Test 4

Question 1

morphospecies

Answer 1

populations that are designated as separate species based on morphological differences (looks)

Question 2

cryptic species

Answer 2

species that are indistinguishable morphologically, but divergent in songs, calls, odor, or other traits

species that look alike but have different DNA

Question 3

Evolutionist agree that a species is…

Answer 3

the smallest evolutionary independent unit.

Question 4

_____ was the “original” species concept and is widely used by people today.

Answer 4

Morpholospecies concept

Question 5

Why is the Morpholospecies concept not “perfect?”

Answer 5

Cannot be used for extinct species that may be different in color and/or soft tissue.

Question 6

Monophyly/Monophyletic group

Answer 6

lineages that contain all of the known descendants of a single common ancestor —–<

Question 7

The main criterion for the Phylogenetic Species Concept is ________.

Answer 7

molophyly

Question 8

The main problem with Phylogenetic Species Concept is….

Answer 8

application.

Question 9

The main criterion for the Biological Species Concept is ________.

Answer 9

intrinsic reproductive isolation.

Question 10

The problems with the Biological Species Concept is…..

Answer 10

asexual reproduction, allopatry, extinct species, and hybridization in plants.

Question 11

Reproductive isolation

Answer 11

occurs when populations of organisms fail to hybridize regularly in nature, or fail to produce fertile offspring when they do hybridize.

Question 12

Which concept is used in the US Endangered Species Act?

Answer 12

The Biological Species Concept

Question 13

Which 3 periods occurred in the Mesozoic?

Eocene, Paleocene, Cretaceous, Jurassic, Quaternary, Miocene, Triassic, Oligocene, Pliocene

Answer 13

Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous

Question 14

Which 6 periods occurred in the Cenozoic?

Eocene, Paleocene, Cretaceous, Jurassic, Quaternary, Miocene, Triassic, Oligocene, Pliocene

Answer 14

Paleocene, Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene, Pliocene, Quaternary

Question 15

Match the event with the correct time period.

Homo sapiens

Answer 15

Quaternary

Question 16

Match the event with the correct time period.

Land bridge complete between N and S America

Answer 16

Pliocene

Question 17

Match the event with the correct time period.

First bird

Answer 17

Jurassic

Question 18

Match the event with the correct time period.

Alps/Himalayas begin their rise

Answer 18

Oligocene

Question 19

Match the event with the correct time period.

First pollinating insects

Answer 19

Cretaceous

Question 20

Match the event with the correct time period.

First placental mammals

Answer 20

Cretaceous

Question 21

Pangaea completely together (intact)

Answer 21

Triassic

Question 22

What are three major domains of life?

Answer 22

Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukaryota

Question 23

Name one of the recent theories for the evolution of this basic tree of life leading to the three domains, and briefly explain how well the particular theory is supported by the evidence.

Answer 23

The Ring of Life which is the theory of a bacteria being engulfed by a archaea, which resists digestion. This lead to eukaryotic development. Evidence for this theory is the mitochondria in cells. However, evidence against the theory is the lack of a cytoskeleton in bacteria and archaea, so they cant engulf anything.

Question 24

Where is the mineral compound Montmorillonite found naturally? What organic compounds has this mineral compound allowed scientists to construct abiotically? Scientists have been able to use Montmorillonite to construct examples of these organic compounds that are how large (long)?

Answer 24

It is found in clay and allowed for nucleic acid development. The nucleic acids can be 50 pairs long.

Question 25

True/False: RNA by itself can be said to have both a phenotype and genotype, and therefore is adaptable under certain chemical selective pressures.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

True/False: In the vicariance model of speciation, the initial isolator of the populations is intrinsic (some form of reproductive isolation), followed by extrinsic (geographic) isolation.

Answer 26

False

Question 27

True/False: Polyploidy leading to a new species is by its very nature a sympatric speciation event.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

True/False: When radiation events take place on groups of islands, the youngest species should be on neighboring islands in the middle of the archipelago.

Answer 28

False

Question 29

True/False: It is impossible for speciation events to occur in less than one hundred years.

Answer 29

False

Question 30

True/False: The British Columbian Burgess Shale fossil beds contain a Cambrian fauna of animals in which all of the major animal lineages (arthropods, mollusks, echinoderms and vertebrates) are all present.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

At this point, we have no direct evidence of any multicellular animals from before the Cambrian.

Answer 31

False

Question 32

True/False: Polyploidy apparently never occurs in animals, due to the detrimental effects on the complex genetic developmental program in animals.

Answer 32

False

Question 33

Catalytic RNA's are called _____.

Answer 33

ribozymes

Question 34

The developmental characteristics involving formation of digestive openings that unites the chordates with the echinoderms is that we are both ____.

Answer 34

deuterostomes

Question 35

______ occurs when hybrids between two species experiencing recent secondary contact are either inviable or reduced in fitness, therefore enhancing the distinctness between the two species.

Answer 35

Reinforcement

Question 36

______ ______ is the evolutionary idea that suggests that there are periods of stasis followed by periods of relatively rapid radiation.

Answer 36

Punctuated equilibrium

Question 37

Swapping of genes between prokaryotes is called ____ gene ____.

Answer 37

lateral gene transfer

Question 38

Which is greater? 1. Reproductive isolation provided by premating behavioral differences between the species 2. Reproductive isolation provided premating temporal differences between the species

Answer 38

equal

Question 39

Which is greater? 1. Time since first insects appeared. 2. Times since first land vertebrates appeared

Answer 39

1.

Question 40

Which is greater? 1. Hybrid zone width if hybrid fitness is significantly lower than parents. 2. Hybrid zone width if hybrid fitness is equal to parents.

Answer 40

2.

Question 41

Which is greater? 1. Time since the cenancestor of the flowering plants 2. Time since the cenancestor of the vertebrates

Answer 41

2.

Question 42

Which is greater? 1. O2 in the atmosphere now. 2. O2 in the atmosphere 3.5 bya

Answer 42

1.

Question 43

Which is greater? 1. O2 in the atmosphere now. 2. O2 in the atmosphere in the early Carboniferous

Answer 43

2.

Question 44

Give an example of two (or more) species that are almost undoubtedly a result of a speciation event from a common ancestor. For your example, indicate what is the apparent event that separated the original populations that become the two (or more) species.

Answer 44

Hawthorne and Apple Flies. Apple flies likely developed from the Hawthorne fly. We know this because the Hawthorne tree was in the US before apple trees. A mutation occurred in females and they began to prefer to mate near apple trees instead due to a chemical preference.

Question 45

Name the 9 major phyla in order.

Answer 45

1. Porifera, 2. Cnidaria, 3. Platyhelminthes, 4. Nematoda, 5. Annelida, 6. Mollusca, 7. Echindodermata, 8. Arthropoda, 9. Cordata

Question 46

allopatry

Answer 46

living in different geographic areas

Question 47

The essence of ______ ______ is that physical isolation creates an effective barrier to gene flow.

Answer 47

allopatric speciation