Ch. 42

Question 0

It’s the ninth inning, and the bases are loaded. As the pitcher winds up to throw the ball, how does each tissue in his arm contribute to this critical pitch? The ___ of his fingers grips the ball. His ___ sends instructions that trigger his ___ to contract. His ___ provides stability and transmits the force produced.

Answer 0

Epithelial tissue, nerve tissue, muscle tissue, connective tissue

Question 1

In adult vertebrates, which is not one of the four principal kinds of primary tissues?

Answer 1

Supportive

Question 2

What are the fundamental embryonic tissues called the “germ layers”?

Answer 2

Mesoderm, endoderm, and ectoderm

Question 3

Why are epithelial membranes not very thick?

Answer 3

Epithelial tissues play a critical role in transport, and must be thin to allow diffusion to occur

Question 4

What are epithelial cells with a flat, irregular shape and tapered edges called?

Answer 4

Squamous

Question 5

A friend asks you how exocrine glands differ from endocrine glands. She knows that both form from invaginated epithelium. How do you respond?

Answer 5

Endocrine glands produce hormones which enter the blood stream, while exocrine glands secrete sweat and oil directly to the surface of the skin

Question 6

Connective tissue includes adipose tissue, tendons, bone, cartilage, and blood. What do all these tissues have in common?

Answer 6

They all consist of few cells sparsely distributed in large amounts of extracellular material.

Question 7

The most abundant protein in mammals is collagen. This strong, ropelike molecule is particularly abundant in which tissue?

Answer 7

Ligaments

Question 8

When collagen is hydrolyzed it forms gelatin, the main ingredient of a jiggly dessert adored by children. What parts of a cow provide a rich source of collagen?

Answer 8

Skin, tendons, and cartilage

Question 9

You are researching a family with a heritable disease whose symptoms include hyper-flexible joints, pliable skin, stretchy ligaments, and fragile muscles that tear easily. You plan to use genetic testing to determine the cause of the disease. Which gene do you sequence first?

Answer 9

Collagen

Question 10

Vertebrate locomotion results from the contraction of muscles anchored to what other tissue?

Answer 10

Bone

Question 11

What is cartilage composed of?

Answer 11

Glycoproteins and collagen fibers

Question 12

Which muscle contraction is involuntary?

Answer 12

Cardiac and smooth

Question 13

Controversy surrounds the use of zinc-containing nasal sprays as a cold remedy, since they have been associated with asnosmia (loss of smell). If true, this is likely due to the sprays damaging which tissue?

Answer 13

Peripheral nervous system

Question 14

Which is NOT directly involved with regulation and maintenance of the body’s chemistry?

Answer 14

The reproductive system

Question 15

Damage to the integument may trigger action by cells of which system?

Answer 15

Immune system

Question 16

Effector

Answer 16

Pituitary gland secretes oxytocin, which acts on the uterus

Question 17

Response

Answer 17

Uterine contractions increase

Question 18

Due to mutation in a smooth muscle gene, the blood vessels in the skin of certain strain of mouse become dilated when temp falls below a certain point. Based on the likely outcome of this mutation, what precautions should the researchers take to maintain the health of their mice?

Answer 18

The mouse room should be consistently maintained at a warm temp

Question 19

Shivering is what?

Answer 19

An attempt to produce heat by burning large amounts of ATP

Question 20

After yet another patron dropped sweat on her desk, the clerk at the him complained, “it’s gross working at a gym, with everyone sweating all the time.” “Yes,” the manager replied, “and it’s probably costing us more for ___, but I’ll bet we’re saving on ___.”

Answer 20

The water cooler, air conditioning

Question 21

You are an engineer at a power plant that creates large volumes of hot waste water, which disrupts the ecosystem of the river it drains into. Another part of the plant requires warm oil, and the plant uses large amounts of energy to heat it. Inspired by countercurrent exchange in whales, you save energy and benefit the environ by doing what?

Answer 21

Running the oil pipes around the waste water pipes, to allow heat transfer from water to oil

Question 22

Which method of heat transfer is not relevant to biological systems?

Answer 22

Reflection

Question 23

Thermoregulation depends on monitoring of blood temp. What structure acts as the mammalian temperature sensor?

Answer 23

Hypothalamus

Question 24

Which animal has the highest metabolic rate per unit body mass?

Answer 24

Shrew