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Test 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Sexual dysfunctions
What is it
Why

A

Sexual response not how its supposed to be
Distress=sexual frustration-> anxiety, guilt, shame, depression

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2
Q

Female structure (8)

A

The vulva
Clitoris
Glans
Shaft

Blood rushes here when aroused:
Clitroal hood (prepuce)
Cavernous bodies
Vestibular bulbs

Bartholins gland

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3
Q

Penis structure

A

Foreskin (prepuce)
Cavernous bodies (corpora cavernous)
Spongy body (corpus spongiosum)
Urethra-> urine or semen comes out of it

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4
Q

Human sexual response cycle (5 stages)

A

Desire phase (psychological phase, fantasies, memories)

Arousal stage (blood rushing into areas)

Plateau phase (short time before orgasm)

Orgasm phase (contractions W, ejaculation M)

Resolution phrase (M not able to erect)

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5
Q

Desire disorders

A

AD/FSI
Male hyperactive sexual desire disorder
Female sexual interest arousal disorder

Lack of interest in sex

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6
Q

Sexual aversion disorder

A

Total disgust in sex
(Victim of sexual trauma)

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7
Q

Arousal disorder

A

FSI/AD:
Repeated inability to maintain proper lubrification

Make erectile disorder (ED):
Repeated inability to pepe hard

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8
Q

Orgasmic disorder

A

Rapid/premature ejaculation

Delayed ejaculation/male orgasmic disorder

Female orgasmic disorder

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9
Q

Sexual pain disorders

A

Pain during sex:
penetration disorder (GPPPD)

Vaginismus:
vagina tightening

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10
Q

Classified in 4 categories (time)

A

Lifelong
Acquired
Specific
Generalized

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11
Q

Causes of sexual dysfunction
Psychological factors

A

Performance anxiety
Hostility towards partner/relationship issues/life stressors
Depression
Negative attitude towards sex (socioculture)
History of sexual abuse/assault
Lack of sexual experience

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12
Q

Causes of sexual dysfunction
Biological factors

A

Low hormone levels (testosterone)
Cardiovascular issues
Meds/drugs
Low/high sensitivity to sexual stimulation
Post masturbation habits
Post menopause changes
Infections/diseases/injury

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13
Q

Sex therapy

A

Short term (10-15ses)
Focus on sexual issues
Dealing with couple problems
Sex education
Attitude change
Eliminate performance anxiety
Increase sexual/communication skills

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14
Q

Sex therapy
Specific techniques

A

Sensation focus exercises
Teasing technique (penile injection, vacuum devices, penile implant)

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15
Q

Paraphilias

A

Non-living objects
Humiliation of self/partner
Children
Non consenting people

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16
Q

Paraphilias
DSM5

A

Urges for at least 6 months
Distress
Self/others harm

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17
Q

Fetishism
Tx

A

Use of non living object
Commons: Ws underwear, shoes, boots
Behaviourists- classical conditioning

Tx
Aversion therapy
Covert sensitization
Masturbatory satiation (until bored)
Orgasmic reconditioning

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18
Q

Tranvestic fetishism (crossdress)

A

Dress in clothes of opposite gender to achieve sexual arousal
Typical case: married hetero male
Begins in childhood/adolescence
Not trans

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19
Q

Exhibitionism/flashing
Tx

A

Aroused by exposing genitals in public
Sexual contact not usually wanted
Begins before age 18
Tx: aversion therapy
Covert sensitization
Masturbating satiation
Orgasmic reconditioning

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20
Q

Pedophilia
Tx

A

Sexual activity with kids
Develops in adolescence
May have history of sexual abuse
Cycle of abuse (victim becomes abuser)
Most imprisoned/forced into Tx
Problem: motivation to change

Behavioural tx: aversion therapy, covert therapy, masturbating satiation, orgasmic reconditioning
Drugs: lowers desire (doesn’t change attraction)
Cognitive-behavioral tx: relapse-prevention training

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21
Q

Sadism
Causes
Tx

A

Making partner suffer
Fantasies may first appear in childhood/adolescence

Causes:
Classical conditioning/modelling
Feelings of sexual inadequacy
Brain/hormonal abnormalities

Tx: aversion therapy

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22
Q

Masochism
Causes
Tx

A

Being made to suffer
Distress/impairment
Most begin by fantasies in childhood
Caused: classical conditioning
Tx: CBT+Meds
SSRI/antidepressants
Or wait for it to go away

23
Q

Gender dysphoria
Causes
Tx

A

Being trans-> mismatch between gender identity and biology
Controversial
May cross dress
Causes: unknown
Tx: psychotherapy generally fails
Medical intervention
Hormone treatments
Gender conforming surgery

24
Q

Film clip: being trans

A

Gender identity not same as biological sex
Mija: 2 spirits (in diff culture)
Non binary
Top surgery: breast removal
Rejection, denial, negative reactions to coming out, bullying

