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History of Civilization HI 102 PCC > Test 1: Chapters 17-18+Constitution > Flashcards

Test 1: Chapters 17-18+Constitution Flashcards

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1
Q

Who is Charles Wesley?

A

John Wesley’s brother

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2
Q

Who became king after their father’s death?

A

Charles I

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3
Q

What is the National Assembly?

A

Official representative body of all the people of France.

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4
Q

What turned the tide of the French and Indian War?

A

When William Pitt the Elder became prime minister

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5
Q

What was France supposed to be?

A

A constitutional monarchy with a vary week king.

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6
Q

Who were William III and Mary II?

A

King and Queen of England in 1668

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7
Q

What was the greatest victory of Napoleon’s career?

A

Battle of Austerlitz

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8
Q

Who started the first Sunday school?

A

Robert Raikes

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9
Q

Where was Napoleon exiled to?

A

The Island of Elba

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10
Q

Who is George Washington?

A

First President of the United States

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11
Q

What did God send instead of judgment?

A

Mercy

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12
Q

How was the Presbyterian government ruled?

A

Through a series of representative bodies

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13
Q

What is the Grand Remonstrance?

A

A document stating additional grievances against the king, including statements regarding Puritan religious reform and further limitation of the king’s power.

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14
Q

When was the French and Indian War?

A

1754-1763

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15
Q

Who was Johnathan Edwards?

A

Pastor of the Congregational church in Massachusetts

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16
Q

What did David Hume promote?

A

Skepticism

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17
Q

Who’s the Father of the Constitution?

A

James Madison

Ps. He was 5’ 4”…………

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18
Q

What is an Encyclopedia?

A

A multivolume work that was an attempt to reorganize all human knowledge from the perspective of rationalism.

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19
Q

What protections are afforded states by the United States? (Article IV-VII and Amendments)

A

Find answer

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20
Q

An important political figure in late 18th-century England was_____, a jurist legal scholar who became the leading authority on English law

A

Sir William Blackstone

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21
Q

What are Pietists?

A

Those that attended the assemblies of Piety

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22
Q

In what house must bills regarding raising revenue originate?

A

House of Representatives

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23
Q

Who was Maximiliem Robespierre?

A

The most influential man in the French movement .

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24
Q

About 10 miles from Paris, Louis XVI had the famous _____ built.

A

Palace of Versailles

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25
Q

What article is the legislative branch?

A

Article I

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26
Q

When was Plymouth established?

A

1620

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27
Q

When did the Age of Enlightenment begin in France?

A

c. 1715

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28
Q

What article is the Executive branch?

A

Article II

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29
Q

What is the “Continental System”?

A

Forbade the importation of British goods into any European country under French control.

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30
Q

What is the Tenth Amendment?

A

Powers reserved to states and citizens

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31
Q

Americas first attempt to build a national government, the ______, proved to be unworkable and inadequate

A

Articles of Confederation

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32
Q

What was the greatest effect of the Wesleyan revival?

A

Rise of the Modern Missions

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33
Q

Who discovered the Sandwich Islands(Hawaiian Islands)?

A

Captain James Cook

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34
Q

What is the Fourth Amendment?

A

No search without a warrant

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35
Q

What article is the Ratification of the Constitution?

A

Article VII

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36
Q

What six purposes are specifically mentioned in the preamble?

A 
Form a more perfect union
Establish justice
Ensure domestic tranquility
Provide for the common defense
Promote the general welfare
Secure the blessings of Liberty
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37
Q

According to the Tenth Amendment who is the recipient of those powers not granted to the United States or those powers not forbidden for the states to exercise? (Article IV-VII and Amendments)

A

Find answer

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38
Q

Who became the prime minister of England in 1757?

A

William Pitt the Elder

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39
Q

What is the United Kingdom of Great Britain?

A

Official union of England and Scotland’s governments

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40
Q

What was one of the groups that broke with the state church?

A

Brethren

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41
Q

When was the Glorious Revolution in England?

A

1688

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42
Q

How many hymns did Newton contribute to the Olney hymns?

A

280 of 350

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43
Q

Who was the “Father of the Sunday School Movement”?

A

Robert Raikes

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44
Q

How often are House members selected?

A

2 years

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45
Q

Who was the first true prime minister of Britain?

