Final 😍😍😍 Flashcards
contagious behavior
a more-or-less instinctive of reflexive behavior triggered by the occurrence of the same behavior in another individual
generalized imitation
the tendency to imitate a new model behavior in the absence of any specific reinforcement for doing so
observational learning
the process whereby the behavior of a model is witnessed by an observer, and the observers behavior is subsequently changed
personal process rule
a personal rule that indicates the specific process by which a task is to be accomplished (also implementation intension)
personal rule
a verbal description of a contingency that we present to ourselves to influence our behavior
rule
a verbal description of a contingency
rule-governed behavior
behavior the has been generated through exposure to rules
say-do correspondence
a close match between what we say we are going to do and what we actually do at a later time
stimulus enhancement
directing attention to a particular place or object, making it more likely that the observer will approach that place or object
true imitation
duplicating a novel behavior (or sequence of behaviors) to achieve a specific goal
vicarious emotional response
a classically conditioned emotional response resulting from seeing that emotional response exhibited by others
activity anorexia
an abnormally high level of activity and low level of food intake generated by exposure to a restricted schedule of feeding
adjunctive behavior
an excessive pattern of behavior that emerges as a byproduct of an intermittent schedule of reinforcement for some other behavior
autoshaping
a type of sign tracking in which a pigeon comes to automatically peck at a response key because the key light has been associated with the response-independent delivery of food
behavior system theory
a theory proposing that an animal’s behavior is organized into certain systems or categories (such as feeding, mating, and avoiding behavior) with each category containing a set of relevant responses that can become activated in certain situations
CS-US relevance
an innate tendency to easily associate certain types of stimuli with each other
displacement activity
an apparently irrelevant activity sometimes displaced by animals when confronted by conflict or thwarted from attaining a goal
instinctive drift
an instance of classical conditioning in which a genetically based, fixed action pattern gradually emerges and displaces a behavior that is being operantly conditioned
preparedness
an inmate tendency for an organism to more easily learn certain types of behaviors or to associate certain types of events with each other
sign tracking
a type of elicited behavior in which an organism approaches a stimulus that signals the presentation of an appetitive event
taste aversion conditioning
a form of classical conditioning in which a food item that has been paired with gastrointestinal illness becomes a conditioned aversive stimulus
biophilia hypothesis
the inherited predisposition to be drawn to or bond with nature, including other animals
communication
the process of sending and receiving a signal of some sort
comparative cognition
the study of information processing across a variety of species
delayed matching to sample
a memory task in which the animal is first shown a sample stimulus and then, following some delay, is required to select that stimulus out of a group of alternative stimulus
language
a special category of communication which has some key features- symbols, syntax, and semantics- that distinguishes it from other forms of communication
numerosity
an understanding of quantity
reference
the ability to associate arbitrary symbols with objects or events
self-awareness
the ability to perceive oneself as separate from others
semantics
the meaning associated with symbols
symbol
a cue that is used to represent some experience or object that you can then share with someone else
syntax
the system of grammatical rules by which symbols are arranged, as well as how those symbols can be modified and interact with one another
theory of mind
the tendency to impute mental states to other individuals
transitive inference
a form of reasoning in which the relationship between two objects can be inferred by knowing the relationship of each to a third object