25
Schizophrenia Psychosis
Loss of contact w reality Disturbance of ability to perceive&respond to environment Functioning impaired Hallucinations/delusions
26
Diagnosing schizophrenia DSM5
Symptoms of psychosis for 6+ months Deterioration in: social relations, work, self care
27
Schizophrenia Types of symptoms +/-
Positive symptoms (addition) Hallucinations/delusions Loose associations Neologisms (made up words) Preservation Clang (rhymes) Heightened perceptions Inappropriate affect (laughing at funeral) Negative symptoms (substraction) Poverty of speech Alogra (dont talk much) Blunted/flat affect Loss of volition (no motivation, drained) Social withdrawal (similar to depression)
28
Psychomotor symptoms (movement disorder)
Too much dopamine in brain Awkward movements Repeated grimaces Odd gestures Catalonia (freezes)
29
Causes of schizophrenia
Diathesis-stress model Biological predisposition+extreme environmental stressors=development of disorder
30
Causes of schizophrenia Biological view
Biochemical abnormalities Dopamine hypothesis (fire too often) Abnormal brain structure (enlarged ventricules)
31
Causes of schizophrenia Psychological view
Psychodynamic: Freud regression to primary narcissism Self centered symptoms From reichmann: Schizophrenogenic mothers Reject/use children to meet own needs Cognitive Brain produce strange/unreal sensations Patient struggle to understand symptoms Rational path to madness
32
Causes schizophrenia sociocultural
Rates differ between ethnic groups (Poverty the issue) Social labeling Family dysfunction (family stress)
33
Schizophrenia Tx
Chronic condition:on meds for life Meds: antipsychotic Reduce symptoms in at least 65% Non complice due to side effects
34
Schizophrenia Side effects of antipsychotic drugs
Conventional (D2 receptors) Extrapyrmidal effects Parkinsonian symptoms Tardive dyskinesia->movement Atypical (D1 serotonin receptors) Less movement disorders But agranulocytosis (drop in white blood cells:lethal)
35
Tx schizo Psychotherapy
Cognitive-behavioural focus Change how view/read hallucinations Education Teach more accurately interpret hallucinations Teach coping skills (ignore voices) Med management
36
Tx schizo Sociocultural focus
Family therapy, social therapy, problem solving/decision making Social skills training Med management All this reduces rehospitalization
37
Conduct disorder
Repeatedly violate basic rights of others Aggressive cruel towards kids/animals Causes Biological/environment Poverty effect Drug abuse Post trauma, family hostility Disturbed parent-child relationship
38
Conduct disorder Tx sociocultural
Sociocultural: Family interventions Parental video modeling Parent management training Residential tx Treatment foster care Institutionalization (doesn’t work)
39
Conduct disorder Cognitive behavioral tx
Child focused tx CBT intervention (problem solving skills training, anger coping coping power program)
40
Conduct disorder Tx biological
Medication Prevention
41
ADHD 3 types
Inattentive (misplacing things) Hyperactive (trouble sitting still) Combined Not a lot of dopamine in brain (not rewarded for every day tasks) Hyperfocused
42
ADHD
Difficulty paying attention to tasks/behave over actively/impulsively Persists thru childhood
43
ADHD causes Biological
Abnormal DA activity: abnormalities in frontal striatal areas-low dopamine levels
44
ADHD causes Sociocultural
Social labelling
45
ADHD tx
Drug therapy/meds most common Behavioral therapy: parent teachers operant conditioning to modify behaviour
46
Autism spectrum disorder
Lack of responsiveness/social reciprocity Communication problems Wide range of highly rigid repetitive behaviours, interests, activites Attached to particular objects, freak out when something is misplaced (over/under stimulated) Diagnose early as 3 yr (kid doesn’t make eye contact)
47
Autism Causes Psych/bio
Psychological: Central perceptued or cognitive disturbance (mind blindness? Not realizing others have minds/feelings Biological: Genetic factor Biological abnormalities Autism & brain: cerebellum, amygdala
48
Autism 2 film clips
1: theory of mind: understanding other ppl have their own minds 2: detection & tx of autism Brain disorder (increasingly past years) Many disorder in one Common: difficulty in social interactions 2/3 autistic ppl share gene mutation Brain enlargement common
49
Autism tx
Cognitive behavioral: Teach new appropriate behaviours Modelling/operant conditioning Education/training in special education classes/programs Communication training (sign language) Parent training, individual/group therapy
50
Recovery from mental illness
- 1st stage: find correct diagnosis, relieve most severe symptoms, find social support - 2nd stage: more manageable/ maintain stability
51
2 pillars
Uniqueness of each patient/right to determine path to mental health Many intersecting factors impact mental health
52
4 major dimensions
Health (make healthy choices) Home (stable safe place to live) Purpose (meaningful activities) Community (social support)
53
Recovery plan
Identify goals for achieving wellness Specifiy how to reach them Track changes in mental health Identify triggers/stressful events

Psych Disorders (4 decks)

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