A

Sir Robert Walpole

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46
Q

Louis XIV said “L’etat, c’est moi” which means _____.

A

I am the state.

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47
Q

What was the purpose of the National Convention?

A

To rule temporarily and write another new constitution.

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48
Q

What was a major cause of dissatisfaction in 1790?

A

The civil constitution of the clergy

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49
Q

Who was David Hume?

A

A philosopher of the Age of Reason

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50
Q

What amendment established a graduated income tax? (Article IV-VII and Amendments)

A

Find answer

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51
Q

Who was in the Left division?

A

Those who wanted the revolution to go much further in France

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52
Q

Who ruled the presbyterian form of church government?

A

Ministers and Presbyters (elders)

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53
Q

What was the Bourgeoisie led by?

A

Primarily the Middle Class

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54
Q

Who started the Pietist Movement in Germany?

A

Philip Spener

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55
Q

What is Skepticism?

A

The idea that to know truth is impossible, and that knowledge is uncertain

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56
Q

How did the English civil war start?

A

When the king raised his banner in the town of Nottingham.

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57
Q

What two conditions are placed on criminal trials? (Article IV-VII and Amendments)

A
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58
Q

What is the most important human statement of political principles in the history of the world?

A

Declaration of Independence

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59
Q

When was the Great Awakening in America?

A

c. 1730-1760

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60
Q

What is the Sixteenth Amendment (not part of the Bill of Rights)?

A

Federal income tax

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61
Q

Who arose in parliament to oppose Charles II as he became pro-catholic?

A

The Whigs

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62
Q

What was the purpose of the National Covenant?

A

Pledging to resist any attempt to change their religious institutions without their consent.

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63
Q

What article is the General Provisions?

A

Article VI

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64
Q

Who was the leader in education during the Pietist Movement?

A

August Franke

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65
Q

What is the Mass Revolution?

A

When the great mass of the common people below the bourgeoise began to rise.

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66
Q

What is James town?

A

The first permanent English settlement in the New World.

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67
Q

Who drafted the constitution of 1791?

A

The Constituant Assembly

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68
Q

_____ was the epitome of an absolute ruler.

A

Louis XIV

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69
Q

What is the metric system?

A

Systems of weights and measures

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70
Q

What article is the Judicial Branch?

A

Article III

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71
Q

Who is Louis XVI’s wife?

A

Marie Antoinette

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72
Q

What is the Tennis Court Oath?

A

Vowing to continue meeting until a national constitution had been written.

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73
Q

Who took the Tennis Court Oath in 1789?

A

The National Assembly

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74
Q

When was the 30 years war?

A

1618-1648

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75
Q

What did Rump Parliament declare?

A

King Charles I guilty of treason and had him beheaded.

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76
Q

What did the Glorious Revolution” do?

A

Secure once and for all the traditional rights and liberties of the English people.

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77
Q

Bureau is French for the word _____.

A

desk

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78
Q

Who are the Cavaliers?

A

Those who supported the king.

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79
Q

What was adopted on August 26, 1789?

A

Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

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80
Q

Who was appointed High Sherif of Bedfordshire in 1774?

A

John Howard

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81
Q

Why was it called the Age of Reason?

A

Several English philosophers and writers adopted forms of rationalism, deism, and other humanistic philosophies

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82
Q

How does mercantilism measure a nations wealth?

A

The amount of gold and silver it possessed

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83
Q

When was the “Glorious Revolution”?

A

1688

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84
Q

What did Alexis de Tocqueville say about Napoleon?

A

“He was as great as a man can be without virtue.”

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85
Q

What happened during the French and Indian War?

A

British fought the French and their Indian allies for the control of eastern America

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86
Q

Why was Cromwell’s army nicknamed the “Iron Sides”?

A

They were hardened by military discipline and stiffened by religious zeal.

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87
Q

For how long are senators chosen?

A

6 years

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88
Q

Who was one of the most noteworthy members of British Parliament during the 18th Century?

A

Edmond Burke

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89
Q

How many tours did Whitfield take throughout the colonies?

A

7

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90
Q

Who was in the Center division?

A

Those without any particular program or principles

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91
Q

What does 1792 mark?

A

The official beginning of modern missions

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92
Q

What is Jonathan Edwards most famous sermon?

A

“Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”

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93
Q

What’s started the “Eleven Years’ Tyranny”?

A

When Charles I openly proclaimed that he would rule England without Parliament or the people’s consent.

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94
Q

What was the Consulate?

A

The new republic

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95
Q

During what kings reign did the Industrial Revolution begin?

A

George II

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96
Q

Why did the colonies exist according to mercantilism?

A

For the good of the Mother Country - to help her gain wealth

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97
Q

How did Louis XVI die?

A

Executed on a guillotine

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98
Q

When was the United Kingdom of Great Britain formed/

A

1707

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99
Q

What is an authoritarian king?

A

A king who expected unconditional obeying to their authority.

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100
Q

What did the Third Estate include by 1789?

A

98% of the French population

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101
Q

What did Voltaire advocate?

A

A revolution to overthrow traditional institutions and establish a new order based on reason, science, and tolerance?

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102
Q

What are the 4 principles of the constitution?

A

Separation of Powers–to reduce tyranny
Federalism–to enhance liberty
Checks and Balances–to ensure cooperation
Bill of Rights–lists freedoms of the people

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103
Q

Who was William Carey?

A

Father of Modern Missions

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104
Q

What did the pilgrims do in 1609?

A

Fled to Holland to escape persecution

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105
Q

Who is the “Father of Modern Conservatism”?

A

Edmond Burke

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106
Q

What was the purpose of the First Continental Congress¿

A

To maintain freedom in America and reconcile their differences with Great Britain if possible

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107
Q

What was the purpose of the Petition of Right?

A

To reaffirm the liberties and rights which Englishmen had one in the past

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108
Q

When was Jamestown established?

A

1607

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109
Q

What did the metaphysical poets write about?

A

The mind, the soul, and eternity with much passion, logic, and imagery in order to express spiritual truth.

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110
Q

Under what reign did England colonize Georgia, the last of the English colonies in North America, for a total of 13?

A

George II

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111
Q

When was slavery abolished in the British Empire?

A

1833

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112
Q

Who controlled the National Convention?

A

The Left division

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113
Q

What were the estates in France?

A

1) The Clergy
2) The Nobility
3) Prosperous Middle-Class Merchant to Poor Peasant

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114
Q

Who was Voltaire?

A

the “Father of The Enlightenment”

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115
Q

Who led the combined British and Prussian armies?

A

Duke of Wellington

116
Q

Who was a great hero of the War for Independence and an important leader of the Constitutional Convention?

A

George Washington

117
Q

What does Bureaucracy mean?

A

Government by men who sit at desks.

118
Q

Who are the Émigrés?

A

French immigrants?

119
Q

How many people died in the “Reign of Terror”?

A

40,000 people

120
Q

In what person does the Constitution vest executive power?

A

The President

121
Q

What is Romanticism?

A

It exalted man’s emotions and imagination as the basis for truth, and advocated a “return to nature.”

122
Q

What colonies were founded under Charles II?

A

New York, New Jersey, Delaware, New Hampshire, Pennsylvania, and the Carolinas.

123
Q

When was the Storming of the Bastille in Paris?

A

1789

124
Q

When did the National Assembly declare itself?

A

June 17, 1789

125
Q

Where did Napoleon live out the remaining (6) years of his life?

A

The distant island of St. Helena

126
Q

Who helped William Cowper on a hymn collection called the Olney collection?

A

John Newton

127
Q

What did the Treaty of Ryswick do?

A

Established the status quo Ante Bellum (the existing state before the war)

128
Q

Who was crowned after Louis XVI?

A

Louis XVIII

129
Q

When did the French Revolution Begin?

A

1789

130
Q

Who wrote Paradise Lost?

A

John Milton

131
Q

What happened on July 14, 1789?

A

A Parisian mob stormed the Bastille.

132
Q

What is a republic?

A

Government ruled by elected representatives of the people

133
Q

What is popular education?

A

Education for all children

134
Q

Who founded Quebec in 1608?

A

Samuel de Champlain

135
Q

Who was the second Hanoverian King?

A

George II

136
Q

What is a Herrnhut?

A

Headquarters for Moravian missionary activities

137
Q

Who is known as “the Father of New France”?

A

Samuel de Champlain

138
Q

How much did the peasant earn?

A

About half of his annual income in taxes or fees of one sort or another.

139
Q

What was the third stage of the revolution?

A

Mass Revolution

140
Q

What happened on June 18, 1815?

