Chapters 21-22 Flashcards
1
Q
What is revolutionary nationalism?
A
A desire to break loose from their established governments and rule themselves based on what they saw as “natural boundaries” of national origin
2
Q
What is an anarchy?
A
Political disorder and violence; lack of any government idealism
3
Q
What is relativism?
A
Idea that truth is relative and dependent on man’s reasoning
4
Q
What is dialectic thinking?
A
Idea that one fact or idea (thesis) works against a contradictory fact (antithesis) to create a “new fact” (synthesis)
5
Q
Who is the “Father of Theological Liberalism”?
A
Friedrich Schleiermacher
6
Q
What did “higher criticism” question?
A
It questioned in the guise of scholarship the inspiration, authority, texts, and meanings of the Bible
7
Q
Who are modernists?
A
Religious Liberals
8
Q
How long did the Congress of Vienna last?
A
Eight months
9
Q
Who were the key diplomats in Europe and where are they from?
A
Czar Alexander I (Russia)
Lord Castlereigh (England)
Comte de Tallyrand (France)
Prince von Metternich (Austria)
10
Q
Who is the “Prince of Diplomats”?
A
Prince von Metternich
11
Q
Who was in the Quadruple Alliance?
A
Austria, Prussia, Russia, and Great Britian
12
Q
Who are the Creoles?
A
Spaniards born in the colonies
13
Q
What did the Holy Alliance follow?
A
Follow policy based on “holy religion, namely the precepts of justice, Christian charity, and peace
14
Q
Who is “the Liberator”?
A
Simon Bolivar
15
Q
Who are the Mestizos?
A
Latin Americans of mixed Spanish and Indian ancestry
16
Q
In what year was the Monroe Doctrine established?
A
1815
17
Q
Who helped Chile gain independence in 1818?
A
Jose de San Martin and Bernardo O’Higgins
18
Q
What is the Treaty of Adrianople?
A
Turks agreed to the term offered by England, France, and Russia
19
Q
Who colonized the Congo in Africa?
A
Leopold II
20
Q
Who organized Young Italy?
A
Giuseppe Mazzini
21
Q
WHen was Young Italy established?
A
1852
22
Q
What is Young Italy?
A
Secret society aimed at insurrection in Italy and ultimately unification through violence
23
Q
Who worked toward unification through diplomatic means?
A
Count Cavour
24
Q
Who organized a parliamentary group of revolutionaries known as the Red Shirts?
A
Giuseppe Garibaldi
25
Who was the first king of a united Italy?
Victor Emmanuel II
26
Who was the chancellor of Prussia?
Otto von Bismarck
27
What was the next step in Bismarck's plan for German unification?
Franco-Prussian War
28
Who was declared emperor of united Germany?
King Wilhelm
29
Who were the members of the lower chamber known as?
Reichstag
30
What happened in the "Era of Bismarck"?
Germany became a strong industrial and military power
31
Who dismissed Bismarck and took foreign affairs into his own hands?
Wilhelm II
32
Who organized the Navy League and set out to build up German sea power?
Admiral von Tirpitz
33
What is the Dual Monarchy?
Austro-Hungarian Empire
34
Who was King of Hungary and Emperor of Austria?
Francis Joseph I
35
WHo was in the Dual Alliance?
France and Russia
36
What is the Entente Cordiale?
Reconciled the differences between France and Russia
37
What did the Paris Commune establish?
Establish a more "democratic" system of government in the style of the first French Revolution
38
What is the Triple Entente?
Sealed alliance among Britain, France, and Russia
39
Who advocated democratic socialism?
Louis Blanc
40
What is Pantheism?
A false idea that God is not separate from nature but nature is God
41
What is democratic socialism?
Proletarians (workers) would publicly own and control productive industry
42
What is "Utopian Socialism"?
Founding of Utopian communities in which socialist ideas could be tried
43
Who expanded the field of physics with the quantum theory of matter and energy?
Max Planck
44
Who is "the Father of Nuclear Science"?
Ernest Rutherford
45
Who produced the planetary model of the atom?
Niels Bohr
46
Who revolutionized the scientific world with his theories of relativity?
Albert Einstein
47
Who is the best-remembered agricultural scientist?
George Washington Carver
48
Who found the source of yellow fever?
Dr. Carlos Finlay
49
Who took steps in eliminating yellow fever?
Walter Reed and William Gorgas
50
Who organized the Ford Motor Company in 1903?
Henry Ford
51
What is the name of Ford's inexpensive model?
Model T
52
What is the purpose of the assembly line?
To increase speed and cut cost of production
53
Who designed an "airship" called dirigible?
Count Ferdinand von Zepplin
54
Who made the first successful airplane flight?
Orville and Wilbur Wright
55
What was a direct result of the wireless telephone?
Radio
56
What was the first commercial broadcasting station?
KDKA
57
What happened in 1912?
The Titanic sank in the Atlantic Ocean
58
Who is in the Triple Alliance?
Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy
59
Who is in the Triple Entente?
