Test 1 (Chapters 1-2) Flashcards
What are active ingredients in soaps
Surfactant
What are macronutrients
What we eat to full are body
what are the 4 types of macronutrients
1) Proteins
2) Carbohydrates
3) Lipids
4) Nucleic Acids
What are micronutrients
minerals and vitamins (trace elements)
Name 3 classes of pharmaceuticals and what they do
1) antibiotics: kill bacteria
2) analgesics: pain reliever
3) antipyretics: reduce fever
What are some examples of organic compounds in life
dye’s and inks (such as computer ink)
Name some examples of chemistry in life
Pesticide (farming)
Fertilizer
Herbicide (weed killers)
Plastic Test Tubes (Medicine)
Name a few renewable resources
Trees
Water
Food Crops (corn; can also make ethanol)
Name a few Non-renewable resources
Coal
Petroleum
Natural Gas
(These are all fossil fuels)
What are fossil fuels
They are building blocks to make bigger molecules such as plastic (ex. Batteries)
Scientific Units
Length-Meter
Mass-Grams
Time-Seconds
Volume-Liters
Efforts to keep products at their listed specifications
Quality Control
Gathering knowledge wth the goal of creating new products or improving existing ones
Research and Development
Fundamental research that increases our understanding of the world
Basic Research
What kind of charge does a Neutron have and what is the mass
neutral (mass of 1)
What are 3 isotopes of Hydrogen
1) Hydrogen
2) Deuterium
3) Tritium (1P+2N)
Scientific International Prefixes
giga- Billion (1,000,000,000) mega- Million (1,000,000) kilo- Thousand (1,000) hecto- Hundred (100) deca- Ten (10) deci- Tenth (0.1) centi- Hundredth (0.01) milli- Thousandth (0.001) micro- Millionth (0.000.001) nano- Billionth (0.000.000.001)
The study of matter
Its composition
Its properties
Changes it undergoes
Chemistry
Innovation and refinement of products to make them better, more efficient and green
Product Formulation
proposed the “Bohr orbit model” of the atom in 1913
Neils Bohr
Atoms of the same element that differ int he number of neutrons and therefor in mass number
Isotopes
What are 3 isotopes of Hydrogen
1) Hydrogen (1P) (1/1 H)
2) Deuterium (1P+1N) (2/1 H)
3) Tritium (1P+2N) (3/1H)
A positively charged particle found within the nucleus of an atom
proton
A nuclear particle that carries no electric charge
Neutron
Small, negatively charged particle located in shells surrounding tan atom’s nucleus
Electron
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
Atomic number
The combined number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
Mass number
The weighed average of the masses of all of the naturally occurring isotopes of an element
Atomic mass
What is the most abundant element in the human body
Oxygen
What is the most abundant element in the Earth’s crust
Oxygen
What is the most abundant element in the Earth’s Hydrosphere
Oxygen
What is the most abundant element in the Earth’s Atmosphere
Nitrogen
Periodic Table: 1
Hydrogen (H)
Periodic Table: 2
Helium (He)
Periodic Table: 3
Lithium (Li)
Periodic Table: 4
Beryllium (Be)
Periodic Table: 5
Boron (B)
Periodic Tabel: 6
Carbon (C)
Periodic Table: 7
Nitrogen (N)
Periodic Table: 8
Oxygen (O)
Periodic Table: 9
Fluorine (F)
Periodic Table: 10
Neon (Ne)
Periodic Table: 11
Sodium (Na)
Periodic Table: 12
Magnesium (Mg)
Periodic Table: 13
Aluminum (Al)
Periodic Table: 14
Silicon (Si)
Periodic Table: 15
Phosphorous (P)
Periodic Table: 16
Sulfur (S)
Periodic Tabel: 17
Chlorine (Cl)
Periodic Table: 18
Argon (Ar)
A transformation of matter that occurs without any change in chemical compositions
Physical Change
A process that produces substances with new chemical compositions
Chemical Change
Shortened form of surface-active agent, a chemical that accumulates at a liquid’s surface and changes the properties of that surface
Surfactant
A very large molecule formed by the repeated combination of much smaller molecules
Polymer
Natural resources that can be renewed or replenished readily by natural processes
Renewable Resources
Natural resources that are not replenished readily by natural processes and become depleted as they are used
Non-renewable Resources
Considering a product’s full environmental impact, form the process of obtaining its raw material to the disposal or recycling of the exhausted product
life-cycle assessment
Chemical practices that aim to conserve resources and reduce the generation of waste and toxic substances
Green Chemistry
Name the steps of the Scientific Method
Question Hypothesis Prediction Experiment Analysis Conclusion
The process by which science operates, involving the development of explanations for observations of he universe
Scientific Method
A tentative explanation for a relatively small set of observation
Hypothesis
A generally accepted principle based on a large set of confirmed observations
Theory
Fundamental units of the SI system, such as the meter, kilogram, and second
SI base units
Prefixes that scale an SI unit either larger or smaller by some factor of ten
SI Prefixes
Precise quantities upon which SI base units are defined
Reference standards
A method of converting from one unit to another by multiplying by one or more equivalences
unit cancellation
A fundamental particle of matter
Atom
The extremely small, dense center of the atom in which the atom’s positive charge is localized
Nucleus
The orbits of electrons at fixed distances from the nucleus, as described in the Bohr model of the atom
Quantum shells
A measure of a body’s resistance to acceleration
Mass
A force due to the pull of gravity on an object
Weight
An orderly arrangement of all chemical elements into rows (called periods) and columns (called or families)
Periodic Table
Rows in the periodic table
Periods
Columns in the periodic table
Groups