A

Battle of Waterloo

141
Q

What was the third war England fought against France?

A

War of the Austrian Succession

142
Q

What is the Eighth Amendment?

A

No cruel and unusual punishment

143
Q

What exception is made to the trial by jury in criminal cases? (Article IV-VII and Amendments)

A

Find answer

144
Q

How many people could hear Whitfield when he preached?

A

30,000

145
Q

What battle was the “Shot heard ‘round the world”?

A

the Battle of Lexington Concord

146
Q

When was the final defeat of Napoleon?

A

1815

147
Q

What is the Battle of Leipzig known as?

A

“Battle of the Nations”

148
Q

What was Lord Horatio Nelson known to be?

A

The greatest naval hero the world has ever known

149
Q

What did The Social Contract call for?

A

A new order of society founded upon the “general will of the people”

150
Q

What is the most important series of wars in the history of the world?

A

Napoleonic Wars

151
Q

What is a Concordat?

A

A formal agreement

152
Q

What is a Bastille?

A

An old castle stronghold in Paris used primarily as a prison.

153
Q

What is the Second Amendment?

A

Right to Bear Arms

154
Q

What was the American War for Independence also known as?

A

The Revolutionary War

155
Q

What happened during the Battle of Naseby?

A

The roundheads decisively defeated the cavaliers

156
Q

Who was Adoniram Judson?

A

Father of American Missions

157
Q

What is the King James Bible?

A

The best loved and most widely used translation of God’s word ever produced.

158
Q

What ended the French and Indian War?

A

Peace of Paris

159
Q

What is Deism?

A

A religion that rejected Scripture and professed that God is an impressionable Being Who is revealed only in nature, and must be sought through man’s reasons’

160
Q

When was the Peace of West Phalia?

A

1648

161
Q

Who was in the Right division?

A

People who sat on the Right side of the assembly

162
Q

What did James I bring with him to England?

A

Very definite ideas about religion and the “divine right of kings” to rule with unlimited power

163
Q

What benefit did America have during the Revolutionary War?

A

Righteousness

164
Q

Where was the Battle of Blenheim?

A

Along the Danube River

165
Q

What was the Committee of Public Safety composed of?

A

12 men holding extensive police and judicial power

166
Q

Who appoints presidential electors?

A

“The Electors”

167
Q

What were Louis XV’s last words?

A

“After me the deluge.”

168
Q

Who ruled the episcopal form of church government?

A

The Bishops

169
Q

Where was the Battle of Trafalgar located?

A

On the southwestern coast of Spain at the entrance to the Strait of Gibraltar

170
Q

Who has the power to ordain and establish “inferior courts”?

A

Congress

171
Q

What is the Estates-General?

A

A legislative body in France

172
Q

Who ruled the thrown when William III and Mary II died?

A

Mary’s sister Anne

173
Q

What two men explored the central Mississippi River in 1673?

A

Jacques Marquette

Louis Joliet

174
Q

Who was the greatest literary figure of the 18th Century?

A

Samuel Johnson

175
Q

Who was the chief minister of France?

A

Cardinal Mazarin

176
Q

Who are the pilgrims?

A

A group of separatists.

177
Q

What does the “general will of the people” allow?

A

The people to overthrow their government and social institutions as they pleased.

178
Q

What is the purpose of the toleration act?

A

To take an important step toward true religious freedom in England.

179
Q

What did the League of Augsburg consist of?

A

England
The Dutch Republic
The Holy Roman Empire
Several other German states

180
Q

What are the two parts of the Congress of the United States?

A

Senate

House of Representatives

181
Q

What article is the States?

A

Article IV

182
Q

What is Philadelphia known as?

A

The Center of Colonies

183
Q

Who said “All that is necessary for the trial of evil is that good men do nothing.”?

A

Edmond Burke

184
Q

Who was Louis XIV’s minister of finance and what did he do?

A

Jean Baptiste Colbert—mobilized the country’s Economic resources through policies that developed trade with French colonies and encouraged industry at home.

185
Q

What is the commonwealth?

A

England’s new government

186
Q

What happened during the Battle of Leipzig?

A

The combined forces of Europe defeated Napoleon’s new army.

187
Q

What were the four results of the Great Awakening?

A

Church/Missions
Education
Religious Liberty
Political Liberty

188
Q

What line of England kings did George I begin?

