Test 2

Question 1

Fracture most common in kids?

Answer 1

Greenstick

Question 2

Cell that breaks down bone cells?

Answer 2

Osteoclasts

Question 3

Broken bone that doesn’t penetrate the skin

Answer 3

Simple (closed)

Question 4

List functions of the skeletal system

Answer 4

Support, protection, movement, blood cell production, energy metabolism, and mineral storage

Question 5

Define Apposition bone growth

Answer 5

(Diameter growth) cells in the perichondrium secrete matrix against the external face of the existing cartilage

Question 6

How does endochondral ossification work?

Answer 6

Bones begin as hyaline cartilage and this forms models for future bones

Question 7

What are the two forms of ossification?

Answer 7

Intramembranous Ossification and Endochondral Ossification

Question 8

List aspects (tissues, components) of living bone

Answer 8

Bone tissue, nervous tissue, blood tissue, cartilage, and epithelial tissue

Question 9

What are the two types of bone tissue?

Answer 9

Compact and spongy

Question 10

Define periosteum

Answer 10

Outer connective tissue membrane on long bone

Question 11

Two regions of a vertebra?

Answer 11

Body and arches

Question 12

Where do the secondary curves of the axial skeleton form?

Answer 12

Lumbar vertebrae

Question 13

What are the two divisions of the skeletal system?

Answer 13

The axial skeleton and the appendicular system

Question 14

What is the foramen magnum?

Answer 14

A large hole at the base of the occipital bone; the spinal cord passes through it to connect with the brain

Question 15

List the types of vertebra

Answer 15

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum, and Coccyx

Question 16

List the bones that articulate with the temporal bone

Answer 16

Occipital, frontal, parietal, and mandible, zygomatic, sphenoid

Question 17

Which vertebra can hold the most weight when lifting?

Answer 17

Lumbar vertebra

Question 18

Define the three types of ribs

Answer 18

True ribs- attach directly to the sternum
False ribs- attach to the sternum indirectly
Floating ribs - have no anterior attachments

Question 19

Where does the shoulder girdle attach to the axial skeleton?

Answer 19

At the clavicles (collarbone) and scapula (shoulder blades)

Question 20

What is the acetabulum?

Answer 20

A deep hemispherical socket on the lateral pelvic surface that receives the ball-shaped head of the femur at the hip joint

Question 21

What is the lateral maleolus?

Answer 21

The inferior end (bottom) of the fibula (the skinny bone of leg)

Question 22

List the carpal bones

Answer 22

Hamate, capitate, pisiform, triquetrum, lunate, trapezium, trapezoid, and scaphoid

Question 23

List the bones of the shoulder girdle

Answer 23

Anterior clavicles and posterior scapulae`

Question 24

In scientific term, what is the first bone of the ring finger called?

Answer 24

IV Proximal Phalange

Question 25

Define syndesmosis

Answer 25

A sheet or bundle of fibrous tissue connecting bones

Question 26

What joint has the greatest range of motion in the human body?

Answer 26

Ball-and-socket joint

Question 27

List the functions of synovial fluid

Answer 27

Lubricates, provides shock absorption, and provides nourishment to chondrocytes

Question 28

Define abduction

Answer 28

Movement of a limb away from the body midline; e.g. Raising the arm or thigh laterally

Question 29

Describe pronation

Answer 29

It occurs when the radius (bone in arm) rotates medially so that the palm faces posteriorly (belly side down). Pronation brings the radius across the ulna so that the two bones form an X

Question 30

What is the energy used for muscle contraction?

Answer 30

ATP

Question 31

What is a sarcomere?

Answer 31

Smallest contractile unit of muscle (make up myofibrils)

Question 32

List the three muscle types

Answer 32

Skeletal, Muscle, and Cardiac

Question 33

List the ways used to name muscles

Answer 33

Location of muscle, shape of muscle, relative size, direction of fibers, number of origins, location of attachments, and action

Question 34

Where is the coronal suture?

Answer 34

It occurs anteriorly where the parietal bones meet the frontal bone (in the skull)

Question 35

List the bones of the axial skeleton

Answer 35

The skull, vertebral column, and bony thorax (sternum/ribs); 80 bones total

Question 36

Define sesamoid bone and give example

Answer 36

Special type of short bone that forms within a tendon; e.g. patella (kneecap)

Question 37

What is the iliac crest?

Answer 37

The superior edge of the ilium (hip bone)

Question 38

List the bones of the pelvic girdle

Answer 38

Illium, ischium, and pubis

Question 39

Define bursa

Answer 39

Flattened, fibrous sacs lined with synovial membranes and containing synovial fluid

Question 40

Define flexion

Answer 40

Flexion decreases the angle between the bones, bring these bones closer together (bringing chin to chest)

Question 41

Define myofibrils

Answer 41

Rod like bundle of contractile myophilaments in the cytoplasm of a skeletal muscle cell; made of repeating segments called sarcomeres

Question 42

Define neuromuscular junction

Answer 42

Site where an axon and muscle fiber meet

Question 43

List the bones of the upper limb

Answer 43

Humerus, radius, ulna, carpus (wrist), metacarpus (palm), and phalanges

Question 44

What type of joint are the interphalangeal?

Answer 44

Hinge joint

Question 45

Define sarcolemma

Answer 45

Muscle plasma membrane

Question 46

Where do we find a saddle joint?

Answer 46

Carpometacarpal joints of the thumbs

Question 47

Neurotransmitter that causes muscle contraction is?

Answer 47

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 48

Define opposition

Answer 48

Moving the thumbs to touch the tips of the other fingers

Question 49

List the special features of skeletal muscle

Answer 49

Usually attached to bones, somatic (under conscious control), and striated

Question 50

What layers of the muscle forms the tendon?

Answer 50

Epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium