Test 3

Question 1

For gray tree frogs, females are willing to travel to find males whose calls exhibit two features in relation to calls of other males. What are these two features?

Answer 1

Fast Pace and Long calls

Question 2

For gray tree frogs, females are willing to travel to find males whose calls are faster and longer in relation to calls of other males. Why does is make evolutionary sense that females select males based on both features?

Answer 2

Calling makes it easier for predators to find the frogs. Eggs are expensive! The frogs with these calls have survived meaning they are more fit to avoid predators.

Question 3

There is a third aspect of male frogs that some females (such as bullfrogs) also use to choose mates. This third quality is ____. How do some males get around the problem of not being able to produce this quality call?

Answer 3

Deepness of call (older)

Younger males cheat by sitting near the older males and wait for females to come near.

Question 4

What is the ultimate evolutionary reason why it would actually not make sense for organisms to be able to be immortal?

Answer 4

There are trade-offs for everything organisms to live a long period of time. They must mature slower which makes them at higher risk of predation or chance of events to happen before they are able to reproduce. Evolution requires death????? (Question 3b)

Question 5

True/False: When thermoregulating, garter snakes spend a majority of the time moving from sunny basking sites to shady areas on the surface of the ground.

Answer 5

False

Question 6

True/False: Mutualistic behavior, when it occurs, should be selected for in both species

Answer 6

True

Question 7

True/False: Altruism will only occur if the individuals involved can recognize one another.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

True/False: Altruism can be life stage specific, directed toward individuals of only a certain age.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

True/False: For male pipefish and seahorses, mating more times would significantly increase their fitness.

Answer 9

False

Question 10

True/False: If, in a family of organisms, a trait is expressed only in large species, then it can be inferred that the trait has a benefit for each of the large species.

Answer 10

False

Question 11

True/False: All novel traits are modified previously existing traits, and the pre-existing traits could be said to be preadaptive for the new novel trait.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Kin selection (as opposed to selection on you and your own reproduction) is the _____ component of inclusive fitness.

Answer 12

indirect

Question 13

______ is the term applied to the reproductive ability of some Hymenoptera to determine sex of the offspring by laying unfertilized vs. fertilized eggs.

Answer 13

Haplodiplody

Question 14

_____ (for themselves and females) are the resource that male iguanas are guarding in their territories. This, in turn, allows them more opportunities to mate.

Answer 14

Basking sites

Question 15

Which statement is greater: 1 or 2? 1. Size of Chinook Salmon eggs in nature
2. Size of Chinook Salmon eggs in a fish hatchery

Answer 15

1.

Question 16

Which statement is greater: 1 or 2? 1. Number of eggs placed in a single host by trichogrammatid wasps
2. Number of eggs that one host COULD support (assuming original host health is good)

Answer 16

2.

Question 17

Which statement is greater: 1 or 2? 1. Sexual dimorphism in monoecious, wind-pollinated plants
2. Sexual dimorphism in dioecious, animal pollinated plants

Answer 17

2.

Question 18

Which statement is greater: 1 or 2? 1. Drosophila’s toxicity of semen when raised in isolation or monogamous situation
2. Drosophila’s toxicity of semen when raised in competitive circumstances with rival males

Answer 18

2.

Question 19

Which statement is greater: 1 or 2? 1. Drosophila’s number of sperm in ejaculate when raised in competitive circumstances with rival males.
2. Drosophila’s number of sperm in ejaculate when raised in isolation or monogamous situation

Answer 19

1.

Question 20

What happened with the US and European snowy campion flowers in the outside common garden experiment in the US?

Answer 20

The snowy campion grows and reproduces faster and is stronger in the US than the European version which don’t do as well in the US.

Question 21

What happened with the US and European snowy campion flowers in the outside common garden experiment in Europe?

Answer 21

The US snowy campion didnt gorw good in Europe, got smut fungus, and was attacked by insects. The Europen version grew very good.

Question 22

Why does the European snowy campion only do good in Europe and the US one only do good in the US? Is this some kind of trade off?

Answer 22

The European version does good in Europe because it protects itself against the fungus and insects. However, this is not needed in the US so it doesn’t grow well. The US version is not protected from the fungus or insects so it gets killed in Europe but grows fine in the US.

Question 23

What are the two types of different urchin larvae? Which appears to have evolved from which?

Answer 23

Pluteus and Schmoo. The Schmoo evolved from the Pluteus.

Question 24

Explain the phototactic response of Daphnia reared in high predator densities when in relatively predator free water compared to predator dense water. Briefly, what remarkable experiment done with dormant eggs showed that this plastic phototactic behavior was genetic?

Answer 24

Daphnia in high predator waters show negative phototactic behavior and moved to dark waters to avoid the predators while the Daphnia in low predator waters did not move as far from the light. The dormant eggs showed the same phototactic behavior as their parents which shows that this trait is phenotypically plastic.

Question 25

Describe an example of a plant species where a single male can, in turn, completely monopolize the eggs produced by a single female.

Answer 25

The male orchids forcefully attaches pollinaria to bees. When the bee lands on a female, the pollen is deposited and no other pollen can inseminate that female. This gives that male sole access to the female.

Question 26

_______ is phenotype influenced by the environment and can evolve, may or may not be adaptive.

Answer 26

Phenotypic plasticity

Question 27

Intrasexual selection involves…..

Answer 27

male to male competition for access to females