Test 4: Chapter 23-24 Flashcards
1
Q
What is Communism?
A
A form of socialism which advocates the violent overthrow of existing governments with the goal of changing society and ultimately perfecting mankind
2
Q
What does Communism always result in?
A
Totalitarian dictatorship that dominates the person, property, and even thought of its citizens by means of force and terror
3
Q
Who formulated the basic ideas of Communism?
A
Karl Marx
4
Q
Who was the first to put Communism into practice on a wide scale?
A
Vladimir Lenin
5
Q
Who organized Marx’s ideas into a pseudo-scientific format?
A
Friedrich Engels
6
Q
What is dialectic materialism?
A
That nothing but the material world exists and that material conditions alone determine how a person thinks, acts, feels, and believes.
7
Q
Who said “From each according to his ability, to each according to his need.”?
A
Karl Marx
8
Q
How did Marx view history as?
A
As a class struggle
9
Q
What did Marx call religion?
A
“opiate of the people”
10
Q
What became the foundation of Communist ideology?
A
The secular humanism embraced by Marx and Engels
11
Q
What is the Communist Manifesto?
A
A pamphlet which laid out a program for Communist revolution
12
Q
What did Das Kapital offer?
A
Offered a theoretical foundation for Communist ideology
13
Q
What is the First International?
A
Workingmen’s Association
14
Q
Where is Kiev?
A
The capital of Russia
15
Q
Who are the Rus?
A
Viking Tribe that took over ‘Russia’
16
Q
What did the Rus call the land that they conquered?
A
“Land of the Rus”, or Russia
17
Q
What is Ivan III known as?
A
“Ivan the Great”
18
Q
How did Moscow rise to prominence?
A
When Russia fell into the invading Mongol hordes
19
Q
Who became the first true national leader of a united Russia?
A
Ivan the Great
20
Q
What is a czar?
A
Caesar
21
Q
Under who’s rule did Russia embrace feudalism?
A
Ivan the Terrible (Ivan IV)
22
Q
Who poured their energy into expanding Russia’s borders to the Black Sea?
A
Catherine the Great
23
Q
Who build Sr. Petersburg?
A
Peter the Great
24
Q
Who promoted colonization specifically between Alaska and the Oregon Territory?
A
Alexander I
25
Under who's rule did Russia become the worlds largest country?
Alexander I
26
What caused the loss of both land and prestige in Russia?
The Crimean War
27
Who became known as the "Czar Liberator"?
Alexander II
28
Who organized pogroms?
Alexander III
29
What are pogroms?
Periodic, organized massacres
30
What is Duma?
An elected Legislative body with limited powers
31
Who was the leader of Russia's Labor Party?
Alexander Kerensky
32
What resembled a Western representative democracy?
Provisional Government
33
What spurred several mutinies in the military and a general workers' strike that paralyzed the nation?
"Bloody Sunday"
34
Who named himself a "prophet" of Communism?
Vladimir Lenin
35
Who are the Mensheviks?
The minority
36
Who are the Bolsheviks?
The majority
37
Who are the Red Guards?
A Bolshevik military force to stir up trouble
38
Under who's rule did Russia become the first Communist state in history?
Lenin
39
What successfully toppled the Provisional Government?
The Bolshevik Revolution of 1917
40
During what revolution did Russia become the first communist state in history?
Bolshevik Revolution
41
What is Cheka?
Secret police organization
42
Who are the White Russians?
Those who opposed Communists
43
Who are the Red Russians?
Those who favored Communists
44
Who formed the Red Army?
Leon Trotsky
45
Who murdered Czar Nicholas II and his family?
Bolsheviks
46
What did the Third International establish?
A worldwide Communist state
47
Who exiled Trotsky?
Stalin
48
What does the USSR stand for?
"Union of Soviet Socialist Republic"
49
What is the "New Economic Policy"?
Lenin's form of Communism
50
What attempted to centralize all of Russia's economic assets?
"War Communism"
51
Who became master of the Soviet Union?
Stalin
52
Who became one of the most brutal rulers of all time?
Stalin
53
What brought all non-Russian nationalities under one centralized Communist regime?
USSR
54
What was the purpose of the Five Year Plan?
To transform the soviet Union from a backward agrarian country into an industrial and military superpower
55
What was Ukraine known for?
One of the most productive agricultural regions in the world
56
What is genocide?
Extermination of a political, cultural, or ethnic group
57
What did the Great Purge do?
It rooted out anyone who posed even the slightest threat to Stalin's authority
58
Who wrote The Gulag Archipelago?
Aleksandr Solzhenits
59
Who/What is/are a kulak?
indpendent farmers
60
Who were the most targeted group in the Great Purge?
The kulaks
61
What was the cause of a cultural breakdown that threatened to destroy the very roots of Western Civilization?
Liberalism
62
Who is a liberal?
Someone who desire freedom from something or freedom to do something
63
What is modern liberalism?
The desire to be free from absolute standards and morals, especially those of the Scriptures
64
What is conservatism?
The principle or practice of conserving (preserving) established traditions or institutions and imposing changes in them
65
Who wrote Reflections on the French Revolution?
