Test 4 (Chapter 7-8)

Question 1

A stable dispersion of fine particles of one substance in another (not a solution)

Answer 1

Colloids

Question 2

Light is scattered when attempting to shine through it

Answer 2

Tyndall Effect

Question 3

Solvent+Solute(s)=?

Answer 3

Solution

Question 4

A substance present in lesser amount in a solution

Answer 4

Solute

Question 5

A colloid where Microparticles of one polarity (i.e. non polar) suspended in a liquid of another polarity (i.e. polar)

Answer 5

Emulsions

Question 6

“water-loving” Polar substance that will dissolve in water

Answer 6

Hydrophilic

Question 7

“water-fearing” Non-polar substances that won’t dissolve in water

Answer 7

Hydrophobic

Question 8

At constant temperature, the amount of gas dissolved in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure of the has above the liquid

Answer 8

Henry’s Gas Law

Question 9

Describe how polar ion interact with a polar solvent like water

Answer 9

The molecules of a polar solvent like water are attracted to other polar molecules; Because water molecules are polar, they interact with the sodium and chloride ions.

Question 10

Examples of nonpolar solvents that would dissolve oil and grease

Answer 10

polarity?

Question 11

A substance present in greater amount in a solution, measure by number of moles

Answer 11

Solvent

Question 12

When a solution contains the maximum possible amount of dissolved solute at a given temperature

Answer 12

Saturated Solution

Question 13

a solution that contains more of the dissolved material than could be dissolved by the solvent under normal circumstances

Answer 13

Supersaturated Solution

Question 14

Describe how a gas respond to temperature and pressure changes

Answer 14

gases respond to pressure changes by changing their volume

Question 15

Describe how much of the earth’s water is drinkable?

Answer 15

2.5% (fresh water)

total 70% of water covers the earth’s surface

Question 16

Process of how water traverses the Earths;s atmosphere and crust in gas, liquid, and solid forms

Answer 16

Hydrologic Cycle

Question 17

List the steps in the hydrologic cycle

Answer 17

Step 1: Solar energy causes water to evaporate from the ocean, moving it into the atmosphere
Step 2: Evaporated water condenses into clouds
Step 3: Water falls back to lan or to the ocean as precipitation, either rain, hail, or snow
Step 4: Some returns to the atmosphere by evaporation and transpiration
Step 5: Some water infiltrates the ground, where it joins the ground-water reservoir and may eventually be locked up in the lithosphere in the form of hydrous minerals
Step 6: Some of the moisture flows back to the sea as surface runoff, while a small amount is captured by the biosphere

Question 18

Be able to calculate concentrations in molarity

Answer 18

chapter 7

Question 19

Applies pressure forces water through a semipermeable membrane that contains extremely fine pores. Allows passage of water. blocks most dissolved solids

Answer 19

Reverse Osmosis

Question 20

Describe gas transport in the human body

Answer 20

A small amount of oxygen does dissolve in the blood and is transported in the bloodstream, but it is only about 1.5% of the total amount. The majority of oxygen molecules are carried from the lungs to the body’s tissues by a specialized transport system, which relies on the erythrocyte—the red blood cell.

Question 21

Describe the pressures for oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs in the capillaries

Answer 21

chapter 7

Question 22

React with bases to form salts; dissociates to increase the amount of hydrogen ions (protons) in a water solution; pH<7 (less than)

Answer 22

Acidic Substance

Question 23

React with acids to form salts; dissociates to increase the amount of hydroxide ions in a water solution; pH>7 (greater than)

Answer 23

Basic Substances

Question 24

Predict the products of a neutralization reaction

Answer 24

Salt, lime water and more

Question 25

Names of common digestive antacids

Answer 25

Milk of Magnesium, Alka-seltzer, tums, pepto-bismol

Question 26

How carbonic acid forms in bodies of water?

Answer 26

combines with water to form carbonic acid (H2CO3), a relatively weak acid, which dissociates into hydrogen ions (H+) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3-).

Question 27

A decrease in the pH of the oceans due to the absorbtion of atmosphere C02

Answer 27

Ocean Acidification

Question 28

What are possible outcomes of Ocean Acidification?

Answer 28

Ocean acidification reduces the amount of carbonate, a key building block in seawater

Question 29

How does a buffer function?

Answer 29

Buffer- A combination of a weak acid and its conjugate base that resist changes in pH