Organelles Flashcards
Nucleus
houses DNA that directs cell activites.
Nucleolus
Where Ribosomes form that migrate through nuclear pores to cytoplasm. (small dense body composed of RNA and protein).
Nuclear membrane
Maintains intergrity of nucleus and controls passage of materials between nucleus and cytoplasm. Double membrane
Ribosomes
Provide structural support and make protein (tiny spheres made of RNA and protein scattered in cytoplasm.)
Lysosomes
Memebrane sacs that shield the cell from acidic conditions, maintain acidic pH the enable enzymes to function, destroy worn cellular parts, and house enzymes that dismantle debris.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
tubular network that transports molecules around the cellsynthesis lipids and are membrane bounded flattened sacs that connect to the cell membrane.
Microfilaments and Microtubules
Filaments are tiny rods of actin that form bundles and provide cell movement and Microtubes are long tubes made of tubulin that are important for cell division. both form the cytoskeleton in cytoplasm and make up centrosomes, cilia, and flagella.
Cilia
hairlike structures under the membrane that move to and fro to make movement and are in the nose and help with smelling
Vesicles
membranous sacs that store and transport substances within the cell and between cells
Centrosome
structure near the Golgi apparatus and nucleus with no membrane and is made of two hallow cylinders called centrioles and help ditribute chromosomes during Mitosis
Chromatin
loosely coiled fibers of DNA and protein contains information for synthesizing proteins in nucleus.
Peroxisomes
membranous sacs that are abundant in liver and kidney cells that house enzymes that speed a variety of biochemical reactions. break down hydrogen peroxide, fatty acids, and detoxify alochol
Golgi appartus
stack of five to eight flattened, membranous sacs that package with bits of Golgi membrane and transports proteins
The five characteristics of cancer
Hyperplasia, Dedifferentiation, Invasiveness, Angiogenesis, and Metastasis
Hyperplasia
is uncontrolled cell division
Dedifferentiation
loss of the specialized structures and functions of the normal type of cell
Invasiveness
the ability to break through boundaries called basement membranes that separate cell layers
Angiogenesis
the ability of cancer to induce extension of nearby blood vessels. This blood supply nourishes the cells and removes wastes, enabling the cancer grow.
Metastasis
the spread of cancer cells to other tissues through the bloodstream or lymphatic system.