A

Hanoverian Kings

189
Q

What did The National Assembly become in 1790?

A

Constituant Assembly

190
Q

What were Napoleon’s last words?

A

“Head of the Army”

191
Q

Who was friends with John Wesley?

A

John Howard

192
Q

What is the protectorate?

A

New Government in England set up by Cromwell

193
Q

When was the Battle of Waterloo?

A

1815

194
Q

What is the length of the president’s term?

A

4 years

195
Q

Who were the Jacobites?

A

A group of dissidents who supported the descendants of James II

196
Q

What is the South Sea Company?

A

A British investment firm

197
Q

What happened during the Eleven Years’ Tyranny?

A

England moved from a limited, representative government to an absolute and irrepressible monarchy.

198
Q

Why are “Methodist” called Methodists?

A

Because of their pious meetings and well-ordered methods of conduct

199
Q

When was the KJV Bible completed?

A

1611

200
Q

What was England’s greatest epic?

A

Paradise Lost

201
Q

What is the First Amendment?

A 
Speech
Press
Petition
Assembly
Religion
202
Q

What’s the importance of the Battle of Brooklyn Heights?

A

The foggy/rainy weather benefited Washington

203
Q

When was the Fire of London?

A

1666

204
Q

What king quickly fell from power?

A

Richard Cromwell

205
Q

Who established Massachusetts?

A

The Puritans who left England during the Eleven Years’ Tyranny

206
Q

What freedom does the Second Amendment protect? (Article IV-VII and Amendments)

A

Find answer

207
Q

Who produced the United States Constitution?

A

The delegates

208
Q

What happened on March 1, 1815?

A

Napoleon escaped Elba and landed off the coasts of France with a tiny army.

209
Q

What did the French Revolution begin as?

A

An Aristocratic Revolution

210
Q

Who was the first person to cross the Antarctic Circle?

A

Captain James Cook

211
Q

Who was placed in command of Parliaments armies?

A

Oliver Cromwell

212
Q

When was the National Assembly established in France?

A

1789

213
Q

What was the turning point of Colonial relationships?

A

French and Indian War

214
Q

In reality, what is the age of enlightenment known as?

A

The “dark age” for France

215
Q

What is the “Cult of Reason”?

A

When people worshipped the collective human intellect.

216
Q

Who was John Locke?

A

One of the most influential philosophers

217
Q

Who sailed down the Mississippi River?

A

Robert Cavalier de la Salle

218
Q

Where did the First Continental Congress convene?

A

Philadelphia

219
Q

What did Count Nicholas von Zinzendorf’s estate become?

A

Herrnhut

220
Q

What was England’s greatest allegory?

A

Pilgrim’s Progress

221
Q

Who is Marie Louise?

A

Napoleon’s 18yr old daughter.

222
Q

When was the Age of Reason?

A

Late 17th and early 18th Centuries

223
Q

What is a guillotine?

A

A device for chopping off human heads.

224
Q

What is George Whitefield known as?

A

“Apostle of Two Continents”

225
Q

Who chose the sun as the symbol of his reign, causing him to be named the “Sun King”?

A

Louis XIV

226
Q

Who inherited the thrown of France when Louis XIV died?

A

Louis XV

227
Q

What document became a masterpiece of history?

A

United States Constitution

228
Q

What is long parliament?

A

Ashley’s Parliament (When Parliament sat in session for 13 years–which is impressive because Ashley can’t sit still for 13 minutes.)

229
Q

What was the first permanent French colony in America?

A

Qubec

230
Q

Who was one of the longest reigning monarchs in history

A

Louis XIV

231
Q

Who’s father died when they were 5 years old?

A

Louis XIV

232
Q

What did Jean-Jacques Rousseau believe?

A

That man is naturally good, but society is bad.

233
Q

What was the Sunday School Movement seen as?

A

The beginning of popular education in Great Britain

234
Q

When was the war of the League of Augsburg?

A

1688

235
Q

What is the “noble savage”?

A

The idea that people in uncivilized are morally superior to civilized people.

236
Q

Who wrote Pilgrim’s Progress?

A

John Bunyan

237
Q

Who were the Round Heads?

A

Those who supported parliament.

238
Q

What was known as “New France”?

A

Canada
The Great Lakes region
The Mississippi Valley

239
Q

When was the “Great Awakening”?

