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Evolution > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Populations with no selection, mutation, or drift are not ____.

A

evolving

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2
Q

If a population is not evolving, then frequencies of both the alleles in the population and the genotypes of individuals should remain ____.

A

fixed

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3
Q

p + q =

A

1

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4
Q

p^2 + 2pq + q^2 =

A

1

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5
Q

5 Assumptions of H-W Equilibrium Principle

A
  1. No selection
  2. No mutation
  3. No gene flow (immigration/emigration)
  4. No chance
  5. Mating is random
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6
Q

True or False: Of all the assumptions of the Hardy-Weinberg principle, the one that is most likely to be met in the biological world as a whole isolation with lack of gene flow.

A

True

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7
Q

True or False: It is possible to have a gene that is beneficial in a population become less frequent from one generation to the next.

A

True

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8
Q

True or False: It is possible for a trait to have both high heritability and noticeable environmental influences.

A

False

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9
Q

True or False: Both mutation and (random) sexual reproduction could be viewed as drift events.

A

True

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10
Q

True or False: Apline Skypilots, due to the harsher conditions, are typically slightly smaller on the tundra above treeline than they are below treeline.

A

False

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11
Q

_____dominance is the selective advantage of heterozygous individuals in a population.

A

Over

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12
Q

Drift tends to ____ the levels of heterozygosity in a population.

A

decrease

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13
Q

_____ _______ is the phenomenon which reduces linkage disequilibrium, which explains why sexual reproduction is useful in this situation.

A

Genetic recombination

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14
Q

For an asexually reproducing organism, _____ could be considered the main source of variation.

A

mutation

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15
Q

Codon ____ is the phenomenon exhibit where a specific codon for an amino acid with many possible codons is selected for in highly transcribed genes.

A

bias

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16
Q

Genetic drift (decreases/increases) variation within a population.

A

decreases

17
Q

Stabilizing selection (decreases/increases) variation within a population.

A

decreases

18
Q

Directional selection (decreases/increases) variation within a population.

A

decreases

19
Q

Isolation (decreases/increases) variation within a population.

A

decreases

20
Q

Bottleneck (decreases/increases) variation within a population.

A

decreases

21
Q

Homozygote advantage (decreases/increases) variation within a population.

A

decreases

22
Q

Self-fertilization (decreases/increases) variation within a population.

A

decreases

23
Q

Disruptive selection (decreases/increases) variation within a population.

A

increases

24
Q

Frequency-dependent selection (decreases/increases) variation within a population.

A

increases

25
Q

Mutation (decreases/increases) variation within a population.

A

increases

26
Q

Immigration (decreases/increases) variation within a population.

A

increases

27
Q

Does drift typically work in opposition to or reinforce the phenomenon. If either, explain.

A

Either. It works in opposition if the drift increases variation and reinforces if drift reduces the variation.

28
Q

Does immigration typically work in opposition to or reinforce the phenomenon. If either, explain.

A

opposition

29
Q

Does mutation typically work in opposition to or reinforce the phenomenon. If either, explain.

A

Either. Opposition if the mutation is not beneficial. Reinforces if the mutation is beneficial.

30
Q

Does mutation typically work in opposition to or reinforce the phenomenon. If either, explain.

A

Either. Opposition if the mutation is not beneficial. Reinforces if the mutation is beneficial.

31
Q

Does mate choice typically work in opposition to or reinforce the phenomenon. If either, explain.

A

reinforces

32
Q

Why are non-banded water snakes found on the islands in Lake Erie. Explain why there are some banded forms found on the same islands.

A

The islands have plain rocks for the sakes to get sun on. The non-banded snakes are hidden from predators. Banded snakes are still seen because they are able migrate into the islands despite the predation when they are on the rocks.

33
Q

What are the two components of fitness?

A

Survival to reproduction age and reproduction once getting to reproduction age.

34
Q

selection pressures are …….

A

anything that can change the fitness of a phenotype in a population (weather, food, water, mates, shelter, etc.)

35
Q

Overdominance is selective advantage for (homo-/hetero-)zygotes

A

hetero

36
Q

Homozygous advantage is known as

A

underdominance

Evolution (5 decks)

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