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History of Civilization HI 102 PCC > Test 4: Chapter 23-24 > Flashcards

Test 4: Chapter 23-24 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Communism?

A

A form of socialism which advocates the violent overthrow of existing governments with the goal of changing society and ultimately perfecting mankind

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2
Q

What does Communism always result in?

A

Totalitarian dictatorship that dominates the person, property, and even thought of its citizens by means of force and terror

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3
Q

Who formulated the basic ideas of Communism?

A

Karl Marx

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4
Q

Who was the first to put Communism into practice on a wide scale?

A

Vladimir Lenin

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5
Q

Who organized Marx’s ideas into a pseudo-scientific format?

A

Friedrich Engels

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6
Q

What is dialectic materialism?

A

That nothing but the material world exists and that material conditions alone determine how a person thinks, acts, feels, and believes.

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7
Q

Who said “From each according to his ability, to each according to his need.”?

A

Karl Marx

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8
Q

How did Marx view history as?

A

As a class struggle

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9
Q

What did Marx call religion?

A

“opiate of the people”

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10
Q

What became the foundation of Communist ideology?

A

The secular humanism embraced by Marx and Engels

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11
Q

What is the Communist Manifesto?

A

A pamphlet which laid out a program for Communist revolution

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12
Q

What did Das Kapital offer?

A

Offered a theoretical foundation for Communist ideology

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13
Q

What is the First International?

A

Workingmen’s Association

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14
Q

Where is Kiev?

A

The capital of Russia

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15
Q

Who are the Rus?

A

Viking Tribe that took over ‘Russia’

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16
Q

What did the Rus call the land that they conquered?

A

“Land of the Rus”, or Russia

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17
Q

What is Ivan III known as?

A

“Ivan the Great”

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18
Q

How did Moscow rise to prominence?

A

When Russia fell into the invading Mongol hordes

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19
Q

Who became the first true national leader of a united Russia?

A

Ivan the Great

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20
Q

What is a czar?

A

Caesar

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21
Q

Under who’s rule did Russia embrace feudalism?

A

Ivan the Terrible (Ivan IV)

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22
Q

Who poured their energy into expanding Russia’s borders to the Black Sea?

A

Catherine the Great

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23
Q

Who build Sr. Petersburg?

A

Peter the Great

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24
Q

Who promoted colonization specifically between Alaska and the Oregon Territory?

A

Alexander I

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25
Q

Under who’s rule did Russia become the worlds largest country?

A

Alexander I

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26
Q

What caused the loss of both land and prestige in Russia?

A

The Crimean War

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27
Q

Who became known as the “Czar Liberator”?

A

Alexander II

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28
Q

Who organized pogroms?

A

Alexander III

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29
Q

What are pogroms?

A

Periodic, organized massacres

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30
Q

What is Duma?

A

An elected Legislative body with limited powers

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31
Q

Who was the leader of Russia’s Labor Party?

A

Alexander Kerensky

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32
Q

What resembled a Western representative democracy?

A

Provisional Government

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33
Q

What spurred several mutinies in the military and a general workers’ strike that paralyzed the nation?

A

“Bloody Sunday”

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34
Q

Who named himself a “prophet” of Communism?

A

Vladimir Lenin

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35
Q

Who are the Mensheviks?

A

The minority

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36
Q

Who are the Bolsheviks?

A

The majority

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37
Q

Who are the Red Guards?

A

A Bolshevik military force to stir up trouble

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38
Q

Under who’s rule did Russia become the first Communist state in history?

A

Lenin

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39
Q

What successfully toppled the Provisional Government?

A

The Bolshevik Revolution of 1917

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40
Q

During what revolution did Russia become the first communist state in history?

A

Bolshevik Revolution

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41
Q

What is Cheka?

A

Secret police organization

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42
Q

Who are the White Russians?

A

Those who opposed Communists

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43
Q

Who are the Red Russians?

A

Those who favored Communists

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44
Q

Who formed the Red Army?

