Test 4 (gymno/angio Sperms Flashcards
Gymnosperms are often refer to as “_____”
Naked seeds
Gymnosperms bear____
Seeds
Gymnosperms have ____ tissue
Vascular tissue
There are _____ species of gymnosperms
700-900
Gymnosperms have roots that extend over a ____
Wide surface area
Gymnosperms are dividded into 4 phyla and describe them
1.cycadophyta - • fleshy stems and leathery, feather like leaves, •have motile sperm that swim to the egg,
•can grow to 19m in height
2. Ginkgophyta-
•dioecious,
•have seperate male and female trees, fruit of female smell foul,
•leaves are fan shaped and thick with leatherly veins, have motile Sperm that swim to the egg in ovule
3. Gnetophyta-
•can be found as shrubs, vines ..etc,
•have sperm w no flagella that travel to the egg via pollen tube,
4. Coniferophyta-
•many are ever green and retain leaves in winter,
•can grow very large and to old ages,
•adapted to sever climate changes,
•leaves are covered with waxy cuticles and need shaped ,
•stomata are sunken below leaf,
•have sperm w no flagella that travel to egg via polling
Difference between gameophytes and sporophytes
Gameophytes- haploid plants that use mitosis to make haploid gametes
Sporophytes- diploid paint that uses mitosis To make diploid gametes
Gameophytes are ____ in size
Reduced
Swimming sperms are replaced with ____ (in conifers and gnetophyes)
Pollen
Gymnosperms ecological roles (3)
Help to maintain balanced levels of gases in the atmosphere
Act as food and shelter for other organism
Control flooding and erosion by absorbing rainwater they roots and holding soil in place
Economical roles of gymnosperms (4)
Provides 85% of all wood used in buildings and furniture
Pulp and paper industry
Used to varnish, disinfectant, paint and some soaps and purfume
Some types are edible
Pine reproduction ~ megaspores produce ___ which is
Archegonium (female sex organ) with egg
Pine reproduction ~ microspores are the ___
Pollen grains
Pine reproduction process ?
Pollen lands on female gametophte and forms a pollen tube to the archegonia and the egg thru which the sperm will travel zygote forms in the middle of female gameophytes which serves as its food
Angiosperms are the most ___
Widespread land plants
There are ___ own species of angiosperms
250,000-400,000
Angiosperms are ___ plants
Vascularized plants
Angiosperms have specialized_____ and____
Xylem and phloem
Angiosperms have a ____ male and female gametophyte (__ cells) for male and (__ cells) for female
Which decreases the time needed in which to ____
Reduced
(3 cells)
(2 cells)
Reproduce
Flowers are the reproductive organs of the ____
Angiosperms
Flowers arise most commonly from the ____ or ___ of a leaf
Shoot
Axil
Flowers have ___ and ___
And describe the colours
Sepals - green , protects bud of flower as it grows
Petals- clouded and delicate structure that attracts pollinators by color scent and nectar
Incomplete flowers are missing one or more of the four main parts of a flower which are…
Sepals
Petals
Stamen
Pistil
Flowers ~ androecium are comprised of one or more whorls of ___
Stamen
Flowers~ Androecium produces microspores in stamen which undergo meiosis to Produce ___ which covers the ___
Pollen
Anthers
Make sure to study the parts of the flower
B
Flowers ~ I Gynoecium are comprised of one or more ___
Pistil
Flowers ~ pistils are made up on the ___ and ____
Stigma and style
Flowers~ The stigma is the ___
Sticky tip
Flowers~ double fertilization occurs in ____
Angiosperms
Flowers~ endosperms are the highly ____ tissue that provides food for embryo
Nutritive
Flowers ~ seeds are often ____ by _____ in angiosperms
Enclosed by fruits
Give examples of Monocot and dicots
Monocots- grasses, tulips, lillies
Dicot- maple, oak, elm
Monocots and dicot leaf veins are
Monocots- parallel
Dicot- networked
of cotyledon in monocot and dicot is
Monocot- one, single
Dicot- two, double
What are the vascular tissue of Monocot and dicot
Monocot - bundles
Dicot- rings
Monocot and dicot roots are ___
Monocot- fibrous
Dicot- taproots
Monocot and dicot t roots have __% of angiosperms
Monocot- 23%
Dicot - 75%
Why are angiosperms more successful than gymnosperms in land environment (4)
- seed more protected
- herbaceous soft tissue bake to drive 1 to a few years
- xylem cells more efficient
- not reliant upon wind
Flowers- ecological importance include
Food and habitat for wild life
Soil retention
Stolin=
Pistil=
Vocab: female / male
Stolin= male Pistil= female
Angiosperms are ____
Flowers
Kingdom plantae consists of (5)
Green algae, mosses, ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms
Seed coat forms around zygote to aid in ____
Dispersal
The anther is the ___ part and it produces ____
Male part, produces pollen
The stamen is the female or male part
Male
The stamen includes the
Anther and filament
Anther produces __
Pollen
The pistil is made outta ___ (3)
Stigma, style, ovary
The ovary will ripen into a ___
Fruit
Androcium is the ___ of the flower
Stamen
