Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Developmental Psychology > Test 4 > Flashcards

Test 4 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

What is an androgynous orientation?

A

When an individual sees themselves as having both masculine and feminine traits.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What meant by locus of control?

A

A set of beliefs about the causes of events.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Differentiate between external and internal locus of control.

A

External: attributes the causes of experiences to factors outside himself.
Internal: views personal variables as responsible for outcomes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define crystallized intelligence

A

knowledge and judgement acquired through education and experience.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is fluid intelligence?

A

The aspect of intelligence that reflects fundamental biological processes and does not depend on specific experiences.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define intimacy

A

The capacity to engage in a supportive, affectionate relationship without losing one’s own sense of self.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is meant by life structures?

A

A key concept in Levinson’s theory; the underlying pattern or design of a person’s life at a given time, which includes roles, relationships, and behaviour patterns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is primary aging?

A
  • Also known as senescence

- Age-related physical changes that have a biological basis and are universally shared and inevitable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is secondary aging?

A

Age-related changes that are due to social and environmental influences, poor health habits, or disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the psychological self?

A

A person’s understanding of his or her enduring psychological characteristics.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What two hormones govern the rate of growth?

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone and general growth hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does Piaget say about the adolescent in the formal operational stage?

A

They engage in more sophisticated concrete logic than before

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What was wrong with Piaget’s view of adolescents in the formal operational stage?

A

Piaget was overly optimistic about adolescents’ thinking abilities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define an androgynous individual

A

They have neither masculine and feminine personality traits.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe preconventional morality.

A

The child’s judgements are based on sources of authority who are close by and physically superior- usually the parents.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe post-conventional morality.

A

Judgements are based on an integration of individual rights and the needs of society.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe conventional morality.

A

Rules or norms of a group to which the individual belongs becomes the basis of moral judgments, whether that group is the family, the peer group, a church, or the nation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the two, apparently contradictory, tasks teenagers have in their relationships with their parents?

A

To establish autonomy from them and to maintain a sense of relatedness with them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What becomes of teenagers’ underlying emotional attachment to their parents?

A

It remains strong, on average.

20
Q

What do adolescents need from their parents?

A

A psychological safe base.

21
Q

What appears to be the primary function of peer groups in adolescence?

A

A vehicle for making the transition into adulthood

22
Q

What ages are considered early adulthood?

A

20 to 40

23
Q

How do the performances of young adults, middle-aged adults, and old adults compare?

A

Young adults perform better than the other two on almost every physical measure

24
Q

Does IQ change across middle childhood, adolescence and early adulthood?

A

No, remains quite stable.

25
Q

Give an example of fluid intelligence?

A

Knowledge about your culture

26
Q

How does our way of thinking change from adolescence to early adulthood?

A

Individuals turn away from the preoccupation with self-definition that is characteristic of adolescence and take on a series of roles that involve new relationships with other people.

27
Q

According to Erickson, what is the central crisis of early adulthood?

A

Intimacy versus isolation

28
Q

What is a life structure?

A

All the roles an individual occupies, all his or her relationships, and the conflicts and balance that exist among them.

29
Q

Who makes up our social network in early adulthood?

A

Friends, Family, and our life partner

30
Q

What happens to a young adult’s attachment to his or her parents when the young adult seeks to establish his or her own household?

A

The attachment to parents continues, but it is less central

31
Q

Which kind of friendships are more common in young adulthood?

A

Same-sex friendships

32
Q

What is characteristic of young adults’ friends?

A

They are overwhelmingly drawn from their own age group.

33
Q

What is characteristic of adult women’s friendships?

A

Women have fewer friends, but they are very close to them.

34
Q

What characteristics are crucial to a successful marriage?

A

The personalities of the partners and their attitudes towards marriage, the security of each partner’s attachment to their own family, and emotional affection.

35
Q

What are Sternberg’s components of love?

A

Intimacy (feelings promoting closeness and connectedness), passion (feeling of intense longing for union with the other person, incl. sexual union), and commitment to a particular other (often over a long period of time)

36
Q

What are Sternberg’s 7 varieties of love?

A

1) Empty Love (Commitment)
2) Companionate Love (Commitment+Intimacy)
3) Liking (Intimacy)
4) Fatuous Love (Commitment+Passion)
5) Infatuation (Passion)
6) Romantic Love (Intimacy+Passion)
7) Consummate Love (Commitment+Intimacy+Passion)

37
Q

What are the three stages of moral reasoning according to Kohlberg?

A

Preconventional reasoning, conventional reasoning, and postconventional reasoning.

38
Q

What are the 6 stages in Kohlberg’s theory?

A

1) Punishment and orientation
2) Individualism, Instrumental Purpose, and Exchange
3) Mutual Interpersonal Expectations, Relationships, and Interpersonal relationships
4) Social System and Conscience (Law and Order)
5) Social Contract or Utility and Individual Rights
6) Universal Ethical beliefs and values

39
Q

According to Erickson, what is the crisis of adolescence?

A

Identity vs role confusion: Fidelity; a unified and consistent sense of self that integrates pubertal changes into a mature sexual identity, assumes adult social and occupational roles, and establishes personal values and attitudes

40
Q

What is the main crisis of early adulthood?

A

Intimacy vs isolation: Love; person develops intimate relationships beyond adolescent love, many become parents

41
Q

Which crisis begins in middle adulthood and persists until old age?

A

Generativity vs stagnation: Care; people rear children, focus on occupational achievement or creativity, and train the next generation, turn outward from the self toward others

42
Q

Describe the evolution of teen peer groups.

A

Teens start off in smaller groups called cliques (4-6 strongly attached people) but these cliques combine together to form bigger groups composed of boys and girls called crowds. Crowds are often referred to based on reputation (ex: nerds, jocks, burnouts)

43
Q

What is the function of peer groups?

A

Provide a group that shares the same values, attitudes, behaviours, and identity status one can relate with and shape identity development.

44
Q

Describe adolescents’ relationships with parents.

A

Increase in the amount of conflicts, but attachment to parents still remains strong. Parenting styles as well as the family structure also affect teen self-concept and attitude

45
Q

How do young adults choose their friends?

A

They choose people who are similar to them in education, social class, interests, family background, or family life-cycle stage.

46
Q

Describe adult frienships

A

More cross-sex friendships than childhood and adolescence but many more same-sex friendships, same age group, based on mutual openness and personal disclosure

47
Q

What two important thinking features do adolescents develop in Piaget’s formal operational stage?

A

1) Systematic problem-solving: process of finding a solution to a problem by testing single factors
2) Hypothetico-deductive reasoning: the ability to derive conclusions from hypothetical premises

Developmental Psychology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions