Test 4 Flashcards
What two words defined the romantic era of music?
Death and destiny
What was music between 1850 - 1900s primarily about?
Death, destruction, and destiny
What was the main belief of Italian operas?
Bad in the world was caused by man
Who conveyed complex emotions in opera?
Giuseppe Verdi
Who was Giuseppe Verdi?
An Italian opera writer
Who wrote “La Traviata”? (1853)
Giuseppe Verdi
What opera aimed to force audience to rethink prejudice and judgement while embodying male sexual double standards?
“La Traviata”
Where was Franz Liszt born
Austria
Who inspired Tchaikovsky?
Franz Liszt
What piece of work provided the ground work for the can can?
“Grand Gallop Chromatique” by Franz Liszt
Who was known for their dazzling, crowd-pleasing music?
Franz Liszt
Who was the first international star?
Franz Liszt
Who was known for their “paintings in sound?”
Franz Liszt
Who was influential on Claude DeBussy?
Franz Liszt
Who invented symphonic poems?
Franz Liszt
What are symphonic poems?
Reduced four movement symphony to one scene, character, or snapshot
How many symphonic poems did Liszt write?
13
Who shifted music from orchestral?
Liszt
Who first used all 12 notes of the western scale without repeating?
Liszt
Who wrote “Hungarian Rhapsody?”
Franz Liszt
What was gypsy music actually?
Hungarian folk music
What produced the most loved pieces of the 19th century?
Pseudo-peasant style infiltrations
What did America highly debate incorporating to mainstream music?
Ethnic music
Who wrote the “New World Symphony?”
Dvorak
Who was accused of stealing native music?
Dvorak
Who first used diminished and augmented chords?
Richard Wagner
What is a tristan chord?
Diminished chord
Who replaced traditional Italian operas with continuous pieces?
Richard Wagner
How long did it take Wagner to compose the “Ring Cycle?
Richard Wagner
What was novel about the “Ring Cycle?”
The dimmed lights and hidden orchestra under the stage
Who created the light motif?
Haufman
What is chromaticism?
“Filling music with color”
What does chromaticism do?
Makes all chords equally powerful and gives it an unsettling feeling
What were the main themes of the “Parsifal?”
Crucifixion and purity or Christ’s blood
Who wanted to remove all Jews from German culture and served as foundations for Hitler’s Nazism?
Richard Wagner
Did Wagner have much of an influence on other composers?
No
What did Italian operas both promote and condemn?
Prostitution
How long did Giuseppe Verdi compose for?
51 years
Who was the most famous Italian opera composer?
Giuseppe Verdi
Who composed “dark scary Batman music?”
Franz Liszt
Who was responsible for impressionist music?
Franz Liszt
Who was the reason pianos now have iron frames because they played so hard?
Franz Liszt
How long is the “Ring Cycle?”
4 hours a night for 4 nights
Was Wagner alive at the time of Nazism
No
Who wrote “Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2?”
Franz Liszt
Who wrote Native American inspired folk songs?
Antionne Dvorak
Who wrote the “New World Symphony?”
Dvorak
What is the “New World Symphony” most known for?
Nationalist folk song and its 1st and last movement
Where was Dvorak from?
Czechoslovakia
What piece of music sounds a lot like the intro to Jaws?
Last movement of the “New World Symphony”
What is the opposite of absolute music?
Program music
What is program music?
Music inspired by artwork, an event, etc.
What is absolute music?
Music conjured simply out of a composer’s imagination?
When did Hector Berlioz live?
Just after Beethoven
Who composed “Symphony Fantastique?”
Hector Berlioz
How many movements was “Symphony Fantastique?”
5
Which composer heavily used opiates?
Hector Berlioz
What was “Symphony Fantastique” about?
A love for a Shakespeare actress he never met
What was novel about “Symphony Fantastique?”
First time using a 3-button trumpet, saxophone, anvil, and the biggest symphony to date
How many harps played in “Symphony Fantastique?”
