Test 2 Flashcards
Plants lacking well-developed conducting systems such as mosses, liverworts, and hornworts have been called ___.
Bryophytes
Which plants are characterized by a conducting system, the possession of cuticles, specialized stems, and roots, stomata, and in many species, seeds?
Tracheophytes
Bryophytes, like ferns and certain other tracheophyte plants, require what?
Water to reproduce sexually
The colorless rootlike projections of mosses, liverworts, and hornworts, which anchor them to the substrate are called ___.
Rhizoids
Which of the following tissues transport water and dissolved minerals upward from the roots?
Xylem
Carbohydrates are transported away from the green parts of the plant by the cells of ___.
Phloem
A process unique to angiosperms is ___ ___.
Double fertilization
Fertilization in angiosperms leads to the formation of a diploid zygote and the typically triploid primary ___ ___.
Endosperm nucleus
Well-developed vascular systems are absent in all of the following except ___.
Pterophytes
Survival on land for organisms is difficult because of the problem of ___.
Desiccation
Plant success on the terrestrial landscape is linked to the evolution of all of the following except…
Gas-filled air spaces
Most adult tracheophyte plants represent the ___ generation.
Sporophyte
Plants as well as brown, green, and red algae show a basic life cycle which involves the alteration of generations between a ____ and a ____.
Sporophyte and gametophyte
The gametophyte is green and nutritionally independent in…
Mosses, liverworts, and ferns
To reproduce sexually, Bryophytes require what?
Free water external to the plant
Hornworts differ from mosses and liverworts in containing..
Photosynthetic sporophytes
Seeds occur only in…
Heterosporous, tracheophyte plants
In tracheophyte plants, water and dissolved minerals are conducted away from roots by what?
Xylem tubes
The most abundant group of seedless tracheophyte plants are the ___.
Ferns
Which of the following is not true about ferns?
Their sporophytes are much smaller than the gametophytes
In only one of the five phyla of seed plants, at the time of pollination, the ovules are completely enclosed by the sporophytic tissues. These plans are ___.
Angiosperms
Which of the following is not a gymnosperm?
Anthophytes
Which of the following gymnosperms is used for production of lumber, resin, turpentine, etc?
Conifers
Which of the following is not one of the whorls of a complete flower?
Embryo containing zygotes
Flowers do not contain a ___ ___.
Flagellated sperm
The male gametes, pollen grains of the flower, are formed in the ___.
Microspores
The fruit of angiosperms is ultimately made from the ___.
Gynoecium
Endosperm, the nutritive tissue of the fruit, is the product of what?
Sperm and polar nuclei union
Which of the following lists in correct order the relative size of gametophytes from largest to smallest?
Mosses, ferns, angiosperms
Specialized symbiotic association between the roots of plants and fungi are called ___.
Mycorrhizae
A mass of hyphae is an ascomycete is commonly referred to as a ___.
Mycelium
The cell walls of fungi are made up of polysaccharides and ___.
Chitin
A symbiotic association between a fungus and a green alga or a cyanobacterium is called a ___.
Lichen
The first antibiotic that was used on a wide scale was derived from a fungus. It’s name is ___.
Penicillin
Mycorrhizae, specialized symbiotic addition between the roots of plants and fungi, are characteristic of about __% of all plants.
90% of all plants
All of the following are reproductive structures found in some fungi except ___.
Mycorrhiza
The fungi that cause serious plant disease, such as Duch elm disease and chestnut blight, belong to the phylum ___.
Ascomycota
Asexual reproduction in ascomycetes takes place by means of ___.
Conidia
The most economically useful unicellular fungi are ___.
Yeasts
The fruiting structures formed by secondary mycelia of basidiomycetes are known as ___.
Mushrooms
The rusts and smuts that serious affect crop plants are ___.
Basidiomycetes
Lichens are adversely affected by ___.
Pollination
Which of the following fungi usually form arbuscular mycorrhizal associations in which the outer cells of the plant roots are penetrated by the fungal hyphae?
Glomeromycetes
Ectomycorrhizae, associations in which the fungal bypass surround but do not penetrate the cell walls of the plant roots, usually involve ___.
Basidiomycetes
Lichens are mutualisms between ___ and ___.
Fungi and an alga
Which of the phyla of fungi is incorrectly matched with its example?
Ascomycota - mushrooms
Ruminant animals have symbiotic fungi which…
Digest cellulose and lignin
A scientist discovers a fungus living within a healthy plant. The fungus produces a substance toxic to herbivores. The fungus is considered a ___ ___.
Mutualistic endophyte
Which of the following features is not a characteristic of the fungal kingdom?
Most fungi show an alternation of generations
One major difference between ectomycorrhizae and arbuscular mycorrhizae is…
Ectomycorrhizae do not penetrate plant roots; arbuscular mycorrhizae penetrate plant roots
