Test 3 Contrast Media Flashcards
How long is the alimentary canal
30 feet
Name the layers of the alimentary canal (Esophagus and Stomach and Small Intestine and Large Intestine)
Fibrous
Muscular
Submucosal
Mucosal
Where does the esophagus originate at?
C-6, mid-sag
The esophagus lies anterior or posterior to the trachea?
Posterior
Where does the esophagus join the stomach
Esophagastric junction/cardiac antrum
This is the dilated sac-like portion of the alimentary canal that is located between the esophagus and the small intestine.
Stomach
This is the superior portion of the stomach, when upright, usually seen as an air bubble on a radiograph.
Fundus
The portion of the stomach that communicates with the duodenum.
Pyloric Portion
The (BLANK) of the stomach is the right border that begins at the esophagogastric junction and ends at the pyloris.
Lesser Curvature
The (BLANK) of the stomach begins at the cardiac notch and ends at the pyloris.
Greater Curvature
The opening between the esophagus and the stomach.
Cardiac Orifice
The opening between the stomach and the duodenum
Pyloric Orifice
Where is the stomach located on a patient with a hypersthenic body habitus?
Horizontal and high
Where is the stomach located on a patient with an asthenic body habitus?
Low and vertical
Name two functions of the stomach
Food storage
Break down food chemically and mechanically
The mixture of food and secretions of the stomach is termed
Chyme
This extends from the pyloric sphincter to the ileocecal valve
Small Intestine
What is the average length of the small intestine?
22 feet
The finger-like projections that assist in the absorption and digestion in the small intestine is called?
Villi
How many layers does the small intestine have?
4
How many and what are the portions of the small intestine?
3:
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
How long is the duodenum
8-10 inches long
The first portion of the duodenum is the
Duodenal bulb
The hepatopancreatic ampulla opens into the…
Greater Duodenal Papilla
Where does the duodenum join the jejunum?
Duodenojejunal flexure
The freely movable loops of the small intestine are termed
Gyri
Name the parts of the large intestine
Cecum
Colon
Rectum
Anal Canal
How long is the large intestine?
5 feet long
These are thickened bands of external longitudinal muscle
Taeniae Coli
These are a series of pouches that make up the large intestine
Haustra
Name a function of the large intestine:
Reabsorption
Elimination
The pouch-like portion of the large intestine located below the junction of the ascending colon and the ileum
Cecum
Worm-like attachment of the cecum
Vermiform Appendix
This passes superiorly form the junction with the cecum and the undersurface of the liver.
Ascending Colon
Where the ascending colon joins the transverse colon
Right Colic Flexure
What is the longest, most movable part of the colon?
Transverse colon
Where does the transverse colon join the descending colon?
Left Colic Flexure
This has an “S” shaped loop that joins the rectum at the S-3
Sigmoid Colon
How long is the rectum?
approx. 6 inches
Inflamation of the appendix
Appendicitis
The condition of diverticula in the colon without inflammation is termed…
Diverticulosis
Inflammation of the diverticula
Diverticulitis
This is a pouch created by the herniation of the mucous membrane through the muscular coat.
Diverticulum
Protrusion of the stomach through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm is termed
Hiatal Hernia
Telescoping of a portion of the bowel is called
Intussusception
Contraction of waves that provides movement throughout the GI tract
Peristalsis
Barium usually reaches the rectum within what time frame
24 hours
This allows us to view the alimentary canal dynamically
Fluoroscopy
This is water insoluble salt used in exams of the alimentary canal
Barium Sulfate
Name the factors the speed barium travels through the GI tract depends upon
Suspension Medium
Temperature
Consistency
Motile function of the canal
Why is iodinated contrast inferior to barium sulfate studies of the small intestine?
It dilutes in the small intestine
If a perforated bowel is suspected, what type of contrast should be used?
Water-soluble iodinated
What is a con of using water-soluble iodinated contrast?
Bitterness and hyperosmolar
Why is a short exposure time especially important in GI studies?
To eliminate involuntary motion
What type of study of the esophagus uses only barium or water soluble iodinated contrast?
Single contrast study
A double contrast study of the esophagus utilizes high density barium and…
Carbon Dioxide Crystals
An esophogram should begin with the patient in what position?
Upright
What size IR is used for all imagine of the esophagus?
14X17
RAO or LAO positions of the esophagus allows viewing of the esophagus to be unobstructed by what anatomy?
Vertebrae and Heart
Variceal filling of the esophagus may be demonstrated by using the Valsalva maneuver or…
Full Expiration
The IR should be centered to what plane on an AP projection?
Midsagittal
An RAO oblique esophagus should form what angle with the IR
35-40 degree
What plane should be centered to the IR on a lateral image of the esophagus?