2
Who was responsible for elevating self-expression in music?
Beethoven
What is different about Romantic music?
More interesting and less regular phrase length
What is chromaticism?
All 1/2 steps of a scale
What did romantic treatment of tone color involve?
A lot of instruments
What is different about romantic orchestras?
They’re larger
What does program music do?
Tell a story
What is thematic unity?
Ideefix (same theme throughout symphony)
What is a ball?
2nd movement in “Symphony Fantastique” in 3/4 time
What movement in “Symphony Fantastique” is plainchant melody?
5th
What is recognizable about the second movement of “Symphony Fantastique?”
2 harps
What is the name of the 4th movement of “Symphony Fantastique?”
“March to the Scaffold”
What is the name of the 5th movement of “Symphony Fantastique?”
“Witch’s Sabbath”
What instruments were unique to the 4th movement of “Symphony Fantastique?”
2 sets of 4 tympanis
What instruments were unique to the 5th movement of “Symphony Fantastique?”
5 clarinets and 4 bassoons
What composer was infamous for his antisemitism?
Richard Wagner
Who composed “Ride of the Valkyries?”
Richard Wagner
What is a valkyrie?
A female warrior in the afterlife that carried heroes off the field
What composer wrote a lot about prostitutes or “ladies of the night?”
Verdi
Who composed “Aida” (Triumphal march)
Verdi
How many movements are requiems?
5
What are requiems?
Played at funerals, “mass for the dead”
What venue became increasingly popular?
Concert halls
What is music with no singing but derived from art, literature, etc?
Program music
What is an ideefix?
Same idea throughout a symphony
“Thematic unity occurs when a composer….”
Answer: B
Does thematic unity occur in the same themes over different symphonies?
No
What kind of music is “Symphony Fantastique?”
Program music
Was Mozart a Romantic composer?
No
Who had the greatest influence on early romantic composers?
Beethoven
What element had the greatest influence on early romantic composers?
Literature
What instrument was the most widely played in the early romantic era?
Piano
What instrument was the most common in households?
Piano
What type of music are nationalistic?
Folk songs
What composer was the first to use “weird percussion?”
Berlioz
Who was the godfather of music and modern theater and music?
Wagner
Who was responsible for the symphonic poem?
Liszt
Where does jazz come from?
Congo Square in New Orleans
What era was jazz developed in?
1900s
When did jazz become popular
1920s
What type of instruments did slaves play?
European instruments
What was Sousa’s impact on music?
He modified the tuba to wrap around the player, invented the sousaphone
What was unique about the slaves in Congo Square?
They were allowed to play instruments on Sundays
When was Dixieland jazz popularized?
1900s
How did jazz funeral marches proceed?
Sad on the way there and lively on the way back
What served as the foundation of Blues music?
African American work songs
What contributed to the sad tonality of blues music?
“blue notes”
What notes are considered “blue?”
3 flat and 5 flat
What is “call and response”?
The African tradition of an instrument responding to a singer
What is scat?
Randomly singing, invented by Louis Armstrong
Who is Duke Ellington?
Famous composer, performer, and pianist
Who is Charlie Parker?
Famous jazz saxophonist
Who invented bebop?
Charlie Parker
What type of music was bebop?
Fast jazz music intended to listen to, not dance
Who named the style of bebop?
Charlie Parker
What do you call playing in unison in jazz?
The head
Who was Dizzy Gillespie?
Bebop jazz artist
How did Dizzy Gillespie get his name?
The phrase “dizzy like a fox” because he’d act stupid
How does a drummer keep time?
High hat and ride cymbal
What purposes do bases serve?
Keeping harmonic and rhythmic time
What does it mean when pianos are “comping?”
They outline and answer the chords
In what style of jazz was scat invented?
Swing jazz
What composer was famous for writing music for specifically his band?
Duke Ellington
