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Bio 2 > Test 4 > Flashcards

Test 4 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Which of the following are the fundamental embryonic tissues called the “germ layers”?

A

Mesoderm, endoderm, and ectoderm

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1
Q

Which of the following is not one of the levels of organization in the vertebrate body?

A

Bones

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2
Q

The type of cells that line the lungs and blood vessels are ___.

A

Simple squamous epithelium

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3
Q

The cells that are specialized to produce and conduct electrochemical impulses are called ___.

A

Neurons

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4
Q

Bone cells are called ___.

A

Osteocytes

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5
Q

Which of the following are also known as striated muscles?

A

Skeletal and cardiac

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6
Q

If the connection between the gland and the epithelial membrane is maintained as a duct, the called is called an ___ gland.

A

Exocrine

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7
Q

Which of the following epithelial tissues would be likely found in the kidney tubules?

A

Cuboidal

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8
Q

In vertebrates, locomotion results from the contraction of muscles anchored to ___.

A

Bones

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9
Q

Myelin sheaths are found along ___.

A

Axons

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10
Q

The primary function of the hindbrain in vertebrates is what?

A

Coordination of motor reflexes

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11
Q

Excess blood glucose is removed by the liver to convert it into ___.

A

Glycogen

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12
Q

The teeth of an adult human are arranged in the following fashion.

A

Incisors, canines, premolars, molars

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13
Q

The gallbladder secretes into the small intestine a fluid that can make the fat partially water soluble. It is called ___.

A

Bile

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14
Q

The food molecules that are primarily altered in the stomach are ___.

A

Proteins

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15
Q

Bicarbonate that neutralizes stomach acid is produced by the ___.

A

Pancreas

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16
Q

Which of the following is not one of the components of the gastrointestinal tract?

A

Larynx

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17
Q

Gizzards designed to grind food are found in ___.

A

Birds

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18
Q

The nervous system that regulates activity in smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands of the body is referred to as the ___ system.

A

Autonomic

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19
Q

Nerve impulses travel along the long cellular extension of the neuron called the ___.

A

Axons

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20
Q

The effect of myelin and modes of Ranvier is to make nerve impulses travel ___.

A

Faster

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21
Q

A shift in the membrane potential toward the positive direction and exceeding the threshold causes an ____.

A

Action potential

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22
Q

Which of the following multicellular animals lack nerves?

A

Sponges

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23
Q

Correlation, association, and learning occur in the ___.

A

Cerebrum

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24
Q

The gap into which neurotransmitters are released by the arrival of an impulse is called a ___.

A

Synaptic cleft

25
Q

In the diagram, which arrow best represents the point in time where the permeability of the axon to sodium is the highest?

A

When it’s going up

26
Q

The hormone ____ sets the body’s basal metabolic rate.

A

Thyroxin

27
Q

The hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine, which constitute the “alarm” response of the body to stress, are secreted by the ___.

A

Adrenal medulla

28
Q

The signals of the endocrine system are transmitted to the appropriate target organ via ___.

A

Blood

29
Q

Which of the following does not represent a category or hormones?

A

Second messengers

30
Q

The molecule that can act as both a neurotransmitter and a hormone is ___.

A

Norepinephrine

31
Q

Which hormone is not produced by the anterior pituitary gland?

A

Calcitonin

32
Q

The hormone stimulating the milk-ejection reflex is called ___.

A

Oxytocin

33
Q

In mammals, milk production is stimulated by ___.

A

Prolactin

34
Q

The two hormones that interact to maintain the level of blood glucose are ___ and ___.

A

Glucagon and insulin

35
Q

Most digestion occurs in the first 25cm of the 6-meter length of the small intestine called the ___

A

Duodenum

36
Q

Rumen of the first stomach of ruminants serves as a fermentation chamber in which bacteria and Protozoa degrade ___.

A

Cellulose

37
Q

In horses, rodents, and Lagomorphs, the digestion of cellulose by microorganisms takes place in the ___.

A

Cecum

38
Q

The general term that describes the uptake of oxygen from the environment and the disposal of carbon dioxide at the body system level is ___.

A

Respiration

39
Q

Respiration involves the movement of gases by the process of ___.

A

Diffusion

40
Q

All other terrestrial vertebrates except amphibians breathe by expanding their lungs and thereby creating a …

A

Negative pressure within the lungs

41
Q

The most efficient lungs are found in which of the terrestrial vertebrates?

A

Birds

42
Q

The oxygen content of dry air in the atmosphere is ____.

A

About 21%

43
Q

Fick’s law of diffusion states that the rate of diffusion across a membrane depends on all of the following except ___.

A

Flow

44
Q

Which of the following correctly traces the route of air flow in the respiratory tract?

A

Pharynx -> larynx -> trachea -> bronchi -> bronchiole

45
Q

Most CO2 is transported in the blood as ____.

A

Bicarbonate ions

46
Q

As altitude increases, the partial pressure of O2 ___, and the partial pressure of CO2 ____.

A

Decreases; decreases

47
Q

Which of the following systems are not directly involved in communitarian and integration sense and respond to the environment?

A

The immune system

48
Q

A friend asks you to explain the difference between exocrine and endocrine glands. She understands that both types of glands are formed from invaginated epithelium. Which response would you use?

A

Endocrine glands produce hormones which enter the blood stream, while exocrine glands secrete sweat and oil directly to the surface of the skin

49
Q

When the body’s blood glucose level raises a one normal, which of the following hormones is produced?

A

Insulin

50
Q

Epithelial cells with a flattened, irregular shape and tapered edges are known as ___ cells.

A

Squamous

51
Q

If the set point of the hypothalamus were to suddenly rise to 40C, what would the initial response of the body be?

A

Muscles contract, shiver

52
Q

Loose connective tissues contain all of the following types of cells or fibers except ___.

A

Chondrocytes

53
Q

The rapid inward diffusion of Na followed by the outward diffusion of K produces a rapid change in the membrane potential called an ___.

A

Action potential

54
Q

The white matter of CNS is formed by ___.

A

Myelinated axons

55
Q

For each 3 Na ions pumped outward, the sodium-potassium pump takes in ___ K.

A

2

56
Q

The autonomic nervous system regulates the activity of all of the following except ___ muscles.

A

Skeletal

57
Q

Which of the following functions as both an exocrine and an endocrine gland?

A

Pancreas

58
Q

Which of the following are paracrine regulators?

A

Prostaglandins, cytokines, nitric oxide, and growth factors

59
Q

Parathyroid hormone does not cause what?

A

Acceleration of heartbeat

60
Q

All of the following are examples of sex steroid hormones except ___.

A

Prolactin

61
Q

Select the mismatched endocrine gland and its hormone.

A

Adrenal medulla - cortisol

Bio 2 (6 decks)

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