Test 2 Flashcards
Appetitive Conditioning
Conditioning procedure in which the US is an event that an organism approaches or seeks out
Aversive Conditioning
Conditioning Procedure in which the US is an event that an organism avoids
Backward Conditioning
Conditioning procedure in which the onset of the NS follows the onset of the US
Classical Conditioning
a process whereby one stimulus that does not elicit a certain response is associated with a second stimulus that does; as a result, the first stimulus also comes to elicit a response
Conditioned Response (CR)
the response, often similar to the unconditioned similar to the unconditioned response, that is elicited by the conditioned stimulus
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
any stimulus that, although initially neutral, comes to elicit a response because it has been associated with an unconditioned stimulus
Delayed Conditioning
conditioning procedure in which the onset of the NS precedes the onset of the US, and the two stimulus overlap
Dishabituation
the reappearance of a habituated response to a stimulus following the presentation of another, seemingly irrelevant novel stimulus
Excitatory Conditioning
conditioning procedure in which the NS is associated with the presentation of a US
Fixed Action Pattern
A fixed sequence of responses elicited by a specific stimulus
Flexion Response
the automatic response of jerking one’s hand or foot away from something hot or sharp
Habituation
a decrease in the strength of an elicited behavior following repeated presentations of the eliciting stimulus
Inhibitory Conditioning
Conditioning procedure in which the NS is associated with the absence or removal of a US
Opponent-Process Theory
a theory proposing that an emotional event elicits two competing processes (1) an a-process (or primary response) directly elicited by the event, and (2) a b-process (or opponent process) that is elicited by the a-process and serves to counteract the a-process
Orienting Response
the automatic positioning of oneself to facilitate attending to a stimulus
Reflex
a relatively simple, involuntary response to a stimulus
Reflex Arc
a neutral structure that underlies many reflexes and consists of a sensory neuron, an interneuron, and a motor neuron
Sensitization
an increase in the strength of an elicited response following repeated presentations of the eliciting stimulus
Sign Stimulus
A specific stimulus that elicits a fixed action pattern
Simultaneous Conditioning
conditioning procedure in which the onset of the NS and the onset of the US are simultaneous
Startle Response
a defensive reaction to a sudden, unexpected stimulus, which involves automatic tightening of skeletal muscles and various hormonal and visceral changes
Trace conditioning
conditioning procedure in which the onset ad the offset of the NS precede the onset of the US
Unconditioned Response (UR)
the response that is naturally elicited by the unconditioned stimulus without any prior learning
Unconditioned Stimulus (US)
a stimulus that naturally elicits a response without any prior learning
