Test 4 Flashcards
1
Q
Agnosia
A
Loss of ability to recognize objects, or a particular sensory system; may be visual, auditory or tactile
2
Q
Ataxia
A
Inability to coordinate muscle movements, resulting in difficulty and walking talking and performing self-care activities
3
Q
Autonomic nervous system
A
Division of the nervous system that regulates the involuntary body functions
4
Q
Axon
A
Portion of the neuron that conducts impulses away from the cell body
5
Q
Babinski reflex
A
A reflex action of the toes; in adults is indicative of abnormalities in the motor control pathway leading from the cerebral cortex
6
Q
Clonus
A
Abnormal movement marked by alternating contraction and relaxation of a muscle occurring in rapid succession
7
Q
Delirium
A
An acute confused state that begins with disorientation, and if not recognized and treated early, can progressed to changes in level of consciousness, irreversible brain damage, and sometimes death
8
Q
Dendrite
A
Portion of the neuron that conducts impulses towards the cell body
9
Q
Flaccidity
A
Displaying lack of muscle tone; limp floppy
10
Q
Parasympathetic nervous system
A
Division of the auto Tomic nervous system active primarily during non-stressful conditions, controlling, mostly visceral functions
11
Q
Position sense
A
Awareness of position of parts of the body without looking at them
12
Q
Reflex
A
An automatic response to stimuli
13
Q
Rigidity
A
Increase in muscle tone at rest, characterized by increased resistance to passive stretch
14
Q
Romberg test
A
Test for cerebellar dysfunction that can be done with the patient seated or standing; inability to maintain position for 20 seconds is a positive test
15
Q
Spasticity
A
Sustained increase in tension of a muscle, when it is, passively lengthened, or stretched
16
Q
Sympathetic nervous system
A
Division of the automatic nervous system, with predominantly, excitatory responses; the flight or fight system
17
Q
Vertigo
A
Illusion of movement, in which the individual are, the surroundings are sensed as moving
18
Q
Akinetic mutism
A
Unresponsiveness to the environment; the patient makes no movement or sound, but sometimes opens the eyes
19
Q
Altered level of consciousness
A
When a patient is not oriented, does not follow commands or needs persistent stimuli to achieve a state of alertness
20
Q
Brain death
A
Irreversible loss of all functional Pantaya brain, including the brain stem 
21
Q
Coma
A
Prolonged state of unconsciousness
22
Q
Craniectomy
A
A surgical procedure, that involves removal of a portion of the skull
23
Q
Craniotomy
A
A surgical procedure that involves entry into the cranial vault
24
Q
Cushing’s response
A
The brains attempt to restore blood flow by increasing arterial pressure to overcoming increased, intercranial pressure; Cushing’s reflex
25
Decerebration
An abnormal body posture associated with severe brain injury, characterized by extreme extension of the upper and lower extremities
26
Decortication
An abnormal body posture associated with severe brain injury, characterized by abnormal flexation of the upper extremities and extension of the lower extremities
27
Delirium
An acute confused state that begins with disorientation, and if not recognized and treated early, can progress to changes in level of consciousness, irreversible brain damage, and sometimes death
28
Dementia
Broad term for a syndrome characterized by a general decline in higher brain functioning, such as reasoning, with a pattern of eventual, decline in the ability to perform even basic activities of daily living, such as toileting and eating
29
Epilepsy
At least two unprovoked seizures occurring more than 24 hours apart
30
Herniation
Abnormal protrusion of tissue through a defect or natural opening
31
Intercranial pressure, ICP
Pressure exerted by the volume of the intercranial contents within the cranial vault
32
Locked in syndrome
Condition, resulting from a lesion in the ponds in which the patient lacks all distal motor activity, but cognition is intact
33
Migraine
A severe unrelenting headache, often accompanied by symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, and visual disturbances
34
Minimally conscious state
A state in which the patient demonstrates awareness, but cannot communicate thoughts or feelings
35
