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Intro To Poli Sci > Test #4 > Flashcards

Test #4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the indicators of human development index (hdi)

A

HDI, is computed by the UN to reflect the quality of life

that gives equal weight to three indicators: “a long and healthy life, as measured by life expectancy at birth; knowledge, as measured by the adult literacy rate and…[school] enrollment levels; and a decent standard of living,

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2
Q

What are the indicators of social development index (sdi)

A

To measure this mix, a social development index has been calculated for each country to reflect the levels of:
Knowledge
Urban lifestyle
Health (measured as longevity and mortality rates to age five)
Communication capabilities

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3
Q

What is the global North

A

Geographically usually me northern hemisphere

Highest level of
:.avg health
Overall social development
Adult literacy
Communication media
Quality of healthcare
Material living

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4
Q

What is the global south

A

graphically usually in the south they are less developed/developing

Low GDP
Low social development literacy, urbanization, health
Low economical advancement

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5
Q

Measurement of economic development

A

GDP
per capita)

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6
Q

What is GDP

A

Measure economic performance

Gross domestic product

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7
Q

What are the pillars of stability

A

Democratization

Order maintenance

Political development

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8
Q

What are the pillars of security

A

Prestige

Influence

Survival

Autonomy

Dominance

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9
Q

What are the pillars of prosperity

A

Welfare distribution

Economic development

Economic growth

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10
Q

Goal of prosperity in developing countries

A

Statism

Produce for only domestic consumption

Mix of manufactured goods, services, and commodities

Collaboration with foreign capital (IMF) and SAP

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11
Q

Foreign aid

A

Outlier country gives money

Most aid from the Global North has been in the forms of shared technology, grants and loans (with no expectation of repayment), and debt forgiveness on existing loans been in the forms of shared technology, grants and loans (with no expectation of repayment), and debt forgiveness on existing loans.

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12
Q

Foreign direct investment

A

FDI ‘
Building factories in countries

NOT AID

invest in the developing country’s firms or set up their own firms within the country. Such investment is provided by those who expect substantial profits due to the rich resources, cheap labor, tax advantages, and minimal regulation in the developing country. Many less developed countries accept such foreign involvement in their economy on the assumption that capital, jobs, and other economic benefits will “trickle down” to their population

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13
Q

Microfinance

A

, a term that refers to loans, insurance, savings programs, and other financial services extended to the very poor.

microcredit—the lending of very small amounts of money, typically ranging from $100 to $500, to enable them to launch such ventures.

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14
Q

International monetary fund (IMF)

A

International Monetary Fund (IMF), a consortium of financial institutions that sets economic policy and monitors the behavior of global lenders and debtors. To grant additional loans or to reschedule payments on existing loans, the IMF requires “conditionalities”: the debtor state must fulfill specific conditions that the IMF sets.

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15
Q

SAP

A

facilitating free trade and foreign direct investment. Often, SAPs also require the state to reduce public spending, with particularly severe reductions in the state’s distribution of welfare services to its population, tax cuts, and privatization of state-owned firms

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16
Q

What me the challenges of prosperity for developing countries ?

A

Overpopulation

Corruption

Internal disorder

Neocolonialism

Competition in international market

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17
Q

Sub Saharan Africa

A

poorest and least economically developed region in the world

still characterized by aspects of neocolonialism, with limited control over their own resources and a dependency on foreign financial and technological assistance.

, political and social stability are problematic, and political structures still lack institutionalization

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18
Q

How do developed countries address prosperity?

A

Mixed economy - with both social market system and market economies

High GDP and HDI

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19
Q

Developed: Social market system

A

State encourages an extensive market economy but also committed to social welfare distribution and economic regulation

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20
Q

Market economies

A

Developed countries in which most economic activity is in the private sector and the gov. Has a limited role in regulatory and redistributive policies

PRIVATIZATION

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21
Q

Developed: challenges to prosperity

A

Erratic economicgrowth

Competitive globalized economic system

Eu competition and tension

Distribution of property

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22
Q

How do developing countries address stability?

A

There is a persistent political underdevelopment

Declan in order due to political decay and evident in military regimes and international war

Major loss of democracies according to freedom house

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23
Q

Challenges to reach stability

A

Interstate violence

Geopolitics vulnerability

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24
Q

What is interstate violence

A

War is interstate violence that is sustained and organized and (usually) involves hostilities between the regular military forces of the states ‘

Between less cleuloped countries

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25
Q

What is geopolitics vulnerability

A

Threat of a bigger better country nearby

26
Q

Goals and purposes of liberal democracies

A

Political system that not only is an electoral democracy (periodic elections, limited mandate) but also ensures extensive political rights

27
Q

Goals and purpose of political institutionalization

A

Political organization that the people find value in they have the stability to withstand pressure capacity to regulate cites respond to treen demands

28
Q

Boats and purpose of order maintenance

A

Maintain order in the state to provide stability

29
Q

Personal disorder

A

personal disorders (e.g., suicide, substance abuse). While a few Global North countries have exceptionally high levels of order maintenance, such as Switzerland and Singap

30
Q

Social disorder

A

social disorders (e.g., murder, rape, robbery, trafficking, white-collar crime, organized crime)

31
Q

Political disorder

A

political violence (e.g., illegal demonstrations, riots, rebellions, coups, revolutions),

32
Q

Describe Singapore

A

Singapore is also notable for the remarkable social control policie

. Singapore has used government policy more expansively to achieve order maintenance than any other developed coun

33
Q

Multiculturalism

A

Challenge to stability for both developed and developing because multiple groups have demands

34
Q

Hyperpluralism

A

difficult for policymakers to make decisions and resolve conflicts because it is often impossible to satisfy the opposing viewpoints.

