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Contrast Media > Test 3 Contrast Media > Flashcards

Test 3 Contrast Media Flashcards

1
Q

How long is the alimentary canal

A

30 feet

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2
Q

Name the layers of the alimentary canal (Esophagus and Stomach and Small Intestine and Large Intestine)

A

Fibrous
Muscular
Submucosal
Mucosal

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3
Q

Where does the esophagus originate at?

A

C-6, mid-sag

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4
Q

The esophagus lies anterior or posterior to the trachea?

A

Posterior

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5
Q

Where does the esophagus join the stomach

A

Esophagastric junction/cardiac antrum

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6
Q

This is the dilated sac-like portion of the alimentary canal that is located between the esophagus and the small intestine.

A

Stomach

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7
Q

This is the superior portion of the stomach, when upright, usually seen as an air bubble on a radiograph.

A

Fundus

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8
Q

The portion of the stomach that communicates with the duodenum.

A

Pyloric Portion

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9
Q

The (BLANK) of the stomach is the right border that begins at the esophagogastric junction and ends at the pyloris.

A

Lesser Curvature

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10
Q

The (BLANK) of the stomach begins at the cardiac notch and ends at the pyloris.

A

Greater Curvature

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11
Q

The opening between the esophagus and the stomach.

A

Cardiac Orifice

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12
Q

The opening between the stomach and the duodenum

A

Pyloric Orifice

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13
Q

Where is the stomach located on a patient with a hypersthenic body habitus?

A

Horizontal and high

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14
Q

Where is the stomach located on a patient with an asthenic body habitus?

A

Low and vertical

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15
Q

Name two functions of the stomach

A

Food storage

Break down food chemically and mechanically

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16
Q

The mixture of food and secretions of the stomach is termed

A

Chyme

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17
Q

This extends from the pyloric sphincter to the ileocecal valve

A

Small Intestine

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18
Q

What is the average length of the small intestine?

A

22 feet

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19
Q

The finger-like projections that assist in the absorption and digestion in the small intestine is called?

A

Villi

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20
Q

How many layers does the small intestine have?

A

4

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21
Q

How many and what are the portions of the small intestine?

A

3:
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

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22
Q

How long is the duodenum

A

8-10 inches long

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23
Q

The first portion of the duodenum is the

A

Duodenal bulb

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24
Q

The hepatopancreatic ampulla opens into the…

A

Greater Duodenal Papilla

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25
Q

Where does the duodenum join the jejunum?

A

Duodenojejunal flexure

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26
Q

The freely movable loops of the small intestine are termed

A

Gyri

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27
Q

Name the parts of the large intestine

A

Cecum
Colon
Rectum
Anal Canal

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28
Q

How long is the large intestine?

A

5 feet long

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29
Q

These are thickened bands of external longitudinal muscle

A

Taeniae Coli

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30
Q

These are a series of pouches that make up the large intestine

A

Haustra

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31
Q

Name a function of the large intestine:

A

Reabsorption

Elimination

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32
Q

The pouch-like portion of the large intestine located below the junction of the ascending colon and the ileum

A

Cecum

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33
Q

Worm-like attachment of the cecum

A

Vermiform Appendix

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34
Q

This passes superiorly form the junction with the cecum and the undersurface of the liver.

A

Ascending Colon

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35
Q

Where the ascending colon joins the transverse colon

A

Right Colic Flexure

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36
Q

What is the longest, most movable part of the colon?

A

Transverse colon

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37
Q

Where does the transverse colon join the descending colon?

A

Left Colic Flexure

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38
Q

This has an “S” shaped loop that joins the rectum at the S-3

A

Sigmoid Colon

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39
Q

How long is the rectum?

A

approx. 6 inches

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40
Q

Inflamation of the appendix

A

Appendicitis

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41
Q

The condition of diverticula in the colon without inflammation is termed…

A

Diverticulosis

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42
Q

Inflammation of the diverticula

A

Diverticulitis

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43
Q

This is a pouch created by the herniation of the mucous membrane through the muscular coat.

A

Diverticulum

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44
Q

Protrusion of the stomach through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm is termed

A

Hiatal Hernia

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45
Q

Telescoping of a portion of the bowel is called

A

Intussusception

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46
Q

Contraction of waves that provides movement throughout the GI tract

A

Peristalsis

47
Q

Barium usually reaches the rectum within what time frame

A

24 hours

48
Q

This allows us to view the alimentary canal dynamically

A

Fluoroscopy

49
Q

This is water insoluble salt used in exams of the alimentary canal

A

Barium Sulfate

50
Q

Name the factors the speed barium travels through the GI tract depends upon

A

Suspension Medium
Temperature
Consistency
Motile function of the canal

51
Q

Why is iodinated contrast inferior to barium sulfate studies of the small intestine?

A

It dilutes in the small intestine

52
Q

If a perforated bowel is suspected, what type of contrast should be used?

A

Water-soluble iodinated

53
Q

What is a con of using water-soluble iodinated contrast?

A

Bitterness and hyperosmolar

54
Q

Why is a short exposure time especially important in GI studies?

A

To eliminate involuntary motion

55
Q

What type of study of the esophagus uses only barium or water soluble iodinated contrast?

A

Single contrast study

56
Q

A double contrast study of the esophagus utilizes high density barium and…

A

Carbon Dioxide Crystals

57
Q

An esophogram should begin with the patient in what position?

A

Upright

58
Q

What size IR is used for all imagine of the esophagus?

A

14X17

59
Q

RAO or LAO positions of the esophagus allows viewing of the esophagus to be unobstructed by what anatomy?

A

Vertebrae and Heart

60
Q

Variceal filling of the esophagus may be demonstrated by using the Valsalva maneuver or…

A

Full Expiration

61
Q

The IR should be centered to what plane on an AP projection?