Monro-Kellie hypothesis
Theory that states that due to limited space for expansion within the skull, an increase in any one of the cranial contents brain tissue blood or cerebral spinal fluid, causes a change in the volume of the others
36
Persistent, vegetative state
Condition in which the patient is wakeful, but devoid of conscious Contant, without cognitive or affective mental function
37
Primary headache
Headache, for which no specific organic cause can be found
38
Pseudobulbar affect
Emotional disturbance characterized by uncontrollable episodes of crying or laughing or other emotional displays
39
Secondary headache
Headache identified as a symptom of another organic disorder; i.e. brain, tumor, hypertension
40
Seizures
Paroxysmal transient disturbance of the brain resulting from a discharge of abnormal electrical activity
41
Status epileptics 
Episode in which the patient experiences multiple seizures with no recovery time in between
42
Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy SUDEP 
Nontraumatic, non-drowning, unexpected, death of a patient with epilepsy
43
Transsphenoidal
Surgical approach to the pituitary via the sphenoid sinuses
44
Agnosia
Loss of ability to recognize objects through a particular sensory system; may be visual, auditory or tactile
45
Aneurysm
Awakening are bald, and an arterial wall
46
Aphasia
Inability to express oneself are to understand language
47
Apraxia
Inability to perform previously learned purposeful motor acts on a voluntary basis
48
Dysarthria
Defects of articulation, due to neurologic causes
49
Dysphasia
Difficulty swallowing
50
Expressive Aphasia 
Inability to express oneself; often associated with damage to the left frontal lobe area
51
Hemianopsia
Blindness of half the field of vision in one or both eyes
52
Hemiparesis
Weakness of one side of the body or part of it due to an injury in the motor area of the brain
53
Hemiplegia
Paralysis of one side of the body, or part of it due to an injury in the motor area of the brain
54
Infarction
Tissue necrosis in an area deprived of blood supply
55
Penumbra Region
Area of low cerebral blood flow
56
Receptive aphasia
Inability to understand what someone else is saying, often associated with damage to the temporal lobe area
57
Autonomic dysreflexia
A life-threatening emergency in patients with spinal cord injury that causes a hypertensive emergency
58
Complete spinal cord lesion
A condition that involves total loss of sensation in voluntary muscle control below the lesion
59
Concussion
A temporary loss of neurologic function with no apparent structural damage to the brain
60
Contusion
Bruising of the brain surface
61
Incomplete spinal cord lesion
A condition in which there is preservation of the sensory or motor fibers are both below, the lesion 
62
Neurogenic bladder
Bladder dysfunction that results from a disorder or dysfunction of the nervous system; may result in either urinary retention or bladder over activity
63
Paraplegia
Paralysis of the lower extremities with dusfunction of the bowel and bladder from a lesion in the thoracic, lumbar or sacral region of the spinal cord
64
Primary injury
Initial damage to the brain that results from the traumatic event
65
Secondary injury
An insult to the brain subsequent to the original traumatic event
66
Spinal cord injury, SCI
An injury to the spinal cord vertebral column, supporting soft tissue or intervertebral disc caused by trauma
67
Tetraplegia
Varying degrees of paralysis of both arms and legs, with dysfunction of bowel and bladder from a lesion of the cervical segments of the spinal cord; formally called quadriplegia
68
Transection
Severing of the spinal cord; transaction can be complete or incomplete
69
Traumatic brain injury
An injury to the scholar brain that is severe enough to interfere with normal functioning
70
Traumatic brain injury closed
Occurs when the head accelerates, and then rapidly decelerates or collides with another object and brain tissue is damaged, but there is no opening through the skull and dura
71
Traumatic brain injury open
Occurs when an object penetrates, the skull enters the brain and damages. The soft brain tissue and its path are when blunt trauma to the head is so severe that it opens the scalp, Skal and Dura to expose the brain.
