overseer
person who supervised slaves on large plantations
Denmark Vassey
free African American who called for slave uprising
Nat Turner
led slave uprising
Underground Railroad
abolitionists who helped slaves escape to the North & Canada
Harriet Tubman
helped with Underground Railroad
sectionalism
loyal to one particular part of a country
Second Great Awakening
religious revival that spread throughout US in early 1800s
Great Awakening-split on what issue ?
slavery
Dorthea Dix
prison and mental health reformer
known for campaigning throughout the US for more mental health hospitals
Horace Mann
led education reform
got a higher pay for teachers
built more schools (3 teacher colleges)
temperance
movement to ban alcohol
18th Amendment (1919)
banned consumption/use of alcohol
speakeasies
underground/illegal bars
banning the consumption/use of alcohol led too…
-speakeasies
-moonshine
-imported alcohol
21st amendment (1933)
repealed the 18th amendment
William Lloyd Garrison and Liberation
abolitionist who authored the Liberator newspaper
Sojourner Truth
abolitionists
fought for women’s rights
changed her name after vision from God
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott
held 1st women’s rights convention
Seneca Falls Convention
held in Seneca, New York
home of the 1st women’s rights convention
Declaration of Sentiment
made after Declaration of Independence
“All men and women are created equal”
Susan B Anthony
campaigned for womens sufferage (voting rights)
persuaded University of Rochester to admit women
Lucy Stone
challenged traditional institution
didnt change her last name to her husbands after marriage
3 things women could not do in the mid 1800s
-vote
-hold office
-own property