A

Midsagittal

62
Q

An RAO oblique esophagus should form what angle with the IR

A

35-40 degree

63
Q

What plane should be centered to the IR on a lateral image of the esophagus?

A

Midcoronal

64
Q

The center ray should enter the body at what level for AP projection of the esophagus?

A

T 5-6

65
Q

Why would a patient be instructed to swallow a barium tablet during an esophagram?

A

To evaluate luminal narrowing

66
Q

This studies the distal esophagus, stomach, and some of the small intestine

A

UGI’s

67
Q

How long should a patient be NPO before an UGI?

A

8 hours

68
Q

What can be determined on an UGI?

A

Size, Shape, and position of stomach.
Changing contour during peristalsis.
Filling and emptying of the duodenal bulb.
Abnormal alteration or function or contour

69
Q

Name an advantage of a double contrast UGI series

A

Small lesions less likely to be overlooked.

Mucosal lining visualized better

70
Q

In what type of exam does a patient undergo a double-contrast UGI followed by a single contrast exam?

A

Biphasic exam

71
Q

An upright PA stomach requires the IR to be centered where as to oppose to when the patient is supine?

A

3-6 inches lower

72
Q

An RAO oblique of the stomach should be rotated how many degrees to demonstrate the pyloric canal and the duodenum?

A

40-70 degrees

73
Q

Exposures of the stomach should be made on what breathing?

A

Suspended expiration

74
Q

The fundus of the stomach is filled or not filled with barium in the LPO position?

A

Filled

75
Q

Which position is the best position to demonstrate the pyloric canal and duodenal bulb in hypersthenic patients?

A

Right Lateral Position

76
Q

Which position is best to demonstrate a hiatal hernia?

A

AP Trendelenburg position

77
Q

Name the 3 methods in which barium can be administered to perform a small bowel series:

A

Orally
Reflux filling
Enteroclysis

78
Q

Small bowel series images should be identified using…

A

Time and an Identifying marker

79
Q

Images in a small bowel series are generally done in what time intervals?

A

15-30 minute intervals

80
Q

A radiologist does compression images under fluroscopy when barium reaches what?

A

Ileocecal valve

81
Q

A small bowel series ends when barium reaches the cecum, usually about how many hours after ingestion?

A

2 hours

82
Q

What plane should be centered to the IR for Small Bowel Series images?

A

Midsagittal plane

83
Q

For the first 30 minutes of a small bowel series, the IR should be centered at…

A

L-2

84
Q

The colon is examined with barium and then with air immediately following evacuation in what kind of study?

A

Two-stage BE

85
Q

This distends the lumen and shows mucosal lining of the colon and intraluminal lesions…

A

Gaseous Medium

86
Q

Why might CO2 be used as the negative contrast instead of regular air?

A

It is absorbed more quickly

87
Q

why is high density barium better for double contrasted BE studies?

A

It absorbs more radiation, higher quality images.

88
Q

What is an alternative to a retrograde filling exam of the large intestine?

A

Using water-soluble oral contrast, waiting 4 hours, and performing images.

89
Q

Why is it important for a BE patient to have the large intestine completely emptied?

A

Remaining fecal material can appear as polypoid tumors.

90
Q

At what temperature should the barium be prior to administration for a BE?

A

85-90 degrees

91
Q

What position should a patient lie in while inserting the BE tip?

A

Sims

92
Q

What type of image is taken to examine the mucosa of the large intestine?

A

Post-evacuation

93
Q

Where should the IR be centered for a PA large intestine?

A

Crests

94
Q

How should the IR be arranged for a hypersthenic patient when performing an AP large intestine?

A

crosswise, 2 images

95
Q

What degree and direction should be used for a PA axial large intestine?

A

30-40, caudal

96
Q

How can a patient be positioned on a PA axial large intestine to further reduce the rectrosigmoid area?

A

Place patient slightly RAO

97
Q

How much rotation and what position should a patient be placed to demonstrate the right colic flexure while utilizing the PA projection?

A

35-45, RAO

98
Q

What size IR should be used for a lateral large intestine when the sigmoid area is of interest?

A

10x12

99
Q

What degree and angulation should be utilized on an AP axial large intestine?

A

30-40, cephalic

100
Q

What position should be used to demonstrate the left colic flexure while utilizing the AP projection?

A

RPO

101
Q

What side is best demonstrated on an AP left lateral decubitus of the large intestine?

A

Lateral ascending colon and medial descending “side up”

102
Q

How can you tell which side is “up” when looking at a decubitus large intestine image?

A

Air is at the top

103
Q

Which method is the only image that demonstrates the sigmoid area in a true axial projection?

A

Chassard-Lapine Method

104
Q

This is a surgical procedure for forming and opening through the abdominal wall..

A

Enterstomy

105
Q

This is an exam in which barium is put into the rectum and eliminated under fluoroscopy…

A

Defography

106
Q

When PA, the left colic flexure is best demonstrated in which position?

A

LPO

107
Q

The esophagus passes through the diaphragm …

A

at T-10

108
Q

How long is the esophagus?

A

approx. 10 inches

109
Q

The esophagogastic junction is at the level of the…

A

Xiphoid tip

110
Q

The stomach has how many parts and what are they?

A 
4
Cardi-
Fundus
Body
Pyloric portion
111
Q

Where does the large intestine begin and end?

A

Right iliac region and ends at the anus

112
Q

What is the average emptying time of the stomach?

A

2-3 hours

113
Q

Pro’s of Iodinated contrast media…

A

Easily removed by aspiration before or during surgery

No contraindications when perforations are possible.

114
Q

What is the valsalva maneuver?

A

Forceful breath out while plugging mouth and nose, kind of a “baredown” effect. Or you can forcefully exhale

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