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PSYCH 2301 > Test 4 > Flashcards

Test 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

(Ch12) What criteria do psychologists use to classify behavior as abnormal?

A

If the behavior:
Is strange in person’s own culture/age group;
Causes personal distress;
Is maladaptive;
Interferes or impairs functioning;
Causes the person to be a danger to self or others;

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2
Q

What is the DSM-5?

A

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed. 2013);
contains descriptions of ~300 specific psychological disorders;
lists diagnosis criteria;
categorizes disorders

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3
Q

What are the five perspectives psychologists use to explain psychological disorders?

A

Biological; Biopsychosocial; Psychodynamic (Freudian); Learning; Cognitive

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4
Q

What are anxiety disorders?

A

Characterized by frequent/excessive, fearful thoughts about the future

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5
Q

What are the characteristics of panic attacks, agoraphobia, and panic disorder?

A

Panic attacks: overwhelming anxiety, fear, or terror; cued or uncued
Agoraphobia: fearing situations from which one cannot escape; related to claustrophobia
Panic disorder: recurring, unpredictable episodes of overwhelming anxiety, fear, or terror; often associated with object or place; can lead to development of agoraphobia

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6
Q

What are phobias?

A

Fears inadvertently grown out of proportion through self-reinforcement

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7
Q

What are social phobias and specific phobias?

A

Social: Irrational fear/avoidance of embarrassing/humiliating oneself in any social setting
Specific: fear of specific object/situation

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of obsessive-compulsive disorder?

A

Recurring obsessions and/or compulsions

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9
Q

What are mood disorders?

A

Characterized by extreme and unwarranted disturbances in emotion

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10
Q

What is major depressive disorder?

A

Overwhelming sadness, despair, and hopelessness; loss of pleasure

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11
Q

What is bipolar disorder?

A

Cycle between manic episodes (euphoria) and depression, with “normal” periods in between

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12
Q

What is mania?

A

Decreased need for sleep, higher sex drive, noticeably talking more, feeling euphoric, engaging in risky behaviors (self-harm, excessive money spending), increased energy levels

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13
Q

What are the mood changes that people with bipolar disorder experience?

A

Bipolar I: manic episodes with self-destructive behavior and being out of touch of reality (delusions)
Bipolar II: milder manic (hypomanic) episodes that do not necessarily lead to dysfunctional behavior

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14
Q

What do psychologists explain the occurrence of depressive and bipolar disorders?

A

Neurological correlates; High degree of Neuroticism; Heredity; Stressors; Culture

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15
Q

What are the risk factors for suicide?

A

Mood disorders; Schizophrenia; Substance abuse; Ineffective/dysfunctional coping strategies; Unhealthy self-esteem; Major life stressors; Untreated psychological/psychiatric conditions; Chronic debilitating medical conditions

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16
Q

What are positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

Positive:
Additional (bizarre, exaggerated); Hallucinations; Delusions; Derailment; Inappropriate affect
Negative:
Social withdrawal; Apathy; Flat affect; Limited speech/slow movements; Poor hygiene

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17
Q

A disorder in which children are highly irritable, may exhibit aggressive behavior during tantrums, show difficult temperaments, and possible early neurotic features

A

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD)

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18
Q

A disorder in which a child displays poor social skills and has difficulty establishing/maintaining social relationships

A

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

19
Q

A disorder characterized by difficulty maintaining focus and concentration; inattentiveness

A

Attention deficit disorder(ADD)

20
Q

A disorder characterized by inattention and uncontrollable hyperactivity

A

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)

21
Q

What are personality disorders?

A

Long-standing, inflexible, maladaptive patterns of behaving and relating to others

22
Q

What are the various personality disorders discussed in class? What are their characteristics?

A

Paranoid: highly untrusting/hypersensitive
Schizoid: isolates self from others
Schizotypal: dresses in unusual ways and lacks social skills
Narcissistic: self-centered, arrogant, lacks empathy
Histrionic: seeks attention, manipulative, overdramatic
Borderline: unstable behavior, fear of abandonment, impulsive/reckless
Antisocial: highly disregards others, is impulsive, selfish, aggressive
Obsessive-compulsive: overly perfectionist, emotionally shallow relationships
Avoidant: avoids social situations, fears criticism/rejection
Dependent: fears abandonment, overly depends on others

23
Q

What are somatoform disorders?

A

Physical symptoms are present that are due to psychological causes rather than any known medical condition

24
Q

What are dissociative disorders?

A

The loss of one’s ability to integrate all the components of self into a coherent representation of one’s identity

25
Q

What are the different dissociative disorders discussed in class?

A

Dissociative amnesia, Dissociative fugue, Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

26
Q

What are sexual disorders/dysfunctions and paraphilias?

A

Sexual disorders: Persistent problems involving sexual desire/arousal/pleasure
Paraphilias: behaviors an individual has intense sexual urges/fantasies

27
Q

(Ch.13) What is psychotherapy?

A

“Talk therapy”; psychological treatments for emotional/behavioral disorders

28
Q

What is developing insight?

A

Developing self-understanding/self-discovery

29
Q

What is the purpose of psychodynamic therapies?

A

To uncover repressed childhood experiences (thought to be) responsible for patient’s current problems

30
Q

What are humanistic therapies? How do they help clients?

A

Assume people have free will to live rational lives; creates unconditional acceptance between therapist and client

31
Q

Summarize the goal of the therapist in person-centered therapy

A

To create an unconditional accepting environment; active listening

32
Q

How does Gestalt therapy help a client?

A

Become more integrated, authentic, self-accepting; directive

33
Q

What are the goals of family and couple therapy?

A

Examine interpersonal relationship struggles; family structure, dynamic, alliances

34
Q

What are some advantages of group therapy?

A

Provides sense of belonging; can express feelings, give and receive feedback/support

35
Q

What is the purpose of behavior therapies?

A

To change troublesome behavior; aligns with the learning perspective; addresses behavior as disorder

36
Q

Describe the behavior therapies that are based on classical conditioning and social-cognitive theory

A

Flooding: expose client to phobia for extended periods until anxiety decreases
…

37
Q

What are cognitive behavior therapies (CBT)?

A

Assume maladaptive behavior results from irrational thoughts, etc.

38
Q

What is CT and REBT? How do clients benefit?

A

Cognitive therapy (CT): anxiety/depression can be traced to automatic thoughts; help clients overcome these cognitive errors
Rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT): replace irrational beliefs with rational ones, correcting emotional reactions

39
Q

What are the different types of biological (biomedical) therapies?

A

Drug and surgical therapies

40
Q

What are neuroleptics, antidepressants, anticonvulsants, benzodiazepines?

A

Drug therapies; reduce amount of time patient is hospitalized

41
Q

What invasive and non-invasive therapies are used to treat depression?

A

Invasive: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
Non-invasive: Rapid Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS)

42
Q

What are the various types of mental health professionals?

A

Psychiatrist; Psychoanalyst; Clinical psychologist; Counseling psychologist; Clinical or psychiatric social worker (M.S.W.)

43
Q

(FINAL)

A

PSYCH 2301 (1 decks)

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