Final Exam Flashcards
What language are dynamics written?
Italian
What is pitch?
The frequency (highness/lowness of a sound)
What is another name for pitch?
Notes
What is syncopation?
Stressing notes off beat or emphasis
What is tempo?
Speed of a song
What does a metronome do?
Keep time
Allegro
Fast
Moderato
Medium fast
Andante
Medium slow
Largo
Really slow
Presto
Super fast
What is an interval?
Distance between notes
What is a diatonic scale?
Set of 7 pitches in western music
What is a chromatic scale?
All 12 notes in a western scale
What emotion do minor chords convey?
Sad
What emotion do major chords convey?
Happy
String instruments in order from lowest to highest
Double-bass
Cello
Viola
Violin
How is sound produced in a brass instrument?
By buzzing your lips
What are the woodwind instruments?
Piccolo Flute Double-reed Oboe English horn Basoon Contra basoon Clarinet Bass clarinet
List the brass instruments from lowest to highest
Tuba
Trombone
French horn
Trumpet
Who established gregorian chant?
Pope Gregory
What is an opera?
Drama set to music
Who were the most important Baroque composers?
Bach, Vivaldi, and Handel
How did baroque composers make a living?
In the church, opera house, or court
What is the core of the baroque orchestra?
Strings
What is the “Art of Fugues”?
Collection of 48 fugues in all major and minor keys
What is a labretto?
The words of the opera
What is Handel’s most famous work?
“The Messiah”
Who did Bach work for?
The court and the church
Who is Stradivarius?
A famous violin maker
Who composed Symphony 40 in G Minor?
Mozart
What was the major genre developed in the classical era?
The symphony
What instruments make up a string quartet?
2 violins, 1 viola, and 1 cello
What is an opera bufa?
A comedic Italian opera
What was Beethoven’s 5th played on?
Strings, woodwind, tympani (40 D)
What disorder did Beethoven have?
Deaf
What eras did Beethoven compose in?
Classical and romantic
Who did Beethoven write “Eroica” for?
Napoleon Bonaparte
What is Beethoven most known for?
His symphonies
What was Beethoven’s personality like?
Brusk and strong willed
Who did Haydn work for?
Esterhazy family
Who was responsible for self-expression in music?
Beethoven
What is chromaticism?
Using all 12 notes
How was tone color used in the romantic era?
Combining tone colors with bigger orchestras #49
What is program music?
Music without singing based off work
How were typical romantic orchestras different?
They were larger
How long does the Ring Cycle take to play?
4 nights
Who instituted “Young Audiences?”
Leonard Bernstein
Who composed “Symphony Fantastique?”
Hector Berlioz
What type of music was “Symphony Fantastique?”
Program symphony
What was unique about “Symphony Fantastique?”
It contained a plainchant melody
What type of composer is Mozart?
Classical
What was the most popular instrument solo in the 19th century?
Piano
Who brought jazz to symphonies?
George Girchwin
What is program music about?
Refers to a non-musical idea like poetry, life, etc.
Who composed “Aida?”
Verdi
What is a tone poem?
An orchestral piece with one movement
What is another name for a tone poem?
A symphonic poem
