Test 3 Contrast Media Flashcards
1
Q
How long is the alimentary canal
A
30 feet
2
Q
Name the layers of the alimentary canal (Esophagus and Stomach and Small Intestine and Large Intestine)
A
Fibrous
Muscular
Submucosal
Mucosal
3
Q
Where does the esophagus originate at?
A
C-6, mid-sag
4
Q
The esophagus lies anterior or posterior to the trachea?
A
Posterior
5
Q
Where does the esophagus join the stomach
A
Esophagastric junction/cardiac antrum
6
Q
This is the dilated sac-like portion of the alimentary canal that is located between the esophagus and the small intestine.
A
Stomach
7
Q
This is the superior portion of the stomach, when upright, usually seen as an air bubble on a radiograph.
A
Fundus
8
Q
The portion of the stomach that communicates with the duodenum.
A
Pyloric Portion
9
Q
The (BLANK) of the stomach is the right border that begins at the esophagogastric junction and ends at the pyloris.
A
Lesser Curvature
10
Q
The (BLANK) of the stomach begins at the cardiac notch and ends at the pyloris.
A
Greater Curvature
11
Q
The opening between the esophagus and the stomach.
A
Cardiac Orifice
12
Q
The opening between the stomach and the duodenum
A
Pyloric Orifice
13
Q
Where is the stomach located on a patient with a hypersthenic body habitus?
A
Horizontal and high
14
Q
Where is the stomach located on a patient with an asthenic body habitus?
A
Low and vertical
15
Q
Name two functions of the stomach
A
Food storage
Break down food chemically and mechanically
16
Q
The mixture of food and secretions of the stomach is termed
A
Chyme
17
Q
This extends from the pyloric sphincter to the ileocecal valve
A
Small Intestine
18
Q
What is the average length of the small intestine?
A
22 feet
19
Q
The finger-like projections that assist in the absorption and digestion in the small intestine is called?
A
Villi
20
Q
How many layers does the small intestine have?
A
4
21
Q
How many and what are the portions of the small intestine?
A
3:
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
22
Q
How long is the duodenum
A
8-10 inches long
23
Q
The first portion of the duodenum is the
A
Duodenal bulb
24
Q
The hepatopancreatic ampulla opens into the…
A
Greater Duodenal Papilla
25
Where does the duodenum join the jejunum?
Duodenojejunal flexure
26
The freely movable loops of the small intestine are termed
Gyri
27
Name the parts of the large intestine
Cecum
Colon
Rectum
Anal Canal
28
How long is the large intestine?
5 feet long
29
These are thickened bands of external longitudinal muscle
Taeniae Coli
30
These are a series of pouches that make up the large intestine
Haustra
31
Name a function of the large intestine:
Reabsorption
| Elimination
32
The pouch-like portion of the large intestine located below the junction of the ascending colon and the ileum
Cecum
33
Worm-like attachment of the cecum
Vermiform Appendix
34
This passes superiorly form the junction with the cecum and the undersurface of the liver.
Ascending Colon
35
Where the ascending colon joins the transverse colon
Right Colic Flexure
36
What is the longest, most movable part of the colon?
Transverse colon
37
Where does the transverse colon join the descending colon?
Left Colic Flexure
38
This has an "S" shaped loop that joins the rectum at the S-3
Sigmoid Colon
39
How long is the rectum?
approx. 6 inches
40
Inflamation of the appendix
Appendicitis
41
The condition of diverticula in the colon without inflammation is termed...
Diverticulosis
42
Inflammation of the diverticula
Diverticulitis
43
This is a pouch created by the herniation of the mucous membrane through the muscular coat.
Diverticulum
44
Protrusion of the stomach through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm is termed
Hiatal Hernia
45
Telescoping of a portion of the bowel is called
Intussusception
46
Contraction of waves that provides movement throughout the GI tract
Peristalsis
47
Barium usually reaches the rectum within what time frame
24 hours
48
This allows us to view the alimentary canal dynamically
Fluoroscopy
49
This is water insoluble salt used in exams of the alimentary canal
Barium Sulfate
50
Name the factors the speed barium travels through the GI tract depends upon
Suspension Medium
Temperature
Consistency
Motile function of the canal
51
Why is iodinated contrast inferior to barium sulfate studies of the small intestine?
It dilutes in the small intestine
52
If a perforated bowel is suspected, what type of contrast should be used?
Water-soluble iodinated
53
What is a con of using water-soluble iodinated contrast?
Bitterness and hyperosmolar
54
Why is a short exposure time especially important in GI studies?
To eliminate involuntary motion
55
What type of study of the esophagus uses only barium or water soluble iodinated contrast?
Single contrast study
56
A double contrast study of the esophagus utilizes high density barium and...
Carbon Dioxide Crystals
57
An esophogram should begin with the patient in what position?
Upright
58
What size IR is used for all imagine of the esophagus?
14X17
59
RAO or LAO positions of the esophagus allows viewing of the esophagus to be unobstructed by what anatomy?
Vertebrae and Heart
60
Variceal filling of the esophagus may be demonstrated by using the Valsalva maneuver or...
