Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy > Test 4 > Flashcards

Test 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Hydrobond

A

hold DNa in double helix shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Helicase

A

What breaks hydrogen bonds and uncoils DNA double helix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Primase

A

Enzyme that makes the Primer for a starting point for replication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

DNA Ligase

A

glues all segemtns together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Exonuclease

A

removes primers cause primers are RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

DNA polymerase

A

makes new DNA strands.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Nucleotides

A

building blocks of DNA and RNA
structure: Phosphate group, 5 carbon sugar, and nitrogen base.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Nitrogen bases

A

one of the three parts of a nucleotide (A, T, G, C)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hydrogen bonds

A

Keep DNA in a doublr helix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Double helix

A

DNA two strands twisted together and DNa’s shape,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Replication fork

A

where the start where DNA is unwinded.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Leading strand

A

creates DNA from 5 to 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Lagging strand

A

creates DNA from 3 to 5 and has to be done in segments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Complementary strands

A

the new strands being made

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Okazki fragments

A

short segments of DNA that are created on the Lagging strand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Template

A

the original strands that the complementary strand is built off of.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Semiconservative

A

old strand with new strand.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

LIst the stages of the Cell cycle and what happens at each

A
  1. G1- Growth
  2. Synthesis- DNA replication
  3. G2- Organelles replicate
  4. Mitosis/ Meiosis- New nuclei made
  5. Cytokinesis- Cytoplasm split into two cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

3 possible outcomes of a cell that enters the cell cycle:

A
  1. Specialize
  2. Apoptosis
  3. Divide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

List 3 cell in the body that do not complete the cell cycle

A

neurons
skeletal muscular cells
erythrocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

List the 4 stages of Mitosis in order

A

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what stage do the chromosomes line up at the equator

A

Metaphase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what stage do the chromosomes first appear

A

Prophase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

In what stage does the nuclear membrane disappear

A

Prophase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what stage are 2 indentical diploid nuclei produced

A

Telophase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What stage are the sister chomatid ripped apart

A

anaphase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What type of cell does mitosis happen

A

Somatic (2n)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What 3 things happen in meiosis and not mitosis

A
  1. synaposis
  2. crossing-over
  3. skipping interphase (replication
29
Q

what cells undergo meiosis

A

Germ cells (Gametes)

30
Q

How many chromosome are in a nucleis of meiosis

31
Q

What is the term that describes a cell with 2 sets of chromosomes

A

diploid (mitosis)

32
Q

What is the term that describes a cell with one set of chromosomes

A

haploid (meiosis)

33
Q

Cellular Respiration Equation

A

Glucose + Oxygen = 36 ATP + Carbon Dioxide + Water + Heat

34
Q

Glycolysis

A

Products: 2 net ATP, NADH, Pyruvate, and Electrons
In the Cytoplasm
Anareobic

35
Q

Krebs Cycle

A

Products: 2 ATP, Carbon dioxide, NADH, Electron, FADH2, and Citric acid
Mitochondria Matrix (between 1st and 2nd layer)
Aerobic

36
Q

Electron Transport Chain

A

Products: Heat, Water, 26-32 ATP
Inner Mitochondria Membrane
aerobic

37
Q

Hydrogen ions need to pass through ___________ to signal it to add a phosphate group to ADP to make ATP

A

ATP Synthase

38
Q

Fermentation

A

When there is not enough oxygen present
Creates 2 ATP and Lactic Acid

39
Q

Where and when does DNA replication happen

A

In the nucleus during S-Phase

40
Q

DNA is composed of 20,000-20,500 segments called

41
Q

The 4 Nitrogen Bases

A

A-Adenine
T-Thymine
G-Guanine
C-Ctyosine

42
Q

DNA is _____ nucleotide pairs long

43
Q

Gene

A

are on your DNA and contain info to make protein

44
Q

Another name for protein synthesis

A

Gene expression

45
Q

Genes will turn on and off based on the ________ around

46
Q

What are the two steps of Protein synthesis in order

A
  1. Transcription
  2. Translation
47
Q

Transcription

A

When one gene is copied into m-RNA and happens in the nucleus

48
Q

Translation

A

When the m-RNA is read by the t-RNA to assemble a protein at the ribosome in cytoplasm. t-RNA leaves the anti codon with the codon and gets another amino acid this cycle repeats for amino acids to build up.

49
Q

m-RNA are read in segments of three that codes for amino acids called

50
Q

what hold amino acids together

A

peptide dond

51
Q

What is the starter codon

A

AUG (methionine)

52
Q

what are stop codons

A

UAA, UGA, UAG

53
Q

RNA polymerase

A

important enzyme in protein synthesis that breaks hydrogen bonds between nucleotide to unzip DNA and form complementary mRNA strand.

54
Q

3 differences between DNA and RNS

A

DNA is two strands and RNA is one
DNA’s bases are A,T,G,C and RNA is A,U,G,C
DNA contains info for all geno,e and RNA is one gene

55
Q

Messenger RNA contain info to

A

make a specific protein

56
Q

DNA stands for

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

57
Q

RNA stands for

A

Ribonucleic acid

58
Q

the nitrogen base U stands for

59
Q

Are enzymes consumed in their function

60
Q

Substrate

A

Any substance that binds to a enzyme

61
Q

Anabolic reaction

A

build large molecules from small ones

62
Q

Catabolic reaction

A

breakdown of large molecules to small ones

63
Q

Enzymes

A

proteins that work by lowering the activation energy and speed the rates of chemical reactions.

64
Q

What factors alter/denature enzymes

A

exposure to heat radiation, electricity, fluids with extreme PH levels, and certain chemicals

65
Q

An enzyme’s _________ allows it to recognize its substrate

A

conformation

66
Q

A sequence of enzyme-controlled reactions is

A

metabolic pathways

67
Q

Cells can only capture ____ of energy released from bonds

68
Q

Centromere

A

protein disc that hold homologous chromosomes together

69
Q

Centrioles

A

Organelles built of microtudes that move chromosomes within a nucleus

Anatomy (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions