Test 2

Question 1

Populations with no selection, mutation, or drift are not ____.

Answer 1

evolving

Question 2

If a population is not evolving, then frequencies of both the alleles in the population and the genotypes of individuals should remain ____.

Answer 2

fixed

Question 3

p + q =

Answer 3

1

Question 4

p^2 + 2pq + q^2 =

Answer 4

1

Question 5

5 Assumptions of H-W Equilibrium Principle

Answer 5

1. No selection
2. No mutation
3. No gene flow (immigration/emigration)
4. No chance
5. Mating is random

Question 6

True or False: Of all the assumptions of the Hardy-Weinberg principle, the one that is most likely to be met in the biological world as a whole isolation with lack of gene flow.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

True or False: It is possible to have a gene that is beneficial in a population become less frequent from one generation to the next.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

True or False: It is possible for a trait to have both high heritability and noticeable environmental influences.

Answer 8

False

Question 9

True or False: Both mutation and (random) sexual reproduction could be viewed as drift events.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

True or False: Apline Skypilots, due to the harsher conditions, are typically slightly smaller on the tundra above treeline than they are below treeline.

Answer 10

False

Question 11

_____dominance is the selective advantage of heterozygous individuals in a population.

Answer 11

Over

Question 12

Drift tends to ____ the levels of heterozygosity in a population.

Answer 12

decrease

Question 13

_____ _______ is the phenomenon which reduces linkage disequilibrium, which explains why sexual reproduction is useful in this situation.

Answer 13

Genetic recombination

Question 14

For an asexually reproducing organism, _____ could be considered the main source of variation.

Answer 14

mutation

Question 15

Codon ____ is the phenomenon exhibit where a specific codon for an amino acid with many possible codons is selected for in highly transcribed genes.

Answer 15

bias

Question 16

Genetic drift (decreases/increases) variation within a population.

Answer 16

decreases

Question 17

Stabilizing selection (decreases/increases) variation within a population.

Answer 17

decreases

Question 18

Directional selection (decreases/increases) variation within a population.

Answer 18

decreases

Question 19

Isolation (decreases/increases) variation within a population.

Answer 19

decreases

Question 20

Bottleneck (decreases/increases) variation within a population.

Answer 20

decreases

Question 21

Homozygote advantage (decreases/increases) variation within a population.

Answer 21

decreases

Question 22

Self-fertilization (decreases/increases) variation within a population.

Answer 22

decreases

Question 23

Disruptive selection (decreases/increases) variation within a population.

Answer 23

increases

Question 24

Frequency-dependent selection (decreases/increases) variation within a population.

Answer 24

increases

Question 25

Mutation (decreases/increases) variation within a population.

Answer 25

increases

Question 26

Immigration (decreases/increases) variation within a population.

Answer 26

increases

Question 27

Does drift typically work in opposition to or reinforce the phenomenon. If either, explain.

Answer 27

Either. It works in opposition if the drift increases variation and reinforces if drift reduces the variation.

Question 28

Does immigration typically work in opposition to or reinforce the phenomenon. If either, explain.

Answer 28

opposition

Question 29

Does mutation typically work in opposition to or reinforce the phenomenon. If either, explain.

Answer 29

Either. Opposition if the mutation is not beneficial. Reinforces if the mutation is beneficial.

Question 30

Does mutation typically work in opposition to or reinforce the phenomenon. If either, explain.

Answer 30

Either. Opposition if the mutation is not beneficial. Reinforces if the mutation is beneficial.

Question 31

Does mate choice typically work in opposition to or reinforce the phenomenon. If either, explain.

Answer 31

reinforces

Question 32

Why are non-banded water snakes found on the islands in Lake Erie. Explain why there are some banded forms found on the same islands.

Answer 32

The islands have plain rocks for the sakes to get sun on. The non-banded snakes are hidden from predators. Banded snakes are still seen because they are able migrate into the islands despite the predation when they are on the rocks.

Question 33

What are the two components of fitness?

Answer 33

Survival to reproduction age and reproduction once getting to reproduction age.

Question 34

selection pressures are .......

Answer 34

anything that can change the fitness of a phenotype in a population (weather, food, water, mates, shelter, etc.)

Question 35

Overdominance is selective advantage for (homo-/hetero-)zygotes

Answer 35

hetero

Question 36

Homozygous advantage is known as

Answer 36

underdominance