Test 4 Flashcards
anticipatory contrast
the process whereby the rate of response varies inversely with an upcoming (“anticipated”) change in the rate of reinforcement
behavioral contrast
a change in the rate of reinforcement on one component of a multiple schedule produces an opposite change in the rate of reinforcement
Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior (DRO)
reinforcement of any behavior other than a target behavior that is being extinguished
Discrimination Training
as applied to operant conditioning, the differential reinforcement of responding in the presence of one stimuli (S+) and not another
Discriminative Stimulus for Extinction (S-) or (S^delta)
a stimulus that signals the absence of reinforcement
errorless discrimination training
a discrimination training procedure that minimizes the number of errors and reduces many of the adverse effects associated with discrimination training
extinction
the non reinforcement of a previously reinforced response, the result of which is a decrease in the strength of that response
extinction burst
a temporary increase in the frequency and intensity of responding when extinction is first implemented
fading
the process of gradually altering the intensity of a stimulus
generalization gradient
a graphic description of the strength of responding in the presense of a stimuli that are similar to the S+ and vary along a continuum
multiple schedule
a complex schedule consisting of two or more independent schedules presented in sequence, each resulting in reinforcement and each having a distinctive S+
Negative Contrast Effect
the process whereby an increase in the rate of reinforcement on one component of a multiple schedule produces a decrease in the rate of response on the other component
Partial Reinforcement Effect
the process whereby behavior that has been maintained on an intermittent (partial) schedule of reinforcement extinguished more slowly than behavior that has been maintained on a continuous schedule schedule
Peak Shift Effect
following discrimination training, the peak of a generalization gradient will shift from the S+ to a stimulus that is further removed from the S-
Positive Contrast Effect
the process whereby a decrease in a rate of reinforcement on one component of a multiple schedule produces an increase in the rate of response on the other component
resistance to extinction
the extent to which responding persists after an extinction procedure has been implemented
resurgence
the reappearance during extinction of other behaviors that had once been effective in obtaining reinforcement
spontaneous
the reappearance of an extinguished response following a rest period after extinction
stimulus control
a situation in which the presence of a discriminative stimulus reliably affects the probability of a behavior
stimulus discrimination
in operant conditioning, the tendency for an operant response to be emitted more in the presence of one stimulus than another
stimulus generalization
in operant conditioning, the tendency for an operant response to be emitted in the presence of a stimulus that is similar to an S+
bias from matching
a deviation from matching in which one response alternative attracts a higher proportion of responses than would be predicted by matching, regardless of whether that alternative contains the richer vs. poorer schedule
commitment response
an action carried out at an early point in time that serves to either eliminate or reduce the value of an upcoming temptation
concurrent schedule of reinforcement
a complex schedule consisting of the simultaneous presentation of two or more independent schedules, each leading to a reinforcer
impulsiveness
with respect to choice between two rewards, selecting a smaller sooner reward over a larger later reward
matching law
the principle that the proportion of responses emitted on a particular schedule matches the proportion of reinforcers obtained on that schedule
melioration theory
a theory of matching that holds that distribution of behavior in a choice situation shifts toward those alternatives that have higher value regardless of the long-term effect on overall amount of reinforcement
overmatching
a deviation from matching in which the proportion of responses on the richer schedule versus poorer schedule if more different than would be predicted by matching
self-control
with respect to choice between two rewards, selecting a larger later reward over a smaller sooner reward
small-but-
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