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Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

A

(Excessive anxiety, worry, free floating anxiety)->but no danger

Symptoms: restlessness, fatigue, irritability, muscle tension, sleep disturbances

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2
Q

Phobias: specific:

A

Persistent fears of a specific object/situation

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3
Q

Agoraphobia

A

Fear of being in a situation w no escape
Exposure therapy most efficient

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4
Q

What causes phobias? Evidence, developed, maintained

A

Best evidence: behavioural
Developed thru: classical conditioning/modeling
Maintained thru: avoidance

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5
Q

Tx of phobias (specific)

A

Exposure techniques:

Systematic desensitization
Learn relaxation skills
Create fear hierarchy
Confront feared situation

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6
Q

2 types of desensitization

A

In vivo desensitization (live)
Covert desensitization (imaginal)

(New approach: virtual reality)

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7
Q

3 types of tx of phobias

A
  1. Systematic desensitization
  2. Flooding; forced non gradual exposure
  3. Modelling; therapist confronts patients feared objects
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8
Q

Modelling tx for phobias

A

Key to success: actual contact with feared object/situation

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9
Q

Social anxiety

A

Anxiety in social situations (worried about being judge/functioning poorly in front of other ppl)

Most likely in poor ppl/women

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10
Q

Symptoms social anxiety

A

Negative thoughts
Embarrassant
Physical reactions
Avoidance/safety behaviours

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11
Q

Cognitive perspective on social anxiety

A

Theory: self defeating beliefs:
Unrealistic high social standards
Tend to believe they are unattractive/ socially skilled

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12
Q

Tx social anxiety

A

Change beliefs
Exposure
Social skills/assertiveness training
Often use antidepressants

But therapy is as effective as meds and less relapse

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13
Q

Panic disorder

A

Attacks are periodic/unpredictable
Worry about having an attack
Fears: going crazy, dying, losing control

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14
Q

Panic disorder, symptoms

A

Extreme physical sensations
Peak rapidly (within 10 mins)

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15
Q

Biological perspective, panic disorder

A

Theory: irregular norepinephrine activity

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16
Q

Tx, panic disorder

A

Antidepressants/benzodiazepines
Break cycle of attack, anticipation, fear
Combo tx test

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17
Q

Cognitive perspective theory, panic disorder

And tx for it

A

Overly sensitive to certain bodily sensations (anxiety sensitivity)
Misinterpreted signs of medical catastrophe

Tx
Accurate interpretations
Interoceptive exposure (biological challenge procedure)
Relaxation breathing

18
Q

Obsessive compulsive disorder (ocd) characteristics

A

Obsession
Intrusive/foreign, persistent thoughts

If resisted-> anxiety

19
Q

OCD causes/tx

A

Behavioural, compulsions reduce anxiety

Tx
Exposure/response prevention

20
Q

Cognitive OCD

A

Try to neutralize bad thoughts but->fail

Tx
Identify&change distorted cognitions
Cognitive+behavioural tx therapy (CBT)

21
Q

Biological ocd
Tx

A

Abnormal serotonin activity/brain structure & functioning-> orbitofrontal cortex & cauclate nuclei

Tx
Antidepressants
Meds+ CBT may be more effective

22
Q

OCD video

A

Mom overprotective of kids
Germs/disease phobia
Specific ritual
Fixation on numbers

23
Q

Mood disorders
Unipolar depression

A

Only have lows (no high, no mania)

24
Q

Unipolar depression
Symptoms

A

Low mood/irritability (especially in children/ado)
Loss of pleasure/interest
Weight, appetites or sleep changes
Agitation
Fatigue
Feeling hopeless, low self esteem
Problems of attention/communication
Suicidality

25
Film clip unipolar depression
Chemical imbalance
26
Diagnosing unipolar depression
Major depressive disorder Persistent depressive Double depression
27
Theoretical perspectives unipolar depression
Biological theory: genetic factors -> M2 (identical)=twins 46% ->D2 (fraternal) twins 20% Biochemical factors -> serotonin/norepine
28
Tx unipolar depression
Antidepressants create more (serotonin, dopamine)<- neurotransmitters (BUT lots of side effects) Electro convulsive therapy (ECT)->unilateral ECT (BUT side effect=memory loss)
29
Theoretical perspectives unipolar depression Analytic/dynamic theory n tx
Death of a loved one=regress to oral stage Relationships (with parents mostly) lead to insecurity/unsafe Tx Review of post events/feelings
30
Behavioural theory unipolar depression
Less rewards end to less constructive behaviours -> research= number of social rewards important Tx Reward appropriate behaviours More pleasurable activities
31
Cognitive theory unipolar depression
Learned helplessness Believe have no control over your life “if nothing i do can save me, ill do nothing” type shit Ex: seligman and lab dogs Attributions: internal attribution: I’m responsible this is happening bcuz of me. Global and stable EX. its all my fault (internal) i ruin everything (global) and i always will (stable) Solutions Better attributions Ex. She had a role in this too (external) but i have been a jerk (specific) and i dont usually act like that (unstable) Negative thinking
32
Beck, 4 cognitive components
Maladaptive attitudes Cognitive triad (ppl interpret themselves/future in neg way) Errors in thinking=disqualifying the positive Automatic negative thoughts
33
Bipolar disorder
Lows of depression, highs of mania Usually starts in adolescence/early adulthood Onset btw 15-44y Same thing for W n M Poverty effect Chronic incurable BUT treatable Cyclical: matter of time until mood shifts
34
Bipolar disorder, maniac
Important, energized, delusions, talk fast, sex drive, impulsivity, hostility
35
Bipolar disorder, depressive
Sadness, despair, loss of energy, suicidal thoughts, changes in sleep/eating habits
36
Film clip bipolar disorder
Becca brown: living w bipolar disorder
37
Bipolar disorder Symptoms of mania 5 main areas
Emotional=high, euphoric but also irritable, impatient Motivational=start lots of projects but easily distracted Behavioural=talk fast without sense Cognitive= unable to plan, self awareness Physical
38
Diagnosing bipolar disorder
At least mania from a week 2 kinds: Bipolar 1: full manic/major depressive episodes Bipolar 2: hypomanic episodes (less severe) and major depressive episodes Cyclothymie disorder: many periods of hypomanic symptoms/mild depression Symptoms: 2+ years, periods of normal mood, may progress to bipolar 1/2
39
Causes of bipolar disorders
Biological model: Genetic factor (inherited predisposition)
40
Permissive theory bipolar disorder
Low serotonin starts mood disorders (with NE) Low serotonin+low NE=depression Low serotonin+high NE=mania
41
Tx bipolar disorder
Fic chemical imbalance Lithium therapy-> v effective, 60% w mania improve BUT determine correct dosage is difficult If too high= lithium intoxication (poisoning) Compliance issue-> weight gain May enjoy mania Helps somewhat w dep episodes
42
ABC
Activating event->rejection Belief->no one likes me Consequence->distress

Psych Disorders (4 decks)

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