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Contrast Media > Test 4 Contrast Media > Flashcards

Test 4 Contrast Media Flashcards

1
Q

The oldest form of contrast that ionizes in a solution and has an increased risk of reaction.

A

HOCM

High-Osmolar Contrast Media

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2
Q

Nonionic form of contrast that dissolves in water, but does not dissociate.

A

LOCM

Low-Osmolar Contrast Media

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3
Q

Between HOCM and LOCM, which is a patient more likely to have a reaction to?

A

HOCM

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4
Q

The newest form of Contrast media, nonionic. 2 Benzene rings

A

IOCM

Iso-Osmolar Contrast Media

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5
Q

As viscosity decreases, toxicity…

A

Decreases

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6
Q

Amount of time contrast should be excreted from the body.

A

2 hours

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7
Q

Name severe signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction to iodinated contrast.

A 
Laryngeal edema
Hypotension
Shock
Unresponsiveness
Convulsions
Cardiac Arrest
Respiratory Arrest
Arrhythmia
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8
Q

A severe hypersensitivity reaction seen with bee stings, latex, and food allergies.

A

Anaphylactic Shock

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9
Q

A severe hypersensitivity, that may occur after a single exposure, usually to iodinated contrast media.

A

Anaphylactoid Shock

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10
Q

Names of drugs that should be available to patients experiencing an anaphylactoid reaction.

A 
Albuterol
Atropine
Benadryl
Epinephrin
Diazepam
Nitroglycerin
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11
Q

In contrast media, the closer the number is to (blank) the better.
*List number and reference

A

290, number for plasma

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12
Q

The normal limits for an adult BUN

Blood, urea, nitrogen

A

6-20 mg/dL

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13
Q

Normal limits for an adult creatinine

A

0.6-1.3 mg/dL

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14
Q

What information is a BUN providing?

A

Hydration status of a patient, not an indicator of function.

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15
Q

What information is a creatinine reading providing?

A

Renal function

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16
Q

Normal limits of an adult GFR

A

60+

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17
Q

Inflammation from contrast extravasation reaches its peak within how many hours?

A

24-48 hours

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18
Q

Remember your A,B,C’s

A

Airway, Breathing, Circulation

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19
Q

Ductless endocrine glands that secrete epinephrine and cortical hormones.

A

Suprarenal or adrenal glands

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20
Q

Signs and symptoms of infiltration..

A 
Pain
Swelling
Erythema
Ulceration
Necrosis
Decreased capillary refill
Temperature/color changes distal to site
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21
Q

How long should a patient withhold metformin or glygogayne after administering contrast?

A

48 hours

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22
Q

Bean shaped organ divided into upper and lower poles.

A

Kidney

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23
Q

This kidney is slightly lower than the other.

A

Right

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24
Q

This kidney is slightly longer and narrower than the other.

A

Left

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25
Q

Outer covering of the kidneys, continuous with the outer coat of the ureter.

A

Renal capsule

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26
Q

located on the medial border of the kidneys to allow the transmission of blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and the ureter.

A

Hilum

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27
Q

Outer portion of the kidney

A

Renal cortex

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28
Q

Inner portion of the kidney, containing 8-15 renal pyramids.

A

Renal Medulla

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29
Q

Functioning cell of the kidneys

A

Nephron

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30
Q

Formed by a minute branch of the renal artery that divides into capillaries and reunites

A

Glomerulus

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31
Q

Function of the Glomerulus

A

Filter Blood

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32
Q

Vessel entering the Bowman’s capsule

A

Afferent Arteriole

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33
Q

Vessel leaving the Glomerular Capsule

A

Efferent Arteriole

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34
Q

Portions of the renal tubule.

A

Proximal convoluted tubule, loop of henle, & distal convoluted tubule.

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35
Q

Functions of the kidneys.

A

Filter blood, maintain electrolyte balance, & produce renin (regulates BP)

36
Q

Cup shaped stems that enclose one or more renal papilla.

37
Q

Located between the minor calyces and the renal pelvis

A

Major Calyces

38
Q

Renal pelvis transitions to ureter at this location.

