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Contrast Media > Test 4 Contrast Media > Flashcards

Test 4 Contrast Media Flashcards

1
Q

The oldest form of contrast that ionizes in a solution and has an increased risk of reaction.

A

HOCM

High-Osmolar Contrast Media

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2
Q

Nonionic form of contrast that dissolves in water, but does not dissociate.

A

LOCM

Low-Osmolar Contrast Media

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3
Q

Between HOCM and LOCM, which is a patient more likely to have a reaction to?

A

HOCM

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4
Q

The newest form of Contrast media, nonionic. 2 Benzene rings

A

IOCM

Iso-Osmolar Contrast Media

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5
Q

As viscosity decreases, toxicity…

A

Decreases

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6
Q

Amount of time contrast should be excreted from the body.

A

2 hours

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7
Q

Name severe signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction to iodinated contrast.

A 
Laryngeal edema
Hypotension
Shock
Unresponsiveness
Convulsions
Cardiac Arrest
Respiratory Arrest
Arrhythmia
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8
Q

A severe hypersensitivity reaction seen with bee stings, latex, and food allergies.

A

Anaphylactic Shock

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9
Q

A severe hypersensitivity, that may occur after a single exposure, usually to iodinated contrast media.

A

Anaphylactoid Shock

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10
Q

Names of drugs that should be available to patients experiencing an anaphylactoid reaction.

A 
Albuterol
Atropine
Benadryl
Epinephrin
Diazepam
Nitroglycerin
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11
Q

In contrast media, the closer the number is to (blank) the better.
*List number and reference

A

290, number for plasma

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12
Q

The normal limits for an adult BUN

Blood, urea, nitrogen

A

6-20 mg/dL

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13
Q

Normal limits for an adult creatinine

A

0.6-1.3 mg/dL

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14
Q

What information is a BUN providing?

A

Hydration status of a patient, not an indicator of function.

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15
Q

What information is a creatinine reading providing?

A

Renal function

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16
Q

Normal limits of an adult GFR

A

60+

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17
Q

Inflammation from contrast extravasation reaches its peak within how many hours?

A

24-48 hours

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18
Q

Remember your A,B,C’s

A

Airway, Breathing, Circulation

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19
Q

Ductless endocrine glands that secrete epinephrine and cortical hormones.

A

Suprarenal or adrenal glands

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20
Q

Signs and symptoms of infiltration..

A 
Pain
Swelling
Erythema
Ulceration
Necrosis
Decreased capillary refill
Temperature/color changes distal to site
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21
Q

How long should a patient withhold metformin or glygogayne after administering contrast?

A

48 hours

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22
Q

Bean shaped organ divided into upper and lower poles.

A

Kidney

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23
Q

This kidney is slightly lower than the other.

A

Right

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24
Q

This kidney is slightly longer and narrower than the other.