Edmund Burke
66
What is positivism?
Nothing can be known except observable scientific "facts"
67
What is psychology?
Study of the mind
68
Who discovered psychoanalysis?
Sigmund Freud
69
Who founded positivism?
Auguste Comte
70
Who founded behavioral psychology?
J. B. Watson and B. F. Skinner
71
What is pragmatism?
Philosophy that idea or an action should be judged solely by its results, regardless of any moral or Scriptural considerations
72
What is existentialism known as?
"anti-philosophy"
73
What is existentialism?
There is no truth or reality
74
Who used the term "Leap of Faith?"
Soren Kierkegaard
75
Who used the phrase "Gods not dead?"
Friedrich Nietzche
76
Who developed "progressive education"?
John Dewey
77
What is "progressive education"?
A distinct turn away from traditional education
78
What is Humanism?
Worship of man
79
What does the Humanist Manifesto show?
The "faith" in humanism
80
What is the Humanist Manifesto II designed for?
A secular society on a planetary scale
81
What did the Humanist Manifesto II call for?
Called for one world order
82
What is "modernism"?
Religious Liberalism
83
What is the "social gospel"?
Viewed church's mission as one of social reform and political action
84
Who was the leader of the social gospel movemet?
Albrecht Ritschl
85
Who is the "Prophet of the Social Gospel"?
Walter Rauschenbusch
86
Who is one of the social gospel's most popular devotees?
Harry Emerson Fosdick
87
What is ecumenism?
Outward union of all churches, denominations, and sects into one organization regardless of doctrinal differences
88
Who are the "Fundamentalists"?
Christian's who remained faithful to God's Word
89
Who is the "Prince of Expositors"?
G. Campbell Morgan
90
Who was a Bible conference speaker throughout Britain and the United States?
W. H. Griffith Thomas
91
Who wrote the devotional classic My Utmost for His Highest?
Oswald Chambers
92
Who is the "Apostle to the Skeptics"?
R. A. Torrey
93
Who was an editor for The Fundamentals?
R.A. Torrey
94
What is impressionism?
An attempt to capture momentary, fleeting "impressions" received by the physical senses
95
What is cubism?
Emphasis of random geometric forms and perspectives
96
Who used cubism?
Pablo Picasso
97
Who wrote Tale of Peter Rabbit?
Beatrix Potter
98
What is the first modern picture book?
Tale of Peter Rabbit
99
Who wrote Winnie-the-Pooh and The Wind in the Willows?
Ernest H. Shepard
100
Who is known for illustrations?
Norman Rockwell
101
Who wrote of life in the communist slave-labor camps?
George Bernard Shaw
102
Who charged America's industries with being "oppressors" of common workers?
Upton Sinclair
103
Who called small-town American society a collection of "mass-moron"?
H. L. Mencken
104
Who are the Socialist writers?
```
George Bernard Shaw
H. G. Wells
Upton Sinclair
H. L. Mencken
Sinclair Lewis
```
105
Who are the Conservative writers?
```
G. K. Chesterton
J. R . R. Tolkien
George Orwell
Malcolm Muggeridge
C. S. Lewis
T. S. Eliot
```
106
Who wrote mystery stories, essays, and other works in moral absolutes and Christian philosophy?
G. K. Chesterton
107
Who wrote The Hobbit and Lord of the Rings?
J. R. R. Tolkien
108
Who wrote Animal Farm and 1984?
George Orwell
109
Who wrote about the horrors of the totalitarian state?
George Orwell
110
Who taught people to long for truth and goodness in his books?
J. R. R. Tolkien
111
Who is Britain's great literary apologist for the Christian faith?
C. S. Lewis
112
Who wrote Chronicles of Narnia, Screwtape Letters, and Perelandra?
C. S. Lewis
113
Who wrote "Ash Wednesday" and "Journey of the Magi"?
C. S. Lewis
114
What renounced war as a means of settling international disputes?
Paris Peace Pact in 1928
115
What is inflation?
Excess of money in circulation which causes the value of money to go down and prices to go up
116
What is the central banking system that controls the nation's money supply under the auspices of the federal government?
Federal Reserve System
117
What are stocks?
Investments or shares in some industrial or commercial company
118
What is speculation?
Risky investments for the chance of making a quick profit
119
What is "Black Tuesday"?
When the stock market crashed
120
What happened in 1825?
Russia becomes largest country in the world
121
What happened in 1848?
Marx/Engels issue The Communist Manifesto
122
What 5 events happened in 1917?
```
February Revolution
Provisional Government established
Nicholas II abdicates
Bolshevik Revolution
Lenin established Communist dictatorship in Russia
```
123
What happened in 1922?
Lenin creates Soviet Union
124
What happened in 1909-1915?
The Fundamentals are published
125
What 2 events happened in 1913?
Federal Reserve System is published
| Stravinsky's The Rite of Spring first performed in Paris
126
What happened in 1928?
Paris Peace Pact
127
What 2 events happened in 1929?
U.S. stock market crash
| Great Depression begins
128
What 2 events happened in 1933?
"New Deal" begins in America
| Humanist Manifesto published
