Test 1--second take Flashcards
What is psychology?
The scientific study of the brain and behaviour.
Who was William James?
A major figure of functionalism who was heavily influenced by Charles Darwin.
Who was John Watson?
A major figure of behaviourism.
Who was Freud?
A major figure of psychoanalysis who focused on internal processes of which we’re unaware.
Who was Wilhelm Wundt?
A major figure of structuralism.
What is behaviourism?
A branch of psychology that focused on uncovering the general laws of learning by looking outside the organism.
What is structuralism?
A branch of psychology that aimed to identify most basic elements of psychological experience.
What is functionalism?
A branch of psychology that aims to understand the adaptive purposes of psych characteristics.
What is the humanistic approach?
A branch of psychology that emphasises the unique qualities of humans, especially their freedom and their potential for personal growth.
What is clinical psychology?
Psychology that deals with medical issues in a clinical setting. Can not prescribe medication except in NM and LA.
What is psychiatry?
Psychology that deals with working with people experiencing temporary or self-contained problems.
What is the hindsight bias?
The “I knew it all along” bias.
After detailed study of a gunshot wound victim, a psychologist concludes that the brain region destroyed is likely to be important for memory functions. Which type of research did the psychologist use to deduce this?
case study
In an experiment to determine the effects of exercise on motivation, exercise is the:
independent variable
In order to determine the effects of a new drug on memory, one group of people is given a pill that contains the drug. A second group is given a sugar pill that does not contain the drug. This second group constitutes the:
control group
A psychologist studies the play behaviour of third-grade children by watching groups during recess at school. Which type of research is being used?
naturalistic observation
Illusory correlation refers to:
the perception of a correlation where there is none
In a test of the effects of air pollution, groups of students performed a reaction-time task in a polluted or an unpolluted room. To what condition were students in the unpolluted room exposed?
control
A professor constructs a questionnaire to determine how students at the university feel about nuclear disarmament. Which of the following techniques should be used in order to survey a random sample of the student body?
From an alphabetical listing of all students, every tenth (or fifteenth e.g.) student should be asked to complete the questionnaire.
If eating saturated fat and the likelihood of contracting cancer are positively correlated, which of the following is true?
People who are prone to develop cancer prefer foods containing saturated fat.
What is a case study?
A study of an individual over an extended period of time.
What is a survey?
A question assessment of a handful of individuals of a population.
What is naturalistic observation?
A study where the researcher engages in careful observation of behaviour without intervening directly with the subjects; it does not explain behaviour but only describes it.
What is correlation?
How two variables are related.