72
Adherence
The process of faithfully following guidelines or directions
73
Community
And interacting population of individuals living together within a larger society
74
Feedback
The return of information given to a person
75
Health education
Various learning experiences designed to promote behaviors that facilitate health
76
Health literacy
Capability of a person to obtain communicate process and understand, essential health information for the purpose of securing healthcare services and for making healthcare decisions
77
Health promotion
Activities that assist people in developing resources to maintain earn hands well-being, and improve quality of life
78
Learning
The act of acquiring knowledge, attitudes, or skills
79
Learning readiness
The optimum time for learning to occur; usually corresponds to the learners, perceived need and desire to obtain specific knowledge
80
Nutrition
The science that deals with food and nourishment in humans
81
Physical fitness
The condition of being physically healthy as a result of proper exercise and nutrition
82
Self responsibility
Personal accountability, for one’s actions or behavior
83
Stress management
Behaviors and techniques used to strengthen a persons resources against stress
84
Teaching
Helping another person learn
85
Therapeutic regimen
A routine that promotes health and healing
86
Acute kidney injury
Rapid loss of renal function due to damage to the kidneys; formally called acute renal failure
87
Acute nephrotic syndrome
Type of kidney disease with glomerular inflammation
88
Acute tubular Syndrome
A type of kidney injury in which there is damage to the kidney tubules
89
Anuria
Total urine output of less than 50 mL in 24 hours
90
Atreriovenou fistula
A type of vascular access for dialysis, which is created by surgically, connecting an artery to a vein
91
Ateriovenous graft
Type of surgically, created vascular access for dialysis by which a piece of biologic, semi biologic or synthetic graft material, connects the patient’s artery to a vein
92
Azotemia
Abnormal concentration of nitrogenous waste products in the blood
93
Chronic kidney disease
Kidney damage or a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate lasting for three or more months
94
Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
Method of peritoneal dialysis, whereby a patient manually performs a prescribed number of exchanges or cycles throughout the day
95
Continuous cyclic peritoneal dialysis
Method of peritoneal dialysis in which a peritoneal dialysis machine automatically performs exchanges usually while the patient sleeps
96
Dialysate
The electrolyte solution that circulates through the dialyzer in hemodialysis, and through the peritoneal membrane and peritoneal dialysis
97
Dialyzer
Artificial kidney contains a semi permeable membrane through which particles of a certain size can pass
98
Diffusion
Movement of solutes from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
99
Effluent 
Term used to describe the drain fluid from a peritoneal dialysis exchange
100
End stage kidney disease
Final stage of chronic kidney disease that results in retention of uremic waste products, and they need for renal replacement therapy; formally called end-stage renal disease
101
Exchange
Denote a complete cycle, including fill, dwell and drain phases of peritoneal dialysis
102
Glomerular filtration rate
Amount of plasma filter through the glomeruli per unit of time
103
Glomerulonephritis
Inflammation of the glomerular capillaries
104
Hemodialysis
Procedure, during which the patient’s blood is circulated through a dialyzer to remove waste products and excess fluid
105
Interstitial nephritis
Information within the renal tissue
106
Nephrosclerosis
Hardening of the renal arteries
107
Nephrotic syndrome
Type of kidney disease with increased glomerular permeability and massive proteinurea
108
Nephrotoxic
Any substance medication or action that is toxic to kidney tissue
109
Oliguria
Your an output less than 400 mL in 24 hours or less than 0.5 mL per kilogram per hour over six hours
110
Osmosis
Movement of water through a semi permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration
111
Peritoneal dialysis
Procedure that use the lining of the patients peritoneal cavity, the peritoneal membrane as a semipermeable membrane for exchange of fluid and solutes
112
Peritonitis
Inflammation of the peritoneum membrane
113
Polyuria
Excessive urine production
114
Ultra filtration
Process where by Waters removed from the blood by means of a pressure gradient between the patient’s blood and the dialysate
115
Uremia
An excess of urea and other nitrogenous waste in the blood
116
Urinary casts
Proteins secreted by damage kidney tubules
117
Cell cycle
Lifecycle of a cell, which includes the phases G0, G1, S, G2 and M; during the M phase, the cell divides into two identical, daughter cells
118
Cell membrane
Lipoproteins structure that separates the interior of a cell from the external environment; regulates what can enter and leave a cell
119
Cytoplasm
Lies within the cell membrane; contains organelles for producing proteins energy and so on
120
Diffusion
Movement of solute Sherman area of high concentration to an area of low concentration across a concentration gradient