Full Expiration
61
The IR should be centered to what plane on an AP projection?
Midsagittal
62
An RAO oblique esophagus should form what angle with the IR
35-40 degree
63
What plane should be centered to the IR on a lateral image of the esophagus?
Midcoronal
64
The center ray should enter the body at what level for AP projection of the esophagus?
T 5-6
65
Why would a patient be instructed to swallow a barium tablet during an esophagram?
To evaluate luminal narrowing
66
This studies the distal esophagus, stomach, and some of the small intestine
UGI's
67
How long should a patient be NPO before an UGI?
8 hours
68
What can be determined on an UGI?
Size, Shape, and position of stomach.
Changing contour during peristalsis.
Filling and emptying of the duodenal bulb.
Abnormal alteration or function or contour
69
Name an advantage of a double contrast UGI series
Small lesions less likely to be overlooked.
| Mucosal lining visualized better
70
In what type of exam does a patient undergo a double-contrast UGI followed by a single contrast exam?
Biphasic exam
71
An upright PA stomach requires the IR to be centered where as to oppose to when the patient is supine?
3-6 inches lower
72
An RAO oblique of the stomach should be rotated how many degrees to demonstrate the pyloric canal and the duodenum?
40-70 degrees
73
Exposures of the stomach should be made on what breathing?
Suspended expiration
74
The fundus of the stomach is filled or not filled with barium in the LPO position?
Filled
75
Which position is the best position to demonstrate the pyloric canal and duodenal bulb in hypersthenic patients?
Right Lateral Position
76
Which position is best to demonstrate a hiatal hernia?
AP Trendelenburg position
77
Name the 3 methods in which barium can be administered to perform a small bowel series:
Orally
Reflux filling
Enteroclysis
78
Small bowel series images should be identified using...
Time and an Identifying marker
79
Images in a small bowel series are generally done in what time intervals?
15-30 minute intervals
80
A radiologist does compression images under fluroscopy when barium reaches what?
Ileocecal valve
81
A small bowel series ends when barium reaches the cecum, usually about how many hours after ingestion?
2 hours
82
What plane should be centered to the IR for Small Bowel Series images?
Midsagittal plane
83
For the first 30 minutes of a small bowel series, the IR should be centered at...
L-2
84
The colon is examined with barium and then with air immediately following evacuation in what kind of study?
Two-stage BE
85
This distends the lumen and shows mucosal lining of the colon and intraluminal lesions...
Gaseous Medium
86
Why might CO2 be used as the negative contrast instead of regular air?
It is absorbed more quickly
87
why is high density barium better for double contrasted BE studies?
It absorbs more radiation, higher quality images.
88
What is an alternative to a retrograde filling exam of the large intestine?
Using water-soluble oral contrast, waiting 4 hours, and performing images.
89
Why is it important for a BE patient to have the large intestine completely emptied?
Remaining fecal material can appear as polypoid tumors.
90
At what temperature should the barium be prior to administration for a BE?
85-90 degrees
91
What position should a patient lie in while inserting the BE tip?
Sims
92
What type of image is taken to examine the mucosa of the large intestine?
Post-evacuation
93
Where should the IR be centered for a PA large intestine?
Crests
94
How should the IR be arranged for a hypersthenic patient when performing an AP large intestine?
crosswise, 2 images
95
What degree and direction should be used for a PA axial large intestine?
30-40, caudal
96
How can a patient be positioned on a PA axial large intestine to further reduce the rectrosigmoid area?
Place patient slightly RAO
97
How much rotation and what position should a patient be placed to demonstrate the right colic flexure while utilizing the PA projection?
35-45, RAO
98
What size IR should be used for a lateral large intestine when the sigmoid area is of interest?
10x12
99
What degree and angulation should be utilized on an AP axial large intestine?
30-40, cephalic
100
What position should be used to demonstrate the left colic flexure while utilizing the AP projection?
RPO
101
What side is best demonstrated on an AP left lateral decubitus of the large intestine?
Lateral ascending colon and medial descending "side up"
102
How can you tell which side is "up" when looking at a decubitus large intestine image?
Air is at the top
103
Which method is the only image that demonstrates the sigmoid area in a true axial projection?
Chassard-Lapine Method
104
This is a surgical procedure for forming and opening through the abdominal wall..
Enterstomy
105
This is an exam in which barium is put into the rectum and eliminated under fluoroscopy...
Defography
106
When PA, the left colic flexure is best demonstrated in which position?
LPO
107
The esophagus passes through the diaphragm ...
at T-10
108
How long is the esophagus?
approx. 10 inches
109
The esophagogastic junction is at the level of the...
Xiphoid tip
110
The stomach has how many parts and what are they?
```
4
Cardi-
Fundus
Body
Pyloric portion
```
111
Where does the large intestine begin and end?
Right iliac region and ends at the anus
112
What is the average emptying time of the stomach?
2-3 hours
113
Pro's of Iodinated contrast media...
Easily removed by aspiration before or during surgery
| No contraindications when perforations are possible.
114
What is the valsalva maneuver?
Forceful breath out while plugging mouth and nose, kind of a "baredown" effect. Or you can forcefully exhale
