Test 1 Flashcards by Lara De Sousa

4 D’s criteria for abnormal (name them)

Deviance, distress, dysfunction, danger

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Deviance (explain)

Violates social norms
Different from society’s ideas

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Distress (explain)

Behaviour/ideas/emotions cause distress
(except addicts/pedos dont see anything wrong)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Dysfunction (explain)

Interferes with daily functioning

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Danger (explain)

May be dangerous to self/others

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

DSM-5

Book with all disorders (diagnosis statistic manuel)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

(History) pre history
What did they think/do about mental illness?

Caused by evil spirits
Tx: trephination (holes in skull) exorcism

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

(History) Greek n Roman views
What did they think/do about mental illness?

Illness had physical cause
-> imbalance of 4 humours
Tx: bloodletting

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

(History) Middle Ages
What did they think/do about mental illness?

Evil spirits
Tx: exorcism

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

(History) the renaissance
What did they think/do about mental illness?

Mental disorder -> sickness
Tx: asylums

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

(History) 19th century
What did they think/do about mental illness?

Moral Tx: humane, respectful techniques

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

(History) 20th century
What did they think/do about mental illness?

Somatogenic vs psychogenic
New meds in 1950s

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

(History) current trends
What did they think/do about mental illness?

Mostly outpatient care (take meds leave)
Short term inpatient (in hospital)
1 in 5 Canadians have mental illness

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is culture

Shared set of beliefs, norms, values

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Culture influences how patients..

Present Sx
Ex. Asians report more physical than mental Sx

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

(Carpenter-song et al. 2010) euro Americans; African Americans; latinos

EA not worried about stigma
AA very concerned about stigma
L only ok if culturally accepted label (nervios)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Goals of psychology

Describe, explain, predict, influence change

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Scientific method 5 steps

Research question, hypothesis, test hypothesis, draw conclusions, replication

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Psychological states are subjective, cannot be measured

Ex: how to measure love

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Conducting research

Operationalizaiton
Translate hypothesis into specific measurable procedures
Sample vs population

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Correlations (way of analyzing

Correlation= relationships between 2 variables
Ex. Smoking is associated with sexual behaviour
Maybe but not always, could be other way around

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Experimental method

Experiment on sample

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Biological model
Main focus is..

Abnormality caused by malfunctioning brain: chemistry, anatomy, genes, infections

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Parts of neuron

Cell body (soma)
Dendrites
Axon
Nucleus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Firing of neuron

Sends info down axon All or nothing principle

Synapse Structures involved..

Space between the Neurons Axon terminal Synaptic vesicles Neurotransmitters Receptors

2 types of neuron transmitters (NTs) (name them)

Excitatory, inhibitory

Excitatory (explain NTs)

Encourage other neurons to fire

Inhibitory (NTs)

Cause other neurons to stop firing

Biological treatments (name them)

Drug Tx Electroconvulsive Tc (formally known as shock therapy) (primarily for suicide cases)

Psychoanalytic model

Unconscious conflict Id, ego, superego

Id is..

Unconscious Basic impulses but doesn’t act on it

Superego is..

Mostly preconscious Ideas and morals, conscience

Ego is..

Mostly conscious Thoughts perceptions

Psychodynamic model Ego’s job is..

Reduce anxiety, maintain self esteem, use défense mechanism Involves choosing between superego and id

7 defense mechanisms of ego (name them)

Rationalization, denial, repression, projection, reaction formation, displacement, sublimation

Ego Rationalization (explain)

Ego: nervous about exam->ill go see a movie Superego: no study! Id: movie movie!

Ego Denial (explain)

Ego: I’m not an alcoholic i can stop Superego: dont drink! Id: drink!

Ego repression

Ego: i don’t remember how i got this item Superego: stealing is wrong Id: stealing is fun

Ego Projection (explain)

Ego: my coworkers are lazy Superego: i should do what is excepted of me Id: i dont feel like working hard

Ego reaction formation (explain)

Ego: this porn should be censored..let me just see how bad it is.. Superego: wrong! Id: SEX!

Ego Sublimation (explain)

Ego: ill box really aggressively cuz I’m mad Superego: no dont Id: yes yes

Phallic stage for boys (explain and name)

Oedipus Complex Discovers penis Develops unconscious attraction to mom Hates dad, wants mom Fears dad, tries to be like dad

Phallic stage for girls (explain name)

Electra complex Discovers has no penis Develops unconscious penis envy Hates mom, wants dad Becomes like mom

Stage: oral (birth to 18months) What is the erogenous zone? Conflicts? Experiences? Adult traits associated with problems?

Mouth Oral gratification: eating, sucking, biting Optimism, gullibility, dependency (when oral gratification for long) Pessimism, passivity, sarcasm, agression (when not oral gratification for long)

Stage: anal (18 months to 3 years) What is the erogenous zone? Conflicts? Experiences? Adult traits associated with problems?

Anus Toilet training, gratification from pooping/holding it Excessive cleanliness, orderly, stinginess (if trained early/well) Messy, rebellious, destructiveness (if not trained early/well)

Stage: phallic (3 years to 6) What is the erogenous zone? Conflicts? Experiences? Adult traits associated with problems?

Genitals Sexual curiosity, masturbtion Flirtatiousness, promiscuity Chasity, prude

Stage: latency (6 years to puberty) What is the erogenous zone? Conflicts? Experiences? Adult traits associated with problems?

None Period of calm, interested in school/hobbies

Stage: genital (puberty onward) What is the erogenous zone? Conflicts? Experiences? Adult traits associated with problems?

Genitals Revival of sexual interest Starts sexual relationships

Psychoanalytic/dynamic therapies Techniques are? (Name them 4)

Free association, therapist interpretation, corrective emotional experiences, current trend: short term psychodynamic therapy

Free association therapy (explain)

Patient says anything on their mind

Therapist interpretation (explain)

Therapist interprets what patient says ->resistance, transference, dream interpretation

Rogers humanistic theory and therapy Basic need is..

Unconditional positive regard (getting love from parents) If yes, leads to unconditional positive self regard If no, leads to conditions of worth (ex. if I’m skinny then i love myself)

Criteria for DSM-5 (3)

Diagnoses Key clinical features Related features

DSM-5 requires 2 types of informations..

Categorical (type of discorder indicated by Sx) Dimensional (severity and how dysfunctional client is)

Issues of DSM-5 are..(3)

Bias, valid, reliability

Solutions for DSM-5 issues.. (2)

DSM clarifies Men vs Female Sx differences Clinicians should reflect on stereotypes, clinician perspectives, cultural influences, function Sx serves for client

Harm that Dx/labels causes..(2)

Misdiagnosis problematic Labels and stigma BUT can be helpful

What determines Tx..

Dodo effect is..

All therapies are generally equal effective BUT cognitive behavioural Tx best for phobias

Which Tx is best for phobias?

Cognitive behavioural