121
Endocytosis
The process of engulfing substances, and moving them into a cell by extending the cell membrane around the substance; pinocytosis and phagocytosis are two kinds of endocytosis
122
Endoplasmic reticulum
Fine network of interconnected channels, known as cisternae , found in the cytoplasm; site of chemical reactions within the cell
123
Exocytosis
Removal of substances from a cell by pushing them through the cell membrane
124
Genes
Sequences of DNA that contain basic cell functions and allow for cell division
125
Golgi apparatus
A series of flattened sacs in the cytoplasm to prepare hormones or other substances for secretion, and may produce lysosomes zones and store other synthesized proteins
126
Histocompatibility antigens
Proteins found on the surface of the cell membrane; they are determined by the genetic code and provides cellular identity as a self cell
127
Lipoprotein
Structure, composed of proteins and lipids; the bipolar arrangement of the lipids monitors substances passing in and out of the cell
128
Lysosomes 
Encapsulator digestive enzymes found within a cell; they did just old or damaged areas of the cell, and I responsible for destroying the cell when the membrane ruptures and the cell dies
129
Mitochondria
Right shaped organize the produce energy within the cell in the form of adenosine triphosphate, ATP
130
Mitosis
Cell division resulting into identical, daughter cells
131
Nucleus
The part of the cell that contains the DNA and genetic material; regulate cellular protein production and cellular properties
132
Organelles
Distinct structures found within the cell cytoplasm
133
Osmosis
Movement of water from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration in an attempt to equalize the concentrations
134
Ribosomes
Membranous structures that are sites of protein production within a cell
135
Bactericidal
Substance that causes the death of bacteria, usually by interfering with cell membrane, stability, or with proteins or enzymes necessary to maintain the cellular integrity of bacteria
136
Bacteriostatic
Substance that prevents the replication of bacteria, usually by interfering with proteins or enzyme systems necessary for reproduction of the bacteria
137
Culture
Sample of bacteria to be grown in a laboratory to determine the species of bacteria that causes an infection
138
Prophylaxis 
Treatment to prevent an infection before it occurs as in the use of antibiotics to prevent bacterial endocarditis and high-risk patients are antiprotozoals to prevent malaria
139
Resistance
Ability of pathogens overtime to adapt to an anti-infective to produce cells that are no longer affected by a particular drug
140
Selective toxicity 
The ability to affect certain proteins or enzyme systems that are used by the infecting organism, but not by human cells
141
Sensitivity testing
Evaluation of pathogens obtained in a culture to determine the anti-infectives to which the organisms are sensitive, and to which agent would be appropriate for treatment of a particular infection
142
Spectrum
Range of bacteria against which an antibiotic is effective
143
Super infection
Infections that occur when opportunistic pathogen’s that were kept in check by the normal bacteria, have the opportunity to invade tissues and cause infections, because the normal flora bacteria have been destroyed by antibiotic therapy
144
Aldosterone
Hormone produced by the adrenal gland, causes the distal to be able to retain sodium and therefore water while losing potassium into the year in
145
Antidiuretic hormone, ADH
Hormone produced by the hypothalamus, and stored in the posterior pituitary gland; important in maintaining fluid balance; causes the distal tubule’s and collecting ducts of the kidney to become permeable to water leading to an anti-diuretic affect and fluid retention
146
Carbonic anhydrase
A catalyst that speeds up the chemical reaction, combining water and carbon dioxide, which react to form carbonic acid, and immediately dissociate to form sodium bicarbonate and a free hydrogen ion
147
Countercurrent mechanism
Process used by medullary nephrons to concentrate or dilute the urine in response to body stimuli to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance
148
Filtration
Passage of fluid and small components of the blood through the glomerulus into the nephron tubule
149
Glomerulus
The tuft of blood vessel between the afferent and efferent arterioles in the nephron; the fenestrated membrane of the glomerulus allows filtration of fluid from the blood into the nephron tibia
150
Nephron
 Functional unit of the kidney composed of Bowman capsule the proximal and distal convoluted tubule’s and collecting duct
151
Prostate gland
Gland located around the male urethra; responsible for producing an acidic fluid that maintain sperm and lubricates the urinary tract
152
Reabsorption
The movement of substances from the renal Tubule back into the vascular system
153
Renin angiotensin aldosterone system
Coppin sorry process that leads to increased blood pressure and blood volume to ensure perfusion of the kidneys; important in the continual regulation of blood pressure
154
Secretion
Active movement of substances from the blood into the renal tubule for excretion