A

Leon Trotsky

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45
Q

Who murdered Czar Nicholas II and his family?

A

Bolsheviks

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46
Q

What did the Third International establish?

A

A worldwide Communist state

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47
Q

Who exiled Trotsky?

A

Stalin

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48
Q

What does the USSR stand for?

A

“Union of Soviet Socialist Republic”

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49
Q

What is the “New Economic Policy”?

A

Lenin’s form of Communism

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50
Q

What attempted to centralize all of Russia’s economic assets?

A

“War Communism”

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51
Q

Who became master of the Soviet Union?

A

Stalin

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52
Q

Who became one of the most brutal rulers of all time?

A

Stalin

53
Q

What brought all non-Russian nationalities under one centralized Communist regime?

A

USSR

54
Q

What was the purpose of the Five Year Plan?

A

To transform the soviet Union from a backward agrarian country into an industrial and military superpower

55
Q

What was Ukraine known for?

A

One of the most productive agricultural regions in the world

56
Q

What is genocide?

A

Extermination of a political, cultural, or ethnic group

57
Q

What did the Great Purge do?

A

It rooted out anyone who posed even the slightest threat to Stalin’s authority

58
Q

Who wrote The Gulag Archipelago?

A

Aleksandr Solzhenits

59
Q

Who/What is/are a kulak?

A

indpendent farmers

60
Q

Who were the most targeted group in the Great Purge?

A

The kulaks

61
Q

What was the cause of a cultural breakdown that threatened to destroy the very roots of Western Civilization?

A

Liberalism

62
Q

Who is a liberal?

A

Someone who desire freedom from something or freedom to do something

63
Q

What is modern liberalism?

A

The desire to be free from absolute standards and morals, especially those of the Scriptures

64
Q

What is conservatism?

A

The principle or practice of conserving (preserving) established traditions or institutions and imposing changes in them

65
Q

Who wrote Reflections on the French Revolution?

A

Edmund Burke

66
Q

What is positivism?

A

Nothing can be known except observable scientific “facts”

67
Q

What is psychology?

A

Study of the mind

68
Q

Who discovered psychoanalysis?

A

Sigmund Freud

69
Q

Who founded positivism?

A

Auguste Comte

70
Q

Who founded behavioral psychology?

A

J. B. Watson and B. F. Skinner

71
Q

What is pragmatism?

A

Philosophy that idea or an action should be judged solely by its results, regardless of any moral or Scriptural considerations

72
Q

What is existentialism known as?

A

“anti-philosophy”

73
Q

What is existentialism?

A

There is no truth or reality

74
Q

Who used the term “Leap of Faith?”

A

Soren Kierkegaard

75
Q

Who used the phrase “Gods not dead?”

A

Friedrich Nietzche

76
Q

Who developed “progressive education”?

A

John Dewey

77
Q

What is “progressive education”?

A

A distinct turn away from traditional education

78
Q

What is Humanism?

A

Worship of man

79
Q

What does the Humanist Manifesto show?

A

The “faith” in humanism

80
Q

What is the Humanist Manifesto II designed for?

A

A secular society on a planetary scale

81
Q

What did the Humanist Manifesto II call for?

A

Called for one world order

82
Q

What is “modernism”?

A

Religious Liberalism

83
Q

What is the “social gospel”?

A

Viewed church’s mission as one of social reform and political action

84
Q

Who was the leader of the social gospel movemet?

A

Albrecht Ritschl

85
Q

Who is the “Prophet of the Social Gospel”?

A

Walter Rauschenbusch

86
Q

Who is one of the social gospel’s most popular devotees?

A

Harry Emerson Fosdick

87
Q

What is ecumenism?

A

Outward union of all churches, denominations, and sects into one organization regardless of doctrinal differences

88
Q

Who are the “Fundamentalists”?

A

Christian’s who remained faithful to God’s Word

89
Q

Who is the “Prince of Expositors”?

