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Intro to Human Anatomy Test 1 > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What does axial musculature arise from and attach to?

A

Axial Skeleton

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2
Q

What does the appendicular musculature control?

A

It moves and stabilizes components of the appendicular skeleton (girdles and limbs)

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3
Q

What muscles make up the rotator cuff?

A

Subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor

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4
Q

List the muscles that flex the elbow.

A

Brachialis and brachioradialis

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5
Q

List the muscles that pronate the forearm.

A

Pronator teres muscle and pronator quadratus muscle

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6
Q

List the muscles that flex the wrist.

A

flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi radialis, and palmaris longus

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7
Q

List the muscles that move the wrist

A

Extensor carpi radialis and extensor carpi ulnaris

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8
Q

List the flexors of the leg

A

Piriformis muscle and obturator muscles

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9
Q

Axial muscles control the action of what structures?

A

Head, neck, vertebral column, oblique and rectus muscles

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10
Q

List the muscles that extend the leg

A

vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and rectus femoris

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11
Q

What is the most common lever system?

A

Tweezers: weight-work-fulcrum

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12
Q

List the two main divisions of the nervous system

A

Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System

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13
Q

What make up the PNS?

A

Cranial and spinal nerves

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14
Q

What are the effectors?

A

Muscles or glands

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15
Q

List the functions of the neuroglia

A

Provide a supportive scaffolding for neurons. And cover all nonsynaptic parts of the neurons (thereby insulating the neurons and keeping the electrical activities of adjacent neurons from interfering with each other)

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16
Q

List the components of a neuron

A

Dendrite, axon, axon hillock, soma, axon terminal, ganglia, chromatophilic (nissl) bodies, and neurofibrals

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17
Q

List the neuroglia cells

A

Microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymal

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18
Q

Define axon hillock

A

Base of axon

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19
Q

Define axon terminal

A

Knob-like end of an axon

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20
Q

What is the structural classification of a neuron based on?

A

bipolar, fused dendrites, and axon

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21
Q

List the 3 functional neuron types

A

Sensory, motor, or integrative

22
Q

Somatic motor fibers innervate what tissue?

A

Skeletal muscle

23
Q

List the structures of the CNS

A

Brain, spinal cord, and interneuron integrate sensory info into a motor response

24
Q

List the major divisions of the brain

A

Cerebrum, diencephalon, cerebellum, and brainstem

25
Q

What is made at the choroid plexus?

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

26
Q

What is a gyri?

A

Bumps, convolutions, or twisted ridges of brain tissue

27
Q

List the functions of the limbic system

A

Controls emotions, produces feelings, and interprets sensory impulses

28
Q

List the parts of the diencephalon

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus

29
Q

What are the three types of meninges?

A

dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater

30
Q

What are the characteristics of the three types of meninges?

A

cover and protect the CNS, enclose and protect the blood vessels that supply the CNS, and contain the cerebrospinal fluid

31
Q

Where is the cardiovascular center housed?

A

medulla oblongata

32
Q

Where can CSF be found?

A

In the ventricles of the brain

33
Q

What types of cell bodies are found in posterior horn of the spinal cord?

A

Contains somatic and visceral sensory nuclei (gray matter)

34
Q

Where do we find cranial nerves?

A

In the brain

35
Q

List the cranial nerves that are both sensory and motor

A

V. Trigeminal, VII. Facial, IX. Glossopharyngeal, X. Vagus

36
Q

Define dermatome

A

An area of skin that the cutaneous branches of sensory nerve fibers of a particular spinal nerve innervate

37
Q

List the three cranial nerves that are sensory

A

VIII. Vestibulocochlear, II. Optic, and I. Olfactory

38
Q

List the spinal levels that have 5 spinal nerves

A

Lumbar and sacral

39
Q

Define a ganglion

A

Collection of neuron cell bodies outside the central nervous system

40
Q

List the major spinal nerve plexuses

A

Cervical plexus, brachial plexus, and lumbosacral plexus

41
Q

List the characteristics of the cervical plexus

A

Formed by anterior branches of C1-C4 spinal nerves; lies deep in neck; supply to muscles and skin of the neck

42
Q

List the characteristics of the brachial plexus

A

Formed by anterior branches of C5-T1; lies deep within shoulders

43
Q

Which nerve is associated with equilibrium?

A

Vestibulocochlear

44
Q

List the nerves associated with taste

A

Glossopharyngeal

45
Q

What are the 2 main divisions of the ANS?

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

46
Q

List the activities of the sympathetic division

A

Exercise, excitement, emergency, and embarassment

47
Q

What is the effector of the somatic nervous system?

A

Skeletal muscles

48
Q

Define phantom pain

A

Pain that feels like it’s coming from a body part that is no longer there (from CNS)

49
Q

List the effects of parasympathetic division control

A

Blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rates or low; gastrointestinal tract activity is high; skin is warm and the pupils are constricted

50
Q

List the preganglionic origins for the 4 pathways

A

thorax, abdomen, pelvis, and synapses (in the adrenal medulla)

Intro to Human Anatomy Test 1 (4 decks)

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