155
Alkalosis
State of not having enough acid to maintain normal homeostatic processes
156
Edema
Movement of fluid into the interstitial spaces; occurs when the balance between osmotic pull (From plasma proteins )and hydrostatic push (From blood pressure ) is unbalanced
157
Fluid rebound
Reflux action of the body to the loss of fluid or sodium; the hypothalamus causes the release of antidiuretic hormone, which promotes water retention and stress related to fluid loss, combines with decreased blood flow to the kidneys to activate the renin angiotensin aldosterone system leading to further water and sodium retention
158
High ceiling diuretics
Powerful diuretics that work in the loop of Henley, to inhibit the reabsorption of sodium and chloride leading to a sodium rich diuresis
159
Hyperaldosteronism
Excessive output of aldosterone from the adrenal gland, leading to increased sodium and water, retention and loss of potassium
160
Hypokalemia
Low potassium in the blood, Which often occurs after diarrhetic use; characterized by weakness, muscle cramps, trembling, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and cardiac arrhythmias 
161
Osmotic pull
Driving force of large molecules on water pulling it into a tube y’all are capillary essential for maintaining normal fluid balance within the body; used to draw out excess fluid into the vascular system or the renal tubule
162
Neurocognitive disorders
Those in which a clinically significant deficit in cognition or memory exists, representing a significant change from a previous level of functioning
163
Core concept delirium
Dilemma the mental state characterized by an acute disturbance of cognition, which is manifested by short term, confusion, excitement, disorientation, and a clouded consciousness. Hallucinations and delusions are common.
164
Delirium
Disturbance and attention and awareness and a change in cognition that developed rapidly over a short. Period.
165
Core concept neurocognitive
A term that is used to describe cognitive functions, closely linked to particular areas of the brain that have to do with thinking, reasoning, memory, learning, and speaking
166
Core concept, dementia major neurocognitive disorder
Dementia is a general term for the impaired ability to remember think, or make decisions that is severe enough to interfere with social, behavioral, occupational and emotional functioning. Several different disease processes can cumulate in dementia. Unlike delirium, the progression of cognitive decline occurs slowly over time. In some cases dementia may be reversible.
167
Apraxia
Inability to carry out purposeful motor activities, despite intact, motor function, and the ability to use objects properly may develop
168
Sundowning
Symptoms seem to worsen in the late afternoon and evening
169
Pseudodementia
Depression
170
Core concepts sex
A person sex is one of two categories, male, or female, that is assigned at birth, based on the appearance of external genitalia
171
Core concept of gender
Gender is one sense of oneself as either male or female, or other gendered
172
Core concept sexuality
Sexuality is the continuation in life of an individual relative to characteristics regarding intimacy. It reflects a totalitarian of the person and does not relate exclusively to the sex organs or sexual behavior.
173
Cisgender
Personal identity that is the same as the biologically assigned gender at birth
174
Transgender
Individuals experience inconsistencies against between their biological/assigned sex and their gender identity
175
Exhibitionism
Recurrent and intense sexual arousal from the exposure of one’s genitals to a non-consenting individual
176
Fetishism
Erotic stimulation, or sexually arousing fantasies involving contact with nonliving objects, such as an article of dress or braid of hair
177
Frottereurism
Recurrent intense sexual arousal from touching and rubbing against a non-consenting person
178
Pedophilia
I’m going sexual attraction to prepubescent early pubescent children. The age of the molester is at least 16 years and at least five years older than the child.
179
Sexual masochism
Intense sexual arousal from thoughts or activities in which the individual is being sexually humiliated, or otherwise made to suffer
180
Sexual sadism
Sexual arousal from producing humiliation or harm in another individual
181
Transvestic disorder
Dressing in clothing associated with the opposite gender
182
Voyeurism
Sexual arousal from watching an unsuspecting person who is disrobing, naked or engaging in sexual activity
183
Anorgasmia
Failure to experience orgasm
184
Delayed ejaculation
Delay or absence of ejaculation, despite sexual arousal and stimulation, and the condition has lasted for at least six months and causes the individual significant distress
185
Premature ejaculation
Jack elation that occurs very shortly after the onset of sexual excitement which may include ejaculation before intercourse begins, or less than one minute after beginning
186
Intellectual, developmental disorder, intellectual disability
Disorder with Onset during the developmental. That includes both intellectual and adaptive functioning deficits, and conceptual, social and practical domains.
