Test 2 chapter 16 and part 1 of 17 Flashcards
1
Q
Abdominopelvic Cavity has two parts
A
Superior-larger abdominal cavity
Inferior-smaller pelvic cavity
2
Q
Abdominal cavity is located where
A
Diaphragm to superior aspect of bony pelvis
3
Q
Abdominal cavity includes
A
- Stomach
- Large and Small Intestines
- Liver
- Gallbladder
- Spleen
- Pancreas
- Kidneys
4
Q
Pelvic cavity is located where
A
Within the boney Pelvis
5
Q
Pelvic cavity includes
A
- Rectum
- Sigmoid
- Urinary bladder
- Reproductive organs
6
Q
Abdominopelvic cavity is enclosed by a double-walled sac called
A
Peritoneum
7
Q
The outer portion of the sac, closest to the abdominal wall and diaphragm
A
Parietal peritoneum
8
Q
The inner portion of the sac, over/around the actual organs
A
Visceral peritoneum
9
Q
The two peritoneum fold
A
Mesentary and Omenta
10
Q
Purpose of Mesentary and Omenta
A
Support the viscera
11
Q
Space between layers of peritoneum containing serous fluid
A
Peritoneal cavity
12
Q
Cavity behind the peritoneum
A
Retroperitoneum
13
Q
The retroperitoneum is found where and contains what
A
Medial and posterior to the abdominal cavity
Contains the pancreas and the kidneys
14
Q
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA)
A
Localized dilation of abdominal aorta
15
Q
Bowel Obstruction
A
Blockage of bowel lumen
16
Q
Ileus
A
Failure of bowel peristalsis
17
Q
Pneumoperitoneum
A
Air in the peritoneal cavity
18
Q
NPO
A
Nil per os - nothing by mouth
19
Q
What is the largest gland in the body
A
Liver
20
Q
The diaphragm’s surface is
A
Convex
21
Q
The liver eliminates waste from what
A
RBC’s
22
Q
The position of this gland will vary depending on a persons body habitus
A
Gallbladder
23
Q
The head of the Pancreas is embedded in the
A
Duodeum
24
Q
What gland regulates sugar metabolism
A
Pancreas
25
The Spleen stores
Dying or dead RBC's
26
This can be viewed with or without contrast
Spleen
27
What are the two part of the Digestive System
Alimentary Canal
| Accessory Glands
28
Where is the Alimentary canal located and what does it contain
Extends from the mouth to the anus, includes:
- mouth
- pharynx
- esophagus
- stomach
- small intestine and large intestine
29
What are the Accessory glands and what do they do
Secrete enzymes into the Alimentary canal, includes:
- Liver
- Gallbladder
- Salivary glands
- Pancreas
30
The Diaphragmatic surface of the liver is
Convex and conforms to the undersurface of the diaphragm
31
The Visceral surface of the liver is
Concave and rests on the right kidney
32
What divides the liver into the large right and smaller left lobes
Falciform ligament
33
The 2 minor lobes of the liver, located on the medial side of the right lobe (near the gallbladder) are
Caudate lobe-posterior surface
| Quadrate lobe-inferior surface
34
Blood vessels enter and exit the liver through this
Porta Hepatis aka Hilum of the liver
35
Porta hepatis/ Hilum is located
transversely between the minor lobes
36
The Liver and Biliary system have this type of blood supply
Dual blood supply
37
Dual blood is supplied through the
Portal vein and Hepatic artery
38
Where do the Portal vein and Hepatic artery enter the liver
At the Porta Hepatis/ Hilum and branch out
39
Portal Vein ends
In the Sinusoids
40
Hepatic Artery ends
In the Capillaries that communicate with the sinusoids
41
How does the Portal System work
Nutrient and bacteria-rich blood from the intestines, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen converge to liver where liver modifies the blood and sends blood to the inferior vena cava via the haptic veins
42
Liver Functions
- Formation of Bile (1-3 pints per day)
- Eliminates waste from RBC's
- Aids in emulsification and assimilation of fats
- Produces Glycogen from Glucose
- Removes poison and bacteria from blood
43
Biliary System
Excretory system
| consists of Bile ducts and Gallbladder
44
2 main ducts in Biliary system
Common Hepatic Duct and Cystic Duct
45
Common Hepatic and Cystic ducts together form
The Common Bile Duct
46
Common Bile Duct meets the Pancreatic Duct at
Hepatopancreatic Ampulla or Ampulla of Vater
47
The Hepatopancreatic ampulla opens into
The duodenum
48
What happens to bile during interdigestive periods
Most of the bile goes to the gallbladder
49
What happens to bile during digestion
The sphincter relaxes and permits bile to flow into the duodenum
50
This gland is thin-walled and pear shaped sac
Gallbladder
51
Gallbladder is located
small fossa of the visceral surface of right liver
52
What is the capacity of the Gallbladder
2 oz.