If key groups become dissatisfied with government paralysis and unresponsiveness, they can make increasingly strident political demands, engage in aggressive political actions and produce high levels of political instability.

35
Q

How do developing countries go about trying to reach security

A

Geographic boundaries
cultural differences
attempt to gain control of resources
internal problems
actions of other states

36
Q

developing: challenges of security

A

States goals of autonomy depends on capacity to resist external manipulation of political economy is

Economic intervention mostly from IMF

Recently liters expressing a position to IMF

And geopolitics vulnerability

37
Q

How do developed achieve security?

A

Colonialism prestige and influence

38
Q

Developed: what are the challenges of security

A

The instability of developing countries can cause instability in developed countries

Disorder and the rest of the world

Globalization of terrorism

Proliferation (spread)of weapons

Competition for markets and resources

39
Q

The regional classifications of global south

A

East Asia and Pacific

South Asia and central Asia ‘

Middle East and northern Africa

Sub-Saharan desert

Latin America

40
Q

Statism

A

Even though that isn’t is not recommended developing countries still use this type of economy this economy uses extensive state control of products

Not recommended because it causes poor economy and is a lack of incentive

41
Q

Neoliberalism

A

 An approach to economic development that emphasizes a reliance on a local and global free market that is guided by entrepreneurs of goods

The State plays a minimal role in the political economy and public spending is focused on infrastructure support rather than welfare

42
Q

Import substitution

A

a policy whereby a country decreases the share of goods that are imported by producing more of those goods domestically

43
Q

Export promotion

A

a policy whereby firms are encouraged to produce goods and services that can be exported and sold at a profit in the global economy.

44
Q

Role of agriculture / commercial agriculture inglobal south

A

Increase the population means greater demand for food

global south encourages private farmers or local collectives but
need to transition to commercial agriculture

45
Q

Talk about Bangladesh

A

For example, Bangladesh and Vietnam produce an increasing share of the shoes and clothing that are exported

46
Q

Summarize levels of freedom by freedom house

A

Freedom House has developed a widely cited scale, with each country scoring from 1 to 7 points on political rights and from 1 to 7 points on civil liberties

47
Q

Economic underdevelopment

A
48
Q

Political underdevelopment

A
49
Q

Globalization

A

increasing integration of diverse economic, social, cultural, military, and environmental phenomena by means of dense networks of action and information that rapidly span vast distances around the world.

50
Q

BRICS stands for

A

Brazil

Russia

India

China

South Africa

51
Q

Talk about Hungary

A

Hungary is among a group of countries termed partly developed countries. They are characterized by levels of economic and social development that are lower than those in the Global North but are higher than those of countries in the Global South. Some are transitioning toward higher levels of economic and social development at rates that could soon result in their classification as more developed countrie

52
Q

Outliers are

A

outliers.” For instance, these countries might have a medium level of economic development and a high level of social development (e.g., Argentina, Costa Rica) or a low level of social development and a high level of economic development (e.g., Algeria, Indonesia) or mid-level social development and a low level of economic development (e.g., Ukraine, Georgi

53
Q

Post communist

A

Once communist countries are outliers o developing

54
Q

How do Partly developed address prosperity?

A

Varying levels of prosperity

some pretty rapid transition to Market politcal economy example turkey

typical GDP per capita is 12,000 to 35,000

general standards of living is good

Some have high levels of inquality for example China

economic growth patterns range from poor to good

55
Q

Party developed: Challenges of prosperity

A
56
Q

Goals and strategies of partly developed achieve stability?

A

Attempt to have democracy but failed a.k.a. flawed democracies



57
Q

Challenges to achieve stability in partlydecloped countries

A

Multiple identity groups conflict over power distribution
sovereignty and border protection
economic growth
and public order

58
Q

Goals /strategies to address security in partly developed countries

A

China and Russia have highest military spenders after US

Brazil 11th highest spender and partly developed countries with no serious threat

Military threat among themselves

Many partly developed countries rely on multilateral mutual defense treaties like NATO

59
Q

The BRICS address prosperity by

A

Market and trade based economic strategy

Government active partner

Public policies facilitate expert oriented growth

Emergence of an elite class

New development Bank

China market authoritarian political economy

60
Q

The BRICS address stability by

A

China most aggressive and suppressing political freedoms controlling media limiting antisocial behavior

Russia is similar but less intense

Indian Brazil South Africa have free constitutional democracies high levels of political media and personal freedoms

However corruption is prevalent in all

61
Q

How does BRICS address security

A

All rank low in global peace index

South Africa is persistent risk of violence due to heavy immigration

India China Russia have a nuclear powers

Might be an emerging power center

Might not survive in the face of global crisis

62
Q

What is the future of the partly developed countries

A

Intro To Poli Sci (4 decks)

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