France, Great Britain, and Russia
60
Who was assassinated in Sarajevo, Bosnia?
Archduke Francis Ferdinand
61
When did Austria declare war on Serbia?
July 28, 1914
62
What is World War I also know as?
Great War
63
Who are the Allies?
England, France, Russia, and their allies
64
WHo are the Central Powers?
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, and their allies
65
Italy remained neutral. Which side did it end up going?
The Allies
66
What is the "Miracle on the Marne"?
To summarize, French forces stopped the German advance and drove them back across the river. This saved Paris and the French army from capture
67
What are trenches?
Deep ditches used in battle for cover against enemy gunfire
68
What happened at Ypres?
British Expeditionary Force lost 50,000 men in its courageous defense against the German onslaught
69
How far did the Western Front stretch?
Stretched for 600 miles from the English Channel to the Swiss Alps
70
Who are the "tommies"?
Nickname for British soldiers
71
Who became supreme commanders of all Central Powers forces?
Paul von Hindenburg and Erich von Ludendorff
72
During what revolution was a provisional Government established?
Russian Revolution
73
Who overthrew the Provisional Government in the Bolshevik Revolution and established a Communist dictatorship in Russia?
Vladimir Lenin
74
Who led the Communist revolutionaries?
Vladimir Lenin
75
What did the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk do?
Signed Russia out of the war and surrendering much land and resources to Germany
76
Who is the "Lawrence of Arabia"?
T. E. Lawrence
77
Under who id the British and Australian troops capture Jerusalem in December 1917?
General Edmund Allenby
78
What was the largest British offensive in the East?
Gallipoli Campaign
79
Who was England's First Lord of the Admiralty?
Winston Churchill
80
What was the first victims of submarine warfare?
Lusistania
81
Where did the German fleet clash with the British Royal Navy?
Battle of Jutland
82
What are "aces"?
Pilots who shot down at least five enemy aircraft
83
Who is known as the "Red Baron"?
Manfred von Richthofen
84
Who destroyed 26 enemy aircraft?
American Eddie Rickenbacker
85
What did the Zimmerman Note propose?
Proposed that Mexico and Germany form an alliance if the United States entered the War
86
Who declared that "The world must be made safe for democracy"?
President Woodrow Wilson
87
When did Congress declare war on Germany?
1917
88
What is a "Big Bertha"?
Germany's famous long-range gun
89
Under the command of who did the American Expeditionary Force arrive in France at the rate of 30,000 men a month?
John J. ("Blackjack") Pershing
90
Who are "doughboys"?
Nickname for the American Soldiers
91
Who commanded the Allied armies?
Ferdinand Foch
92
What is the Weimar Republic?
A representative government in Germany
93
What is Armistice Day also known as?
Veterans Day
94
WHat are the "Fourteen Points"?
The only possible program for world peace
95
Who are in the "Big Four"?
President Wilson
Prime Minister David Lloyd George of England
Premier Georges Clemenceau of France
Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando of Italy
96
What is the "League of Nations"?
The most crucial step in maintaining future world peace
97
What was the chief result of the peace conference?
Treaty of Versailles
98
Approximately how many people died in the war?
More than 13 million people died from battle or disease, and as many as 21 million were wounded
99
When was the armistice signed?
November 11, 1918
100
What led to the Russian Revolution?
The growing discontent over the war
101
When did the Congress of Vienna occur?
1814-1815
102
When did the Monroe Doctrine come into play?
1823
103
What happened in 1830?
July Revolution brings Louis Philippe to French throne
| Belgium declares independence from Holland
104
What happened in 1848?
Karl Marx publishes Communist Manifesto
June days brings Louis Napoleon to French throne
French Second Republic established
105
When was the Franco-Prussian War?
1870-1871
106
What happened in 1903?
Henry ford organizes Ford Motor Company
| Wright brothers make first successful airplane flight
107
When did the Titanic sink of the Newfoundland coast?
1912
108
What happened in June 1914?
Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand and his wife of Austria by Serbian Anarchist
109
What happened in August 1914?
Germany declares war on Russia
| England declares war on Germany
110
What happened in July 1914?
Austria declares war on Serbia (beginning of World War I)
111
What happened in September 1914?
Miracle on the Marne
112
What happened in April 1917?
United States declared war on Germany
113
What happened in March 1917?
Russian Revolution begins
| Zimmerman Note incident
114
What happened in January 1919?
Versailles Peace Conference begins
115
What happened in February 1919?
League of Nations established
116
What happened in June 1919?
Treaty of Versailles signed
117
What happened in November 1919?
U.S. rejects Treaty of Versailles
118
What happened in November 1918?
Austria-Hungary and Germany surrender to Allies
| Armistice Day
119
What happened in October 1918?
Turkey surrenders to Allies
120
What happened in September 1918?
Bulgaria surrenders to Allies
121
What happened in March 1918?
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk pulls Russia out of war
122
What happened through May to July 1918?
U.S. troops stop German offensive at Cantigny, the Marne, and Belleau Woods in France
123
What happened through July to November 1918?
Allied counteroffice