A

Ureteropelvic junction (UPJ)

39
Q

Conveys urine from the kidneys to the bladder

40
Q

Reservoir for urine

41
Q

Triangular area of the bladder base between openings of the UVJ and urethra.

42
Q

Folds of the bladder

43
Q

Typical bladder capacity, when full

44
Q

Conveys urine from bladder to outside of body

45
Q

Small glandular body surrounding proximal portion of male urethra

46
Q

Increased blood pressure to the kidneys

47
Q

Backward flow of urine from bladder into ureters

A

Vesicoureteral reflux

48
Q

Kidney that does not ascend into the abdomen

A

Pelvic kidney

49
Q

Presence of one kidney as a result of renal agenesis, dysplasia, or removal

A

Solitary kidney

50
Q

“U” shaped kidney

A

Horseshoe kidney

51
Q

Dilation of terminal ureter within the bladder

A

Ureterocele

52
Q

Bladder infection

53
Q

Calculus filling the entire renal pelvis

A

Staghorn calculus

54
Q

Urine trapped inside the kidney

A

Hydronephrosis

55
Q

Numerous enlarged cysts on the kidneys

A

Polycystic kidney disease

56
Q

Childhood renal cancer

A

Wilm’s tumor

57
Q

Contrast entering in the normal direction of blood flow

58
Q

puncture directly into the renal pelvis for contrast administration

A

Percutaneous antegrade urography

59
Q

Filling of the urinary tract against the normal flow

A

Retrograde

60
Q

Investigation of the renal pelvis and calyces

A

Pyelography

61
Q

Sometimes used to slow the flow of contrast enhanced urine into the bladder in order to demonstrate renal pelvis filling

A

Ureteral compression

62
Q

Ideal centering placement for ureteral compression

63
Q

Respiration phase for examinations of the urinary tract

A

End of expiration

64
Q

Exam that demonstrates structures and function of kidneys as contrast follows excretion route and contrast is filtered from blood.

A

Intravenous (excretory) urography

65
Q

Possible contraindications for performing an IVU

A 
Asthma
Previous Contrast reaction
Circulatory or CV disease
Elevated creatinine
Sickle cell anemia
Diabetes
Multiple Myeloma
66
Q

A postvoid IVU image is taken for what two reasons?

A

Look for small tumors and in males, an enlarged prostate.

67
Q

The kidneys demonstrate the greatest amount of contrast concentration in this time frame.

A

15-20 minutes

68
Q

This is the “blush” stage of contrast in the kidney

A

Nephrogram

69
Q

Size of IR for AP projection of the urinary system.

70
Q

Reason to image AP urinary system upright.

A

Demonstrate opacified bladder and kidney mobility.

71
Q

The CR should be centered here for an AP Urinary System

A

Iliac Crest

72
Q

The image should be marked with this, in addition to the personalized R/L marker when completing an IVU.

A

Time marker

73
Q

Amount of angulation of MCP to IR for AP oblique of urinary system.

A

30 degrees

74
Q

The right kidney is in this position when a patient is placed LPO for an AP projection of the urinary system.

75
Q

The right kidney is in this position when a patient is placed RPO for an AP projection of the urinary system.

A

Perpendicular

76
Q

This plane should be centered to the midline of the grid for a lateral projection of the urinary system.

A

Midcoronal plane

77
Q

This projection shows the urinary system, illustrating conditions such as rotation or pressure displacement of a kidney and localizes tumors or masses.

78
Q

Most exams of these organs are done retrograde.

A

Bladder
Lower ureters
Urethra
Prostate

79
Q

The IR must be centered here for an AP axial bladder voiding study.

A

Level of the symphysis

80
Q

The degree and angulation needed for an AP axial bladder

A

10-15 caudad

81
Q

The degree and angulation needed for a PA axial bladder.

A

10-15 cephalic

82
Q

Where the central ray should enter on a PA axial bladder.

A

1 inch distal the coccyx

83
Q

Amount of angulation required for an AP oblique bladder.

A

40-60 degrees

84
Q

This can be done on an AP oblique bladder images when the neck of the bladder and the proximal urethra is of primary interest.

A

10 degrees caudal angulation to project pubic bones below

85
Q

This projection will demonstrate the anterior and posterior walls of the bladder

Contrast Media (5 decks)

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