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Bio 2 > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Plants lacking well-developed conducting systems such as mosses, liverworts, and hornworts have been called ___.

A

Bryophytes

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2
Q

Which plants are characterized by a conducting system, the possession of cuticles, specialized stems, and roots, stomata, and in many species, seeds?

A

Tracheophytes

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3
Q

Bryophytes, like ferns and certain other tracheophyte plants, require what?

A

Water to reproduce sexually

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4
Q

The colorless rootlike projections of mosses, liverworts, and hornworts, which anchor them to the substrate are called ___.

A

Rhizoids

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5
Q

Which of the following tissues transport water and dissolved minerals upward from the roots?

A

Xylem

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6
Q

Carbohydrates are transported away from the green parts of the plant by the cells of ___.

A

Phloem

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7
Q

A process unique to angiosperms is ___ ___.

A

Double fertilization

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8
Q

Fertilization in angiosperms leads to the formation of a diploid zygote and the typically triploid primary ___ ___.

A

Endosperm nucleus

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9
Q

Well-developed vascular systems are absent in all of the following except ___.

A

Pterophytes

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10
Q

Survival on land for organisms is difficult because of the problem of ___.

A

Desiccation

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11
Q

Plant success on the terrestrial landscape is linked to the evolution of all of the following except…

A

Gas-filled air spaces

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12
Q

Most adult tracheophyte plants represent the ___ generation.

A

Sporophyte

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13
Q

Plants as well as brown, green, and red algae show a basic life cycle which involves the alteration of generations between a ____ and a ____.

A

Sporophyte and gametophyte

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14
Q

The gametophyte is green and nutritionally independent in…

A

Mosses, liverworts, and ferns

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15
Q

To reproduce sexually, Bryophytes require what?

A

Free water external to the plant

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16
Q

Hornworts differ from mosses and liverworts in containing..

A

Photosynthetic sporophytes

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17
Q

Seeds occur only in…

A

Heterosporous, tracheophyte plants

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18
Q

In tracheophyte plants, water and dissolved minerals are conducted away from roots by what?

A

Xylem tubes

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19
Q

The most abundant group of seedless tracheophyte plants are the ___.

A

Ferns

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20
Q

Which of the following is not true about ferns?

A

Their sporophytes are much smaller than the gametophytes

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21
Q

In only one of the five phyla of seed plants, at the time of pollination, the ovules are completely enclosed by the sporophytic tissues. These plans are ___.

A

Angiosperms

22
Q

Which of the following is not a gymnosperm?

A

Anthophytes

23
Q

Which of the following gymnosperms is used for production of lumber, resin, turpentine, etc?

A

Conifers

24
Q

Which of the following is not one of the whorls of a complete flower?

A

Embryo containing zygotes

25
Q

Flowers do not contain a ___ ___.

A

Flagellated sperm

26
Q

The male gametes, pollen grains of the flower, are formed in the ___.

A

Microspores

27
Q

The fruit of angiosperms is ultimately made from the ___.

A

Gynoecium

28
Q

Endosperm, the nutritive tissue of the fruit, is the product of what?

A

Sperm and polar nuclei union

29
Q

Which of the following lists in correct order the relative size of gametophytes from largest to smallest?

A

Mosses, ferns, angiosperms

30
Q

Specialized symbiotic association between the roots of plants and fungi are called ___.

A

Mycorrhizae

31
Q

A mass of hyphae is an ascomycete is commonly referred to as a ___.

A

Mycelium

32
Q

The cell walls of fungi are made up of polysaccharides and ___.

A

Chitin

33
Q

A symbiotic association between a fungus and a green alga or a cyanobacterium is called a ___.

A

Lichen

34
Q

The first antibiotic that was used on a wide scale was derived from a fungus. It’s name is ___.

A

Penicillin

35
Q

Mycorrhizae, specialized symbiotic addition between the roots of plants and fungi, are characteristic of about __% of all plants.

A

90% of all plants

36
Q

All of the following are reproductive structures found in some fungi except ___.

A

Mycorrhiza

37
Q

The fungi that cause serious plant disease, such as Duch elm disease and chestnut blight, belong to the phylum ___.

A

Ascomycota

38
Q

Asexual reproduction in ascomycetes takes place by means of ___.

A

Conidia

39
Q

The most economically useful unicellular fungi are ___.

A

Yeasts

40
Q

The fruiting structures formed by secondary mycelia of basidiomycetes are known as ___.

A

Mushrooms

41
Q

The rusts and smuts that serious affect crop plants are ___.

A

Basidiomycetes

42
Q

Lichens are adversely affected by ___.

A

Pollination

43
Q

Which of the following fungi usually form arbuscular mycorrhizal associations in which the outer cells of the plant roots are penetrated by the fungal hyphae?

A

Glomeromycetes

44
Q

Ectomycorrhizae, associations in which the fungal bypass surround but do not penetrate the cell walls of the plant roots, usually involve ___.

A

Basidiomycetes

45
Q

Lichens are mutualisms between ___ and ___.

A

Fungi and an alga

46
Q

Which of the phyla of fungi is incorrectly matched with its example?

A

Ascomycota - mushrooms

47
Q

Ruminant animals have symbiotic fungi which…

A

Digest cellulose and lignin

48
Q

A scientist discovers a fungus living within a healthy plant. The fungus produces a substance toxic to herbivores. The fungus is considered a ___ ___.

A

Mutualistic endophyte

49
Q

Which of the following features is not a characteristic of the fungal kingdom?

A

Most fungi show an alternation of generations

50
Q

One major difference between ectomycorrhizae and arbuscular mycorrhizae is…

A

Ectomycorrhizae do not penetrate plant roots; arbuscular mycorrhizae penetrate plant roots

Bio 2 (6 decks)

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