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Human growth and development > Test 4 > Flashcards

Test 4 Flashcards

1
Q

The period between early childhood and early adolescence, approximately from ages 6 to 11.

A

middle childhood

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2
Q

-immunizations, less lethal accidents and fatal illnesses are related too?

A

lower death rates

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3
Q

-better diagnostic and preventive medical care, less secondhand smoke, better health habits, specialized programs, improved oral health are examples of?

A

fewer chronic conditions

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4
Q

-average child gains about 2 inches and 5 pounds per year
-benefits of physical activity can last a lifetime
These are examples of what?

A

slow and steady growth

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5
Q

-Advances in physical, emotional, and mental health
-Academic achievement improvement
-Better cerebral blood flow and more neurotransmitters
-Better mood and energy
-Embodied cognition aided
These are examples of what?

A

the benefits of physical activity can last a lifetime

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6
Q

-sports not always beneficial
-traumatic brain injury
These are the concerns of _____________?

A

physical activity

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7
Q

Where can children benefit from exercise?

A

neighborhoods, schools, and sport leagues

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8
Q

-finding play places may be difficult
-modern life challenges neighborhood play
-economic barriers limit league and club participation
-time for school PE and recess is reduced in many schools
This is a problem with?

A

difficulties with exercise

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9
Q

many 6-11 year olds eat______, exercise ________, and become ______ or obese as a result

A

too much, too little, overweight

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10
Q

childhood obesity is ___________ worldwide, having more than ________ since 1980 in all 3 North American nations

A

increasing, doubled

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11
Q

excessive weight contributes to ___________, self-esteem _______, and loneliness

A

future health risk increases, decreases, failures

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12
Q

a measure of body weight relative to height

A

Body Mass Index (BMI)

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13
Q

in a child, having a BMI above the 85th percentile

A

childhood overweight

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14
Q

in a child, having a BMI above the 95th percentile

A

childhood obesity

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15
Q

-genetic influences
-parenting practices
These factors contribute what?

A

obesity

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16
Q

dozen of genes affect weight by influencing activity level, hunger, food preference, body type, and metabolism

A

genetic influences of obesity

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17
Q

-infants: no breast feeding and solid foods before 4 months
-preschoolers: bedroom TV watching and soda consumption
-school age: insufficient sleep, extensive screen time, little active play
These are all?

A

parenting practices

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18
Q

mothers try to keep newborns so clean that immune system doesn’t develop like it should

A

hygiene hypothesis

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19
Q

-drive for independence from parents expands the social world
-self-concept
This is all_____________

A

nature of the child

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20
Q

ideas about self that include intelligence, personality, abilities, gender and ethnic background

A

self-concept

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21
Q

The tendency to assess one’s abilities, achievements, social status, and other attributes by measuring them against those of other people, especially one’s peers.

A

social comparison and self-esteem

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22
Q
  • children value the abilities they have and become more realistic
  • self-esteem typically decreases in school children
  • some current research links low self-esteem with increased aggression, other findings link inflated self-esteem with male bullying and aggression
A

social comparison and self-esteem

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23
Q
  • 4th stage in Erikson’s 8 psychosocial crises

- characterized by tension between productivity and imcompetence

A

Industry v. Inferiority

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24
Q

attempt to master culturally valued skills and develop a sense of themselves as either industrious or inferior, competent or incompetent

A

children

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25
Q

-concrete operational thought
-classification
-seriation
-transitice inference
-information processing perspective
This is related to what?

A

cognition

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26
Q

Piaget’s term for the ability to reason logically about direct experiences and perceptions

A

concrete operational thought

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27
Q

The process of grouping things based on their similarities

A

classification

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28
Q

understanding order / arrangement

A

seriation

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29
Q

understand implied information

A

transitice inference

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30
Q

the model that seeks to identify the way that individuals take in, use, and store information

A

information processing perspective

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31
Q

based on senses, can remember a lot for a small time

A

sensory memory

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32
Q

visual, lightning

A

iconic sensory memory

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33
Q

auditory, processing words later

A

echoic sensory memory

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34
Q

process what’s happening, reading test questions

A

working memory

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35
Q

unlimited capactiy

A

long-term memory

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36
Q

particular topic you know about

A

knowledge base

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37
Q

any major cogniticve ability

A

control processes

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38
Q

thinking about thinking

A

metacognition

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39
Q

block out specific stimuli

A

selective attention

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40
Q

how quickly you can respond

A

reaction time

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41
Q

can do something without conscious thought

A

automatization

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42
Q

allow us to be more skilled in information processing

A

corpus callosum, myelination, prefrontal cortex

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43
Q
  • ability to use words and devices to communicate in various contexts
  • allow kids to change formal and informal codes to fit audience
A

pragmatics

44
Q
  • ELL’s (English Language Learners)
  • Immersion
  • Bilingual Ed.
  • ESL’s (English as a Second Language)
A

bilingual education

45
Q

no viable way to teach language so immersed into class / culture

A

immersion

46
Q

part of day taught in native language and part in english

A

bilingual eduction

47
Q
  • international schooling
  • At About This Time (math and reading)
  • hidden curriculum
  • international testing
  • gender differences
  • tables 7.2 and 7.3
  • choices and complications
A

learning in school

48
Q

what percent of americans age 5-11 have been diagnosed with asthma

A

15%

49
Q

____________ % US people rank in math

A

11

50
Q

___________% US people rank in reading

A

6

51
Q
  • abnormality is normal
  • disability changes year by year
  • life may get better/worse
  • diagnosis and treatment reflect the social text
A

developmental psychopathology

52
Q
  • Aptitude
  • Achievement tests
  • Multiple intelligences (Gardner)
  • IQ tests
  • Flynn effect
A

measuring the mind

53
Q

Capacity for learning; natural ability

A

aptitude

54
Q

tests designed to assess what a person has learned.