A

Left

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25
Outer covering of the kidneys, continuous with the outer coat of the ureter.
Renal capsule
26
located on the medial border of the kidneys to allow the transmission of blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and the ureter.
Hilum
27
Outer portion of the kidney
Renal cortex
28
Inner portion of the kidney, containing 8-15 renal pyramids.
Renal Medulla
29
Functioning cell of the kidneys
Nephron
30
Formed by a minute branch of the renal artery that divides into capillaries and reunites
Glomerulus
31
Function of the Glomerulus
Filter Blood
32
Vessel entering the Bowman's capsule
Afferent Arteriole
33
Vessel leaving the Glomerular Capsule
Efferent Arteriole
34
Portions of the renal tubule.
Proximal convoluted tubule, loop of henle, & distal convoluted tubule.
35
Functions of the kidneys.
Filter blood, maintain electrolyte balance, & produce renin (regulates BP)
36
Cup shaped stems that enclose one or more renal papilla.
Calyces
37
Located between the minor calyces and the renal pelvis
Major Calyces
38
Renal pelvis transitions to ureter at this location.
Ureteropelvic junction (UPJ)
39
Conveys urine from the kidneys to the bladder
Ureter
40
Reservoir for urine
Bladder
41
Triangular area of the bladder base between openings of the UVJ and urethra.
Trigone
42
Folds of the bladder
Rugae
43
Typical bladder capacity, when full
500 mL
44
Conveys urine from bladder to outside of body
Urethra
45
Small glandular body surrounding proximal portion of male urethra
Prostate
46
Increased blood pressure to the kidneys
Renal HTN
47
Backward flow of urine from bladder into ureters
Vesicoureteral reflux
48
Kidney that does not ascend into the abdomen
Pelvic kidney
49
Presence of one kidney as a result of renal agenesis, dysplasia, or removal
Solitary kidney
50
"U" shaped kidney
Horseshoe kidney
51
Dilation of terminal ureter within the bladder
Ureterocele
52
Bladder infection
Cystitis
53
Calculus filling the entire renal pelvis
Staghorn calculus
54
Urine trapped inside the kidney
Hydronephrosis
55
Numerous enlarged cysts on the kidneys
Polycystic kidney disease
56
Childhood renal cancer
Wilm's tumor
57
Contrast entering in the normal direction of blood flow
Antegrade
58
puncture directly into the renal pelvis for contrast administration
Percutaneous antegrade urography
59
Filling of the urinary tract against the normal flow
Retrograde
60
Investigation of the renal pelvis and calyces
Pyelography
61
Sometimes used to slow the flow of contrast enhanced urine into the bladder in order to demonstrate renal pelvis filling
Ureteral compression
62
Ideal centering placement for ureteral compression
ASIS
63
Respiration phase for examinations of the urinary tract
End of expiration
64
Exam that demonstrates structures and function of kidneys as contrast follows excretion route and contrast is filtered from blood.
Intravenous (excretory) urography
65
Possible contraindications for performing an IVU
``` Asthma Previous Contrast reaction Circulatory or CV disease Elevated creatinine Sickle cell anemia Diabetes Multiple Myeloma ```
66
A postvoid IVU image is taken for what two reasons?
Look for small tumors and in males, an enlarged prostate.
67
The kidneys demonstrate the greatest amount of contrast concentration in this time frame.
15-20 minutes
68
This is the "blush" stage of contrast in the kidney
Nephrogram
69
Size of IR for AP projection of the urinary system.
14x17
70
Reason to image AP urinary system upright.
Demonstrate opacified bladder and kidney mobility.
71
The CR should be centered here for an AP Urinary System
Iliac Crest
72
The image should be marked with this, in addition to the personalized R/L marker when completing an IVU.
Time marker
73
Amount of angulation of MCP to IR for AP oblique of urinary system.
30 degrees
74
The right kidney is in this position when a patient is placed LPO for an AP projection of the urinary system.
Parallel
75
The right kidney is in this position when a patient is placed RPO for an AP projection of the urinary system.
Perpendicular
76
This plane should be centered to the midline of the grid for a lateral projection of the urinary system.
Midcoronal plane
77
This projection shows the urinary system, illustrating conditions such as rotation or pressure displacement of a kidney and localizes tumors or masses.
Latteral
78
Most exams of these organs are done retrograde.
Bladder Lower ureters Urethra Prostate
79
The IR must be centered here for an AP axial bladder voiding study.
Level of the symphysis
80
The degree and angulation needed for an AP axial bladder
10-15 caudad
81
The degree and angulation needed for a PA axial bladder.
10-15 cephalic
82
Where the central ray should enter on a PA axial bladder.
1 inch distal the coccyx
83
Amount of angulation required for an AP oblique bladder.
40-60 degrees
84
This can be done on an AP oblique bladder images when the neck of the bladder and the proximal urethra is of primary interest.
10 degrees caudal angulation to project pubic bones below
85
This projection will demonstrate the anterior and posterior walls of the bladder
Lateral

Contrast Media (5 decks)

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