Test 4 Flashcards
Which of the following are the fundamental embryonic tissues called the “germ layers”?
Mesoderm, endoderm, and ectoderm
Which of the following is not one of the levels of organization in the vertebrate body?
Bones
The type of cells that line the lungs and blood vessels are ___.
Simple squamous epithelium
The cells that are specialized to produce and conduct electrochemical impulses are called ___.
Neurons
Bone cells are called ___.
Osteocytes
Which of the following are also known as striated muscles?
Skeletal and cardiac
If the connection between the gland and the epithelial membrane is maintained as a duct, the called is called an ___ gland.
Exocrine
Which of the following epithelial tissues would be likely found in the kidney tubules?
Cuboidal
In vertebrates, locomotion results from the contraction of muscles anchored to ___.
Bones
Myelin sheaths are found along ___.
Axons
The primary function of the hindbrain in vertebrates is what?
Coordination of motor reflexes
Excess blood glucose is removed by the liver to convert it into ___.
Glycogen
The teeth of an adult human are arranged in the following fashion.
Incisors, canines, premolars, molars
The gallbladder secretes into the small intestine a fluid that can make the fat partially water soluble. It is called ___.
Bile
The food molecules that are primarily altered in the stomach are ___.
Proteins
Bicarbonate that neutralizes stomach acid is produced by the ___.
Pancreas
Which of the following is not one of the components of the gastrointestinal tract?
Larynx
Gizzards designed to grind food are found in ___.
Birds
The nervous system that regulates activity in smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands of the body is referred to as the ___ system.
Autonomic
Nerve impulses travel along the long cellular extension of the neuron called the ___.
Axons
The effect of myelin and modes of Ranvier is to make nerve impulses travel ___.
Faster
A shift in the membrane potential toward the positive direction and exceeding the threshold causes an ____.
Action potential
Which of the following multicellular animals lack nerves?
Sponges
Correlation, association, and learning occur in the ___.
Cerebrum
The gap into which neurotransmitters are released by the arrival of an impulse is called a ___.
Synaptic cleft
In the diagram, which arrow best represents the point in time where the permeability of the axon to sodium is the highest?
When it’s going up
The hormone ____ sets the body’s basal metabolic rate.
Thyroxin
The hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine, which constitute the “alarm” response of the body to stress, are secreted by the ___.
Adrenal medulla
The signals of the endocrine system are transmitted to the appropriate target organ via ___.
Blood
Which of the following does not represent a category or hormones?
Second messengers
The molecule that can act as both a neurotransmitter and a hormone is ___.
Norepinephrine
Which hormone is not produced by the anterior pituitary gland?
Calcitonin
The hormone stimulating the milk-ejection reflex is called ___.
Oxytocin
In mammals, milk production is stimulated by ___.
Prolactin
The two hormones that interact to maintain the level of blood glucose are ___ and ___.
Glucagon and insulin
Most digestion occurs in the first 25cm of the 6-meter length of the small intestine called the ___
Duodenum
Rumen of the first stomach of ruminants serves as a fermentation chamber in which bacteria and Protozoa degrade ___.
Cellulose
In horses, rodents, and Lagomorphs, the digestion of cellulose by microorganisms takes place in the ___.
Cecum
The general term that describes the uptake of oxygen from the environment and the disposal of carbon dioxide at the body system level is ___.
Respiration
Respiration involves the movement of gases by the process of ___.
Diffusion
All other terrestrial vertebrates except amphibians breathe by expanding their lungs and thereby creating a …
Negative pressure within the lungs
The most efficient lungs are found in which of the terrestrial vertebrates?
Birds
The oxygen content of dry air in the atmosphere is ____.
About 21%
Fick’s law of diffusion states that the rate of diffusion across a membrane depends on all of the following except ___.
Flow
Which of the following correctly traces the route of air flow in the respiratory tract?
Pharynx -> larynx -> trachea -> bronchi -> bronchiole
Most CO2 is transported in the blood as ____.
Bicarbonate ions
As altitude increases, the partial pressure of O2 ___, and the partial pressure of CO2 ____.
Decreases; decreases
Which of the following systems are not directly involved in communitarian and integration sense and respond to the environment?
The immune system
A friend asks you to explain the difference between exocrine and endocrine glands. She understands that both types of glands are formed from invaginated epithelium. Which response would you use?
Endocrine glands produce hormones which enter the blood stream, while exocrine glands secrete sweat and oil directly to the surface of the skin
When the body’s blood glucose level raises a one normal, which of the following hormones is produced?
Insulin
Epithelial cells with a flattened, irregular shape and tapered edges are known as ___ cells.
Squamous
If the set point of the hypothalamus were to suddenly rise to 40C, what would the initial response of the body be?
Muscles contract, shiver
Loose connective tissues contain all of the following types of cells or fibers except ___.
Chondrocytes
The rapid inward diffusion of Na followed by the outward diffusion of K produces a rapid change in the membrane potential called an ___.
Action potential
The white matter of CNS is formed by ___.
Myelinated axons
For each 3 Na ions pumped outward, the sodium-potassium pump takes in ___ K.
2
The autonomic nervous system regulates the activity of all of the following except ___ muscles.
Skeletal
Which of the following functions as both an exocrine and an endocrine gland?
Pancreas
Which of the following are paracrine regulators?
Prostaglandins, cytokines, nitric oxide, and growth factors
Parathyroid hormone does not cause what?
Acceleration of heartbeat
All of the following are examples of sex steroid hormones except ___.
Prolactin
Select the mismatched endocrine gland and its hormone.
Adrenal medulla - cortisol