A

G. Campbell Morgan

90
Q

Who was a Bible conference speaker throughout Britain and the United States?

A

W. H. Griffith Thomas

91
Q

Who wrote the devotional classic My Utmost for His Highest?

A

Oswald Chambers

92
Q

Who is the “Apostle to the Skeptics”?

A

R. A. Torrey

93
Q

Who was an editor for The Fundamentals?

A

R.A. Torrey

94
Q

What is impressionism?

A

An attempt to capture momentary, fleeting “impressions” received by the physical senses

95
Q

What is cubism?

A

Emphasis of random geometric forms and perspectives

96
Q

Who used cubism?

A

Pablo Picasso

97
Q

Who wrote Tale of Peter Rabbit?

A

Beatrix Potter

98
Q

What is the first modern picture book?

A

Tale of Peter Rabbit

99
Q

Who wrote Winnie-the-Pooh and The Wind in the Willows?

A

Ernest H. Shepard

100
Q

Who is known for illustrations?

A

Norman Rockwell

101
Q

Who wrote of life in the communist slave-labor camps?

A

George Bernard Shaw

102
Q

Who charged America’s industries with being “oppressors” of common workers?

A

Upton Sinclair

103
Q

Who called small-town American society a collection of “mass-moron”?

A

H. L. Mencken

104
Q

Who are the Socialist writers?

A 
George Bernard Shaw
H. G. Wells
Upton Sinclair
H. L. Mencken
Sinclair Lewis
105
Q

Who are the Conservative writers?

A 
G. K. Chesterton
J. R . R. Tolkien
George Orwell
Malcolm Muggeridge
C. S. Lewis
T. S. Eliot
106
Q

Who wrote mystery stories, essays, and other works in moral absolutes and Christian philosophy?

A

G. K. Chesterton

107
Q

Who wrote The Hobbit and Lord of the Rings?

A

J. R. R. Tolkien

108
Q

Who wrote Animal Farm and 1984?

A

George Orwell

109
Q

Who wrote about the horrors of the totalitarian state?

A

George Orwell

110
Q

Who taught people to long for truth and goodness in his books?

A

J. R. R. Tolkien

111
Q

Who is Britain’s great literary apologist for the Christian faith?

A

C. S. Lewis

112
Q

Who wrote Chronicles of Narnia, Screwtape Letters, and Perelandra?

A

C. S. Lewis

113
Q

Who wrote “Ash Wednesday” and “Journey of the Magi”?

A

C. S. Lewis

114
Q

What renounced war as a means of settling international disputes?

A

Paris Peace Pact in 1928

115
Q

What is inflation?

A

Excess of money in circulation which causes the value of money to go down and prices to go up

116
Q

What is the central banking system that controls the nation’s money supply under the auspices of the federal government?

A

Federal Reserve System

117
Q

What are stocks?

A

Investments or shares in some industrial or commercial company

118
Q

What is speculation?

A

Risky investments for the chance of making a quick profit

119
Q

What is “Black Tuesday”?

A

When the stock market crashed

120
Q

What happened in 1825?

A

Russia becomes largest country in the world

121
Q

What happened in 1848?

A

Marx/Engels issue The Communist Manifesto

122
Q

What 5 events happened in 1917?

A 
February Revolution
Provisional Government established
Nicholas II abdicates
Bolshevik Revolution
Lenin established Communist dictatorship in Russia
123
Q

What happened in 1922?

A

Lenin creates Soviet Union

124
Q

What happened in 1909-1915?

A

The Fundamentals are published

125
Q

What 2 events happened in 1913?

A

Federal Reserve System is published

Stravinsky’s The Rite of Spring first performed in Paris

126
Q

What happened in 1928?

A

Paris Peace Pact

127
Q

What 2 events happened in 1929?

A

U.S. stock market crash

Great Depression begins

128
Q

What 2 events happened in 1933?

A

“New Deal” begins in America

Humanist Manifesto published

History of Civilization HI 102 PCC (4 decks)

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