187
Core concept, autism, spectrum disorder
A heterogeneous group of Neuro developmental symptoms, characterized by a wide range of social difficulties, communication impairments, and restricted and repetitive behaviors
188
Core concept, hyper activity
Excessive psychomotor activity that may be purposeful or aimless, accompanied by physical movements and verbal utterances that are usually more rapid than normal. Inattention and distractibility, or comment with hyperactive behavior.
189
Attention deficit, hyperactivity disorder, ADHD 
And attention and or hyperactivity and impulsivity
190
Core concept impulsivity
The trait of acting without reflection, and without thought to the consequences of their behavior. an abrupt inclination to act; and the inability to resist acting; uncertain, behavioral urges.
191
Oppositional, defiant disorder
Characterized by frequent and persistent pattern of angry mood and defiant behavior that occurs more frequently than as usually observed in individuals of comparable age and developmental level and interferes with social educational, occupational or other important areas of functioning
192
Conduct disorder
There is a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others are major age-appropriate, social norms or rules are violated
193
Core concepts of temperament
Personality characteristics that define an individuals mood and behavioral tendencies. The sum of physical, emotional and intellectual components that affect or determine a persons, actions and reactions.
194
Separation anxiety disorder
Characterized by excessive fear, or anxiety concerning separation from those to him the individual is attached
195
Gerontology
The study of the aging process
196
Geriatrics
The branch of clinical medicine specializing in problems of older adults
197
Geropsychiatry
Branch of clinical medicine, specializing in psychopathology of the older population
198
Disengagement theory
Process of withdrawal by older adults from societal roles and responsibilities
199
Elder abuse
The psychological, physical or financial abuse are intentional or unintentional neglect of an older adult
200
Core concept abuse
The mouth treatment of one person by another
201
Adverse childhood experiences
Such as abuse and neglect, and have a major impact on health and well-being throughout one’s life
202
Child abuse
Includes physical or sexual abuse, psychological Maltreatment and neglect
203
Battering 
A pattern of coercive control, founded on and supported by physical and/or sexual violence or threat of violence of an intimate partner
204
Cycle of battering
Phase 1 tension building phase
Triggering event
Phase 2 acute battering incident
Face three honeymoon phase 
205
Emotional abuse
Pattern of behavior on part of the parent or caregiver that result in serious impairment of the child’s social, emotional or intellectual functioning
206
Core concept, physical neglect
Include refusal or delay in seeking healthcare abandonment, expulsion from the home or refusal to allow a runaway to return home, and an adequate supervision
207
Emotional neglect
Refers to a chronic failure by the parent or caretaker to provide the child with the hope love and support necessary for the development of a sound healthy personality
208
Sexual exploitation of a child
A child is induced or coerced into engaging and sexually explicit conduct for the purpose of promoting any performance and child sexual abuse in which a child is being used for sexual pleasure of an adult or any other person
209
Core concept incest
Sexual contact, or sexual exploitation of close relatives are participants were related to each other by kinship bond, that it is regarded as a prohibition to sexual relations
210
Sexual assault
Any type of sexual act in which an individual is threatened or coerced to submit against their will
211
Core concept, rape
The expression of power and dominance by means of sexual violence, most commonly by men over women, although men may also be rape victims
212
Acquaintance, rape
Apply to situation in which the rapist is acquainted with the victim
213
Marital rape
Case in which a spouse may be held liable for sexual abuse, directed at a marital partner against that person as well
214
Statutory rape
Unlawful intercourse between a person who is over the age of consent with a person who is under the age of consent
215
Forensic nursing
Specialized nursing role in which nurses apply their skills to the care of valuation, and advocacy for victims of crime and a variety of settings, including primary care, facilities, hospitals, and correctional institutions
216
Safe houses are shelters
We’re victims can resign temporary early in an environment that assures physical protection for them and their children and resources for emotional healing
217
Acetylcholinesterase
Enzyme responsible for the immediate breakdown of acetylcholine when released from the nerve ending; prevents overstimulation of cholinergic receptor sites
218
Alzheimer’s disease
Degenerative disease of the cortex with loss of acetylcholine producing cells and cholinergic receptors; characterized by progressive dementia