Midcoronal
The center ray should enter the body at what level for AP projection of the esophagus?
T 5-6
Why would a patient be instructed to swallow a barium tablet during an esophagram?
To evaluate luminal narrowing
This studies the distal esophagus, stomach, and some of the small intestine
UGI’s
How long should a patient be NPO before an UGI?
8 hours
What can be determined on an UGI?
Size, Shape, and position of stomach.
Changing contour during peristalsis.
Filling and emptying of the duodenal bulb.
Abnormal alteration or function or contour
Name an advantage of a double contrast UGI series
Small lesions less likely to be overlooked.
Mucosal lining visualized better
In what type of exam does a patient undergo a double-contrast UGI followed by a single contrast exam?
Biphasic exam
An upright PA stomach requires the IR to be centered where as to oppose to when the patient is supine?
3-6 inches lower
An RAO oblique of the stomach should be rotated how many degrees to demonstrate the pyloric canal and the duodenum?
40-70 degrees
Exposures of the stomach should be made on what breathing?
Suspended expiration
The fundus of the stomach is filled or not filled with barium in the LPO position?
Filled
Which position is the best position to demonstrate the pyloric canal and duodenal bulb in hypersthenic patients?
Right Lateral Position
Which position is best to demonstrate a hiatal hernia?
AP Trendelenburg position
Name the 3 methods in which barium can be administered to perform a small bowel series:
Orally
Reflux filling
Enteroclysis
Small bowel series images should be identified using…
Time and an Identifying marker
Images in a small bowel series are generally done in what time intervals?
15-30 minute intervals
A radiologist does compression images under fluroscopy when barium reaches what?
Ileocecal valve
A small bowel series ends when barium reaches the cecum, usually about how many hours after ingestion?
2 hours
What plane should be centered to the IR for Small Bowel Series images?
Midsagittal plane
For the first 30 minutes of a small bowel series, the IR should be centered at…
L-2
The colon is examined with barium and then with air immediately following evacuation in what kind of study?
Two-stage BE
This distends the lumen and shows mucosal lining of the colon and intraluminal lesions…
Gaseous Medium
Why might CO2 be used as the negative contrast instead of regular air?
It is absorbed more quickly
why is high density barium better for double contrasted BE studies?
It absorbs more radiation, higher quality images.
What is an alternative to a retrograde filling exam of the large intestine?
Using water-soluble oral contrast, waiting 4 hours, and performing images.
Why is it important for a BE patient to have the large intestine completely emptied?
Remaining fecal material can appear as polypoid tumors.
At what temperature should the barium be prior to administration for a BE?
85-90 degrees
What position should a patient lie in while inserting the BE tip?
Sims
What type of image is taken to examine the mucosa of the large intestine?
Post-evacuation
Where should the IR be centered for a PA large intestine?
Crests
How should the IR be arranged for a hypersthenic patient when performing an AP large intestine?
crosswise, 2 images
What degree and direction should be used for a PA axial large intestine?
30-40, caudal
How can a patient be positioned on a PA axial large intestine to further reduce the rectrosigmoid area?
Place patient slightly RAO
How much rotation and what position should a patient be placed to demonstrate the right colic flexure while utilizing the PA projection?
35-45, RAO
What size IR should be used for a lateral large intestine when the sigmoid area is of interest?
10x12
What degree and angulation should be utilized on an AP axial large intestine?
30-40, cephalic
What position should be used to demonstrate the left colic flexure while utilizing the AP projection?
RPO
What side is best demonstrated on an AP left lateral decubitus of the large intestine?
Lateral ascending colon and medial descending “side up”
How can you tell which side is “up” when looking at a decubitus large intestine image?
Air is at the top
Which method is the only image that demonstrates the sigmoid area in a true axial projection?
Chassard-Lapine Method
This is a surgical procedure for forming and opening through the abdominal wall..
Enterstomy
This is an exam in which barium is put into the rectum and eliminated under fluoroscopy…
Defography
When PA, the left colic flexure is best demonstrated in which position?
LPO
The esophagus passes through the diaphragm …
at T-10
How long is the esophagus?
approx. 10 inches
The esophagogastic junction is at the level of the…
Xiphoid tip
The stomach has how many parts and what are they?
4 Cardi- Fundus Body Pyloric portion
Where does the large intestine begin and end?
Right iliac region and ends at the anus
What is the average emptying time of the stomach?
2-3 hours
Pro’s of Iodinated contrast media…
Easily removed by aspiration before or during surgery
No contraindications when perforations are possible.
What is the valsalva maneuver?
Forceful breath out while plugging mouth and nose, kind of a “baredown” effect. Or you can forcefully exhale
