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Intro to Human Anatomy Test 1 > Test 4 > Flashcards

Test 4 Flashcards

1
Q

List the special senses

A

Taste, smell, sight, hearing

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2
Q

Which senses give us taste?

A

gustation (taste) and olfaction (smell)

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3
Q

List the 5 taste bud sensations

A

Sweet, salt, sour, bitter, umami (meaty)

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4
Q

Which 2 types of papilla house taste buds?

A

Fungiform and vallate papillae

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5
Q

List the 3 regions of the ear

A

Inner, outer, and middle ear

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6
Q

What is found in the tympanic cavity?

A

air and ossicles

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7
Q

List the ossicles

A

Malleus, incus, and stapes

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8
Q

Define conjunctiva

A

The mucous membrane that covers the front of the eye and lines the inside of the eyelids; lubricates and protects the eye

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9
Q

What do lacrimal glands do?

A

Secrete tears

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10
Q

What are the types of photoreceptors?

A

Rod and cone cells

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11
Q

What are the two types of hormones?

A

Amino acid-based hormones or steroids

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12
Q

List hormones from the anterior pituitary

A

GH, TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, MSH, and PRL

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13
Q

What does ACTH do?

A

Stimulates the adrenal cortex to release corticosteroids

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14
Q

List the hormones from the adrenal medulla

A

epinephrine and norepinephrine

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15
Q

List the hormones from the pineal gland

A

Melatonin

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16
Q

List the non hormonal products of the pancreas

A

Alpha and beta cells

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17
Q

Which glands regulate growth?

A

Growth hormone?

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18
Q

Which hormones regulate calcium and how do they interact?

A

Parathyroid hormone acts to oppose the effects of calcitonin which lowers calcium levels

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19
Q

What does the thymus do?

A

Develop the T lymphocytes (T cells) of the immune system

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20
Q

List organs that secrete hormones (not just endocrine glands).

A

pancreas, heart, kidney, adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla, thymus, ovary, testis, thyroid, and pineal

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21
Q

What are the 2 main divisions of blood?

A

Liquid plasma and formed elements

22
Q

List the formed element of the blood

A

Erythrocytes (RBC’s), leukocytes (WBC’s), and platelets

23
Q

List plasma proteins

A

Albumin, globulins, fibrinogen

24
Q

List the 5 main types of WBC

A

Granulocytes: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils Agranulocytes: lymphocytes, monocytes

25
Q

Define anemia

A

Insufficient RBC’s or hemoglobin; creates insufficient oxygen; Causes: blood loss, iron deficiency, B12 or folic acid jdeficiency, abnormal (rapid) destruction of RBC’s

26
Q

Which WBC increases with a parasitic infection?

A

Eosinophils

27
Q

What is the job of platelets?

A

Platelets function in the clotting mechanism by forming a temporary plug that helps seal breaks in blood vessels

28
Q

Define hemocytoblast

A

A type of stem cell that produces blood cells

29
Q

Why do RBC not use the oxygen they transport?

A

Because they don’t have mitochondria

30
Q

What are the 2 types of lymphocytes?

A

T cells and B cells

31
Q

What is the pericardium?

A

Heart covering; protects and anchors the heart; prevents overfilling

32
Q

The visceral pericardium is also called?

A

Epicardium

33
Q

What is the myocardium composed of?

A

Layer of cardiac muscle

34
Q

What is the hearts position?

A

Superior (above) surface of diaphragm; left of the midline, anterior (in front of) to the vertebral column; posterior (behind) to the sternum

35
Q

Define apex

A

The point of the heart; left of midline and anterior to rest of the heart

36
Q

What is the job of the valves in the circulatory system?

A

Insure unidirectional blood flow through the heart

37
Q

What supplies blood to the muscles of the heart?

A

The coronary arteries

38
Q

Trace a drop of blood through the circulatory system

A

Superior vena cava -> right atrium -> tricuspid valve -> right ventricle -> pulmonary semilunar valve -> pulmonary arteries -> lungs -> pulmonary veins -> left atrium -> bicuspid valve -> left ventricle -> aortic semilunar valve -> aorta -> systemic circulation

39
Q

What is the SA node?

A

Sinoatrial node that generates impulses about 70-80 times/minute

40
Q

Define tachycardia

A

Heart rate over 100 beats/min

41
Q

Define bradycardia

A

Heart rate less than 60 beats/min

42
Q

List the tunica of the blood vessels and how they are related

A

tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica externa

43
Q

List the arteries by size

A

Elastic (conducting) arteries > muscular arteries > arterioles

44
Q

Which arterial tunic will have the greatest amount of smooth muscle

A

tunica media

45
Q

Describe a fenestrated capillary

A

An endothelium riddled with pores; greater permeability than other capillaries

46
Q

Which capillary type is the most common?

A

Continuous capillaries

47
Q

What is the job of the pulmonary circuit?

A

Arteries which deliver blood to the lungs; capillaries in the lungs where gas exchange occurs

48
Q

List the unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta

A

Celiac, superior messenteric arteries, and inferior messenteric arteries

49
Q

The abdominal aorta becomes?

A

The common iliac

50
Q

What does the vasa vasorum do?

A

It’s the vessels of the blood vessels

Intro to Human Anatomy Test 1 (4 decks)

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