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'22-'23 > Chapters 15-19 (US History) > Flashcards

Chapters 15-19 (US History) Flashcards

1
Q

gilded age

A

time of political corruption, greed, fancy living, and economic/technological progress

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2
Q

Andrew Carnegie

A

philanthropist, built the steel empire

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3
Q

philanthropist

A

a wealthy person that gives money to support organizations

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4
Q

vertical integration

A

owners of a business involved in each step of the manufacturing process

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5
Q

John D Rockefeller

A

philanthropist, founded the Standard Oil Company, had a monopoly in the oil business

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6
Q

horizontal integration

A

combining companies into one large corporation

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7
Q

trust

A

companies that is under one board of directors that regulars production and eliminates companies

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8
Q

monopoly

A

economic control of an industry

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9
Q

social darwinism

A

“survival of the fittest”

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10
Q

where did new immigrants come from ?

A

Southern/Eastern Europe

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11
Q

why did immigrants come to America ?

A

economic reasons and religious persecution

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12
Q

challenges of immigrants

A

language barriers, low wages, unskilled jobs, getting them to unionize

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13
Q

Jane Addams

A

helped immigrants build settlement houses, known for Hull House, gave food and education to women/poor

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14
Q

reactions of Nativists to immigrants

A

feared/distrusted foreigners, believed foreigners took their jobs, fear of the pope and their connection w/catholics, believed that foreigners had different government ideas

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15
Q

William/”Boss Tweed” and political corruption

A

gave immigrants jobs/resources for their vote, defrauded NYC, used knockback and graft system, used his political power for personal gain

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16
Q

Tammany Hall (1789)

A

building, democratic political headquarters, started “Boss Tweed”

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17
Q

Thomas Nast

A

cartoonist who had exposed Tweed which had gotten him captured in spain

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18
Q

Anti-Saloon League and Women’s Christian Temperance Union

A

wanted to ban alcohol

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19
Q

WEB DuBois

A

advocate of civil rights

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20
Q

NAACP

A

wanted to end racial discrimation

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21
Q

National Urban League

A

wanted to improve job opportunities/housing for African Americans

22
Q

Muckcraker

A

photographers, cartoonists, journalists, writers that wanted to show Americas problems to bring awareness

23
Q

Lewis Hine

A

exposed child labor (which led to child labors laws)

24
Q

Ida Tarbell

A

exposed business ethics of the Standard Oil Company (brought the issue to the Supreme Court)

25
Q

Jacob Riis

A

photojournalist, exposed how the middle/lower class lived (which led to building codes and safety hazards)

26
Q

Upton Sinclair

A

wrote “The Jungle,” exposed dangerous working conditions and unsanitary procedures in the meat packing industry

27
Q

FDA

A

Food and Drug Administration

28
Q

Pure Food & Drug Act (1906)

A

all foods/medicines must have labels with food and side effects, regulated by the FDA

29
Q

Meat Inspection Act (1906)

A

meat products had to be inspected before, during, and after processing

30
Q

progressivism

A

to reform/change

31
Q

the populist party

A

political party, made up of farmers/laborers/reformers, wanted to increase government interaction

32
Q

what led to the creation of the populist party ?

A

growth of corporate power, panic of 1873 and 1893

33
Q

three progressive presidents

A

Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson

34
Q

Theodore Roosevelt and progressivism

A

“trust buster,” conservationist, slogan: “square deal, everyone has equal opportunity to succeed”

35
Q

16th amendment

A

graduated income tax, secret ballot

36
Q

17th amendment

A

allowed the direct election of senators

37
Q

William Taft and progressivism

A

broke trusts/monopolies, gave 8-hour workday, signed a bill for safety rules for mining

38
Q

downfall of Taft

A

signed Payne-Aldrich Bill which raised tariffs/taxes prices for consumers (even though he promised he wouldn’t)

39
Q

Woodrow Wilson and progressivism

A

broke up trusts/monopolies, slogan: “New Freedom” (strict government control over corporations)

40
Q

Federal Trade Commission (1914)

A

regulated businesses to stop unfair practices (still exists)

41
Q

Federal Reserve Act (1913)

A

government controlled the nation’s money supply/interest rates, government regulated banking

42
Q

Workingman Compensation Act (1916)

A

provided wages if you were temporarily disabled from an accident on the job (still exists)

43
Q

Underwood Act (1913)

A

created graduated income tax, lowered taxes on imported goods

44
Q

graduated income tax

A

the more you make, the more you pay

45
Q

initiative

A

allows voters to introduce a new legislation

46
Q

referendum

A

allows citizens to place a law on the ballot for public approval

47
Q

recall

A

voters can remove an official by calling a special election

48
Q

Progressive Era (1890-1929)

A

gave Americans more protection, control of their businesses and private lives

49
Q

Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890)

A

outlawed monopolies and trusts

50
Q

Clayton Anti-Trust Act (1914)

A

spelled out specific activities that businesses couldn’t engage in

51
Q

18th Amendment (1919)

A

banned the making, selling, and transporting of alcohol

52
Q

19th Amendment (1920)

A

gave women the right to vote

'22-'23 (15 decks)

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