Test 4 (Chapter 7-8) Flashcards
A stable dispersion of fine particles of one substance in another (not a solution)
Colloids
Light is scattered when attempting to shine through it
Tyndall Effect
Solvent+Solute(s)=?
Solution
A substance present in lesser amount in a solution
Solute
A colloid where Microparticles of one polarity (i.e. non polar) suspended in a liquid of another polarity (i.e. polar)
Emulsions
“water-loving” Polar substance that will dissolve in water
Hydrophilic
“water-fearing” Non-polar substances that won’t dissolve in water
Hydrophobic
At constant temperature, the amount of gas dissolved in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure of the has above the liquid
Henry’s Gas Law
Describe how polar ion interact with a polar solvent like water
The molecules of a polar solvent like water are attracted to other polar molecules; Because water molecules are polar, they interact with the sodium and chloride ions.
Examples of nonpolar solvents that would dissolve oil and grease
polarity?
A substance present in greater amount in a solution, measure by number of moles
Solvent
When a solution contains the maximum possible amount of dissolved solute at a given temperature
Saturated Solution
a solution that contains more of the dissolved material than could be dissolved by the solvent under normal circumstances
Supersaturated Solution
Describe how a gas respond to temperature and pressure changes
gases respond to pressure changes by changing their volume
Describe how much of the earth’s water is drinkable?
2.5% (fresh water)
total 70% of water covers the earth’s surface
Process of how water traverses the Earths;s atmosphere and crust in gas, liquid, and solid forms
Hydrologic Cycle
List the steps in the hydrologic cycle
Step 1: Solar energy causes water to evaporate from the ocean, moving it into the atmosphere
Step 2: Evaporated water condenses into clouds
Step 3: Water falls back to lan or to the ocean as precipitation, either rain, hail, or snow
Step 4: Some returns to the atmosphere by evaporation and transpiration
Step 5: Some water infiltrates the ground, where it joins the ground-water reservoir and may eventually be locked up in the lithosphere in the form of hydrous minerals
Step 6: Some of the moisture flows back to the sea as surface runoff, while a small amount is captured by the biosphere
Be able to calculate concentrations in molarity
chapter 7
Applies pressure forces water through a semipermeable membrane that contains extremely fine pores. Allows passage of water. blocks most dissolved solids
Reverse Osmosis
Describe gas transport in the human body
A small amount of oxygen does dissolve in the blood and is transported in the bloodstream, but it is only about 1.5% of the total amount. The majority of oxygen molecules are carried from the lungs to the body’s tissues by a specialized transport system, which relies on the erythrocyte—the red blood cell.
Describe the pressures for oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs in the capillaries
chapter 7
React with bases to form salts; dissociates to increase the amount of hydrogen ions (protons) in a water solution; pH<7 (less than)
Acidic Substance
React with acids to form salts; dissociates to increase the amount of hydroxide ions in a water solution; pH>7 (greater than)
Basic Substances
Predict the products of a neutralization reaction
Salt, lime water and more
Names of common digestive antacids
Milk of Magnesium, Alka-seltzer, tums, pepto-bismol
How carbonic acid forms in bodies of water?
combines with water to form carbonic acid (H2CO3), a relatively weak acid, which dissociates into hydrogen ions (H+) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3-).
A decrease in the pH of the oceans due to the absorbtion of atmosphere C02
Ocean Acidification
What are possible outcomes of Ocean Acidification?
Ocean acidification reduces the amount of carbonate, a key building block in seawater
How does a buffer function?
Buffer- A combination of a weak acid and its conjugate base that resist changes in pH