A

1730-1760

240
Q

How many hymns did Charles Wesley write?

A

Over 6,500

241
Q

Who became king after Charles II death?

A

James II

242
Q

Who was the editor of the Encyclopedia?

A

Dennis Diderot

243
Q

What is a plebiscite?

A

An election in which the people express their will.

244
Q

Who were the Moravians?

A

United Brethren

245
Q

What did the cavalier poets write?

A

Lyrical poems about love and the pleasures of this world.

246
Q

What does bourgeoisie mean?

A

Middle Class

247
Q

What does Herrnhut mean?

A

“The Lord’s Protection”

248
Q

What kind of government is the United States to guarantee to every state in the union? (Article IV-VII and Amendments)

A

Find answer

249
Q

What is the “old regime”?

A

A system of government and way of life in pre-Revolutionary France

250
Q

What article is the Amendment Process?

A

Article V

251
Q

Who was George Whitfield?

A

The best known Great Awakening evangelist

252
Q

What is the Seventeenth Amendment (not part of the Bill of Rights)?

A

Direct election of senators

253
Q

In 34 years of his ministry, how many people did Whitfield preach to?

A

10million+

254
Q

Who is granted the authority to enter new states into the union? (Article IV-VII and Amendments)

A

Congress

255
Q

What is the Directory?

A

France’s new (5th) government

256
Q

What did the Second Jacobite rebellion’s failure help?

A

Helped establish the position of the Hanoverian monarchs

257
Q

What did Czar Alexander I do?

A

Withdrew Russia from the Continental System and began trade with England.

258
Q

Who was profoundly affected by the pietist movement?

A

August Francke

259
Q

When was the Battle of Lexington Concord?

A

April 19, 1775

260
Q

What battle ended the the War for Independance?

A

Yorktown

261
Q

Who wrote Commentaries on the Laws of England?

A

Sir William Blackstone

262
Q

What were the two important events during the reign of George I?

A

The unsuccessful Jacobite rebellion of 1715

Major economic and political crisis in 1720 caused by the illegal business practices of the South Sea Company

263
Q

What happened during the reign of George II and his successor George III?

A

England dominated most of North America

264
Q

What is rationalism?

A

The idea that man’s reason is the sole criterion for truth.

265
Q

What was the English Bill of Rights?

A

It permanently established English traditional political liberties

266
Q

Who is William Wilberforce?

A

One of the great Christian statesmen of English history

267
Q

Who was Robert Raikes?

A

Editor and Publisher of a large newspaper in England

268
Q

Who was the greatest British navigator and explorer of the Age of Reason?

A

Captain James Cook

269
Q

What is the balance of power?

A

The idea that no nation should be too strong or too weak.

270
Q

Who was John Wesley?

A

Great English Revivalist

271
Q

Who was appointed Archbishop of Canterbury?

A

William Laud

272
Q

What did the pilgrims do in 1620?

A

Sailed to America

273
Q

What territories did England claim in North America?

A

Virginia

New England

274
Q

What is Code Napoleon?

A

New law codes

275
Q

What happened at the Battle of Waterloo?

A

Napoleon met his final defeat

276
Q

What is empiricism?

A

Belief that experience is the only source of knowledge

277
Q

What did the Aristocratic revolution become?

A

The Bourgeoisie Revolution

278
Q

What is the August 4th Decrees?

A

The National Assembly ended the lords’ privileges of collecting land taxes from the peasants, hunting on peasants’ lands, and taking special privileges over peasants in courts of law.

279
Q

What five freedoms is Congress forbidden to constrain under the first Amendment? (Article IV-VII and Amendments)

A

Find answer

280
Q

What was The Enlightenment?

A

A movement that attempted to apply unaided human philosophy to all areas of man’s life in order to establish a new social order.

281
Q

Who was the “Father of French Romanticism”?

A

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

282
Q

What did the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen declare to the world?

A

“Liberty, Equality, Eternity, or Death.”

283
Q

What happened in June of 1812?

A

Napoleon began the Russian campaign

284
Q

What are citizens of one state entitled to when in another state? (Article IV-VII and Amendments)

A

All privileges and immunities

285
Q

What did Emile help?

A

To formulate modern ideas about permissive child rearing and progressive education.

History of Civilization HI 102 PCC (4 decks)

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