Test 4 Flashcards
Behaviour is classified as disordered when it is:
a) deviant
b) distressful
c) dysfunctional
d) all of the above
d
Joe has an intense, irrational fear of snakes. He is suffering from a(n):
phobia
Sharon is continually tense, jittery, and apprehensive for no specific reason. She would probably be diagnosed as suffering a(n):
generalised anxiety disorder
Which neurotransmitter is present in overabundant amounts during the manic phase of bipolar disorder?
norepinephrine
On Monday, Matt felt optimistic, energetic, and on top of the world. On Tuesday, he felt hopeless and lethargic, and thought that the future looked very grim. Matt would most likely be diagnosed as having:
bipolar disorder
Most of the hallucinations of schizophrenia patients involve the sense of:
hearing
The technique in which a person is asked to report everything that comes to his or hr mind is called ____; it is favoured by ____ therapists.
free association; psychoanalytic
The operant conditioning technique in which desired behaviours are rewarded with points or poker chips that can later be exchanged for various rewards is called:
a token economy
Cognitive-behaviour therapy aims to:
alter the way people think and act
Seth enters therapy to talk about some issues that have been upsetting him. The therapist prescribes some medication to help him. The therapist is most likely a:
psychiatrist
Which biomedical therapy is most likely to be practised today?
drug therapy
The antipsychotic drugs appear to produce their effects by blocking the receptor sites for:
dopamine
Which theory describes how we explain others’ behaviour as being due to internal dispositions or external situations?
attribution theory
Which of the following is an example of the foot-in-the-door phenomenon?
a) to persuade a customer to buy a product a store owner offers a small gift
b) after agreeing to wear a small “enforce recycling” lapel pin, a woman agrees to collect signatures on a petition to make recycling required by law
c) after offering to sell a car at a ridiculously low price, a car salesperson is forced to tell the customer the car will cost $1000 more
d) all of the above are examples
b
In his study of obedience, Stanley Milgram found that the majority of subjects:
complied with all the demands of the experiment
Increasing the number of people that are present during an emergency tends to:
decrease the likelihood that anyone will help
seen as a failure to adapt to the environment
psychological disorder
part of the medical model: refers to the factors or causes that are responsible for, or related to, the development of disorders.
etiology
part of the medical model: a classification or labeling of a client’s stated and perceived difficulties following a formal assessment by a psychologist or trained professional.
diagnosis
part of the medical model: therapeutic method to help alleviate the long-term symptoms of psychological disorders.
treatment
part of the medical model: a prediction of the course or outcome of a disease or disorder; the chances of recovery from a disease.
prognosis
provides health care practitioners with a comprehensive system for diagnosing mental illnesses based on specific ideational and behavioral symptoms
DSM-IV-TR
Classification having several dimensions, each of which is employed in categorizing
multiaxial classification
states that psychological disorders develop due to a combination of genetic vulnerability and risk factors in the environment; a person may be predisposed for a mental disorder that remains unexpressed until triggered by stress
diathesis-stress model
What are the different anxiety disorders?
- generalised
- phobias
- panic disorder
- obsessive-compulsive disorder
- post traumatic stress disorder
continual feelings of worry, anxiety, physical tension, and irritability about many areas
generalised anxiety disorder
intense fear of an object or situation that’s greatly out of proportion to its actual threat
phobia
repeated, unexpected panic attacks along with either:
- persistent concerns about future attacks
- a change in personal behaviour in an attempt to avoid them
panic disorder
Marked by persistent ideas, thoughts, or impulses that are unwanted and inappropriate and cause marked distress; this distress is relieved by repetitive behaviours or mental acts
obsessive-compulsive disorder
marked emotional disturbance after an individual experiences or witnesses a severely stressful event; symptoms include:
- flashbacks and recurrent dreams
- avoiding reminders of the trauma
- increased physiological arousal
post-traumatic stress disorder
these focus on acquiring anxiety disorders via classical conditioning and then maintaining them through operant conditioning
learning models of anxiety disorders
examples can include sleep difficulties, fatigue and loss of energy, and weight changes; genes can exert influence as well as the role of neurotransmitters
biological perspectives of anxiety disorders
characterised by the presence of two or more distinct alters
dissociative identity disorder
refers to an inability to remember facts or details surrounding a traumatic event that cannot be explained by physical means.
dissociative amnesia
type of disorder in which a person suffers a bout of amnesia and then flees their home and identity. Often the person will travel far away from their home, assume a new identity, and live as a different person until they “snap” out of their amnesic state.
dissociative fugue
classified as a mood disorder in which people have periods of hopelessness and sadness that last for more than 2 weeks and don’t appear to have a specific cause (although this varies).
major depressive disorder
a chronic type of depression that occurs on most days and lasts for a period of 2 or more years.
dysthymia
a mood disorder in which the person’s mood swings from euphoric (elevated mood, lowered need for sleep, high energy, talkativeness, inflated self-esteem), manic stages to depressed. This is not simply being happy and then sad, but rather periods of uncontrollable, clinical mania and longer periods of depression.
bipolar disorder
Explaining mood disorders: biological perspective factors:
reduction of norepinephrine and serotonin has been implicated in depression; drugs that alleviate mania reduce norepinephrine
Explaining mood disorders: social cognitive perspective:
disorders are caused by negative beliefs and expectations
What are the positive symptoms of schizophrenia? (part of short answer question)
- delusion
- hallucination
- disorganised speech
- grossly disorganised behaviour
Define delusion as part of the positive symptoms of schizophrenia (part of short answer question):
false belief system, often bizarre and grandiose
Define hallucination as part of the positive symptoms of schizophrenia (part of short answer question):
false perceptual experience with compelling sense of being real despite absence of external stimulation
Define disorganised speech as part of the positive symptoms of schizophrenia (part of short answer question):
severe disruption of verbal communication; ideas shift rapidly and incoherently from one unrelated topic to another
Define grossly disorganised behaviour as part of the positive symptoms of schizophrenia (part of short answer question):
behaviour that is inappropriate for the situation or ineffective in attaining goals, often with motor disturbances (e.g. catatonic behaviour)
What are the negative symptoms of schizophrenia? (part of short answer question)
- emotional and social withdrawal
- apathy
- povery of speech
- insufficiency of normal behaviour, motivation, and emotion