A

achievement tests

55
Q

The idea that human intelligence is comprised of a varied set of abilities rather than a single, all-encompassing one.

A

multiple intelligences

56
Q

tests designed to measure intellectual aptitude, or ability to learn in school (potential)

A

IQ tests

57
Q

The rise in average IQ scores that has occurred over the decades in many nations

A

Flynn effect

58
Q

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

A

ADHD

59
Q

conditions and disorders come in 2’s

A

comorbidity

60
Q

-misdiagnosis
-drug abuse
-normal behavior considered pathological
All of this causes?

A

increasing incidence concerns

61
Q
  • children responsibly perform specific chores
  • children make decisions about a weekly allowance
  • children can tell time, and they adhere to set times for various activities
  • children have homework, including some assignments over several days
  • children are less often punished than when they were younger
  • children try to conform to peers in clothes, language and so on
  • children express preferences about their after-school care, lessons and activities
  • children are responsible for younger children, pets, and in some places, work
  • children strive for independence from parents
A

signs of psychosocial maturation between 6-11

62
Q
  • capacity to adapt well to significant adversity and to overcome serious stress
  • dynamic
  • positive adaptation to stress
  • adversity must be significant
A

resilience

63
Q
  • circle of friend and activities
  • child’s interpretation of events
  • support of family and community
  • personal strengths such as creativity and intelligence
  • avoidance of parentification
A

factors contributing to resilience

64
Q

when child takes on parental role

A

parentification

65
Q

environmental factors that are experienced by all relevant members of a household

A

shared environment

66
Q

those environmental factors that are not experienced by all relevant members of a household

A

nonshared environment

67
Q

-influence of shared environment _________ with age

A

shrinks

68
Q

effect of nonshared environment _______ with age

A

increases

69
Q

children raised in the same households by the same parents do not necessarily share the same ____________-

A

home environment

70
Q

changes in the family affect every family member differently, depending on ___ and ______

A

age, gender

71
Q

most parents respond to each of their children

A

differently

72
Q

function is more __________ than structure but harder to _______

A

important, measure

73
Q

low income and high conflict _________ with family function in every nation

A

interfere

74
Q

-two-parent families
-single-parent families
-more than 2 adults
These are examples of ____________

A

diverse family structures

75
Q

What is the percentage of two parent families

A

69%

76
Q

What is the percentage of single-parent families?

A

31%

77
Q

What is percentage of more than 2 adults

A

10%

78
Q
  • nuclear family
  • stepparent family
  • adoptive family
  • grandparents alone
  • two same-sex parents
A

two-parent families

79
Q
  • Single mother (never married)
  • Single mother (divorced, separated, or widowed)
  • single father
  • Grandparent alone
A

single-parent families

80
Q
  • extended family

- polygamous family

A

more than two adult families

81
Q

percentage of nuclear families

A

55%

82
Q

percentage of stepparent families

A

10%

83
Q

percentage of adopted families

A

2%

84
Q

percentage of grandparents alone families

A

1%

85
Q

percentage of two same-sex parent families

A

1%

86
Q

percentage of single mother never married families

A

14%

87
Q

percentage of single mother (divorced, separated, widowed) families

A

12%

88
Q

percentage of single father families

A

4%

89
Q

percentage of single grandparent alone families

A

1%

90
Q

percentage of extended families

A

10%

91
Q

percentage of polygamous families

A

0%

92
Q

2 factors that increase likelihood of dysfunction in every structure, ethnic group, and nation

A

low income/poverty, high conflict

93
Q
  • any risk factor damages a family only if it increases the stress on that family
  • adults’ stressful reaction to poverty is crucial in determining the effect on the children
A

family stress model

94
Q

the particular habits, styles, and values that reflect the set of rules and rituals that characterize children as distinct from adult society (fashion, language, peer culture)

A

culture of children

95
Q
  • school age children value personal friendship more than peer acceptance
  • both boys and girls want to have best friends
  • social cognition
  • gender differences
  • older children
A

friendship

96
Q
  • girls talk more and share secrets

- boys play more active games

A

gender differences

97
Q
  • Demand more of their friends
  • Change friends less often
  • Become more upset when a friendship ends
  • Find it harder to make new friends
  • Seek friends who share their interests and values
A

older children

98
Q
  • neglected
  • aggressive-rejected
  • withdrawn-rejected
A

unpopular children

99
Q

ignored; not taken care of

A

neglected

100
Q

in your face, seeking attention

A

aggressive rejected

101
Q

easiest to bully

A

withdrawn-rejected

102
Q
  • physical
  • verbal
  • relational
  • cyberbullying
A

types of bullying

103
Q

hitting, punching, kicking

A

physical bullying

104
Q

teasing, taunting, name-calling

A

verbal bullying

105
Q

destroying peer acceptance and friendship

A

relational bullying

106
Q

using electronic means to harm another

A

cyber bullying

Human growth and development (4 decks)

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