53
Purpose of the Gallbladder
Concentrates and stores bile, contracts and releases the bile during digestion
54
Radiographically what is the most important info obtained from the Liver?
Bile.
55
Elongated gland on posterior abdominal wall extending from the duodenum to the spleen
Pancreas
56
Pancreatic head is located
Enclosed in the duodenum at L-2-3
57
Pancreatic neck and body location
Transverse behind the stomach, in front of the left kidney and terminates near the spleen
58
Can the Pancreas be seen on plain radiographs?
No, possibly CT
59
Pancreas is what kind of gland
Exocrine, Endocrine
60
Pancreatic Exocrine functions
Lobules with duct system
| -Produces pancreatic juices
61
Pancreatic Endocrine functions
Clusters of Islet cells-Islet of Langerhans
- Produce insulin and glucagon
- Does NOT communicate with ducts
62
This organ is not a gland but belongs to the lymphatic system
Spleen
63
Ductless, gland-like organ
Spleen
64
What does the spleen produce
Lymphocytes
65
This organ stores and removes dying or dead RBC's
Spleen
66
Where is the Spleen located
Oblique position in the LUQ (left upper quad) below diaphragm and behind the stomach and above the left kidney
67
Biliary Stenosis
Narrowing of bile ducts
68
Cholecystitis
Inflammation of gallbladder
69
Choledocholithiasis
Calculus in common bile duct
70
Cholelithiasis
Gallstones
71
Pancreatitis
Inflammation of pancreas
72
Chole-
Relationship with bile
73
Cysto-
Bag or sac
74
Choledocho-
Common bile duct
75
Cholangio-
Bile ducts in general
76
Cholecyst-
Gallbaldder
77
What modality is good for imaging gallstones?
Ultrasound
78
Cholegraphy
Radiographic study of biliary system
79
Cholecystography
Radiographic study of the gallbladder
80
Cholangiography
Exam of the biliary ducts
81
All imaging of biliary tract is done with what type of breathing
Suspended respiration
82
Nuc-Med studies
The function of anatomy
83
What instructions are patients given before a gallbladder ultrasound?
NPO nothing by mouth
84
Pre-operative radiologic exam of the biliary tree is called
PTC- Percutaneous (through the skin) Transhepatic (through the liver) Cholangiography (exam of the biliary ducts)
85
PTC's are used for
Patients with Jaundice and a CT or ultrasound has shown dilation
86
How is a PTC performed?
- Patient is placed supine
- Right side prepped (sight of entrance)
- Local anesthetic
- Chiba needle (long thin) placed intercostally (between the ribs)
- Needle is withdrawn under fluro until contrast fills the biliary tree
87
Postoperative (T-Tube) Cholangiography
Exams of the biliary tracts using a T-shaped catheter left in the common hepatic and bile duct for post-op drainage
88
When taking a scout KUB during a Post-Op Cholangiogram what do you do differently from a plain radiograph?
Center higher than a normal KUB to be sure you included the Liver
89
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
Used to diagnose biliary and pancreatic conditions.
90
How is an ERCP performed?
Endoscope is passed through the mouth and into the duodenum under fluro.
-Pt must be NPO 1-10 hours AFTER the procedure
91
An allergy to iodinated contrast is not a contraindication for ERCP, why?
You're putting the contrast into the biliary not the blood stream. You are less likely to have a reaction when the contrast is not going to enter your blood stream
92
Why might you see a "stump" during an ERCP with contrast?
The gallbladder is gone.
93
Right and Left Hepatic form
The common hepatic duct
94
What does the Portal Vein do
Bring blood from the bowels to the liver