219
Cholinergic Agonist 
Responding to acetylcholines; refers to receptor sites stimulated by acetylcholine, as well as neurons that release acetylcholine
220
Miosis
Constriction of the people; relieves, intraocular pressure and some types of glaucoma
221
Myasthenia gravis
Autoimmune disease characterized by antibodies to cholinergic receptor sites, leading to destruction of the receptor sites and decreased response at the neuromuscular junction; it is progressive and debilitating leading to paralysis
222
Nerve gas
Irreversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used in warfare to cause paralysis and death by prolonged muscle contraction and parasympathetic crisis
223
Parasympathomimetic
Mimicking the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system leading to bradycardia, hypotension, pupil, constriction, increased gastrointestinal, secretions and activity increased bladder tone, relaxation of sphincters and bronchoconstriction
224
Antipsychotic
Drug used to treat disorders involving thought processes; dopamine, receptor blocker that helps effective people to organize their thoughts and respond appropriately to stimuli
225
Attention deficit disorder
Behavioral syndrome characterized by an inability to concentrate for longer than a few minutes and excessive activity
226
Bipolar disorder
Behavior disorder that involves extremes of depression, alternating with hyperactivity and excitement
227
Major tranquilizer
Former name of antipsychotic drugs; the name is no longer used, because it implies that the primary effect of these drugs of sedation, which is no longer thought to be the desired therapeutic action
228
Mania
State of hyperexcitability; one phase of bipolar disorders, which alternate between periods of severe depression, and mania
229
Narcolepsy
Mental disorder, characterized by daytime, sleepiness, and periods of sudden loss of wakefulness
230
Neuroleptic
A drug with many associated neurological adverse effects that is used to treat disorders that involve thought processes, i.e. schizophrenia
231
Schizophrenia
The most common type of psychosis; characteristics include hallucinations and paranoia, delusions, speech, abnormalities, and affective problems
232
Anti-venom
Antitoxin manufactured from venom a poisonous snakes to assist the patient’s immune system response to envenomation
233
Carboxyhemoglobin
Hemoglobin that is bound to carbon monoxide, and therefore unable to bind with oxygen resulting in hypoxemia
234
Corrosive poison
Alkaline or acidic agent; causes tissue destruction after contact
235
Criocthyroidotomy
Surgical opening of the criocthyroid Membrane to obtain an airway that is maintained with a tracheotomy or endotracheal tube 
236
Envenomation
Injection of poisonous material by sting, spine bite, or other means
237
Faciotomy
Surgical incision of the extremity to the level of the fascia to relieve pressure and restore neurovascular function to the extremity
238
Multiple trauma
Trauma caused by a single catastrophic event that causes life-threatening injuries to at least two distinct organs or organ systems
239
Primary survey
An assessment of the patient triage in the emergency are resuscitation category that focuses on stabilizing life-threatening conditions; Uses the Monadnock, ABC DE, which stands for airway, breathing and circulation, disability and exposure 
240
Rhabdomyolysis
A toxic syndrome caused by widespread injury to Scattle muscle, resulting in myoglobinuria and acute kidney injury
241
Secondary survey
An assessment of the patient triage to the emergent or recitation category that commences after the primary survey is completed and life-threatening, insults and dressed; includes obtaining vital signs, complaining of head to toe examination and obtaining the patient’s partner at medical surgical history, including the history of the current event
242
Sentinel event
An unanticipated about that results in patient Harm
243
ITriage
Process of assessing patients to determine management priorities
244
Biologic weapon
Biologic agent that is used to spread disease among the general population or the military
245
Chemical weapon
The chemical agent that is used to cause, disability and mortality in the general population or the military
246
Decontamination
Process of removing or rendering harmless contaminants that have accumulated on personnel, patients and equipment
247
Disaster
A sudden disruption or event that iminterrupts the functioning of a community
248
Disaster Nursing
Adaption of nursing knowledge and skills to recognize and meet the health needs of individuals during times of crisis
249
Epidemic
Widespread outbreak of specific infectious diseases from a single source within a community or population that exceeds anticipated levels of impact
250
Mass casualty incident
Situation in which the number of casualties exceeds the number of available resources
251
Material safety, data sheet
Provides information to employees and healthcare providers regarding specific chemical agents; includes chemical name, physical data, chemical ingredients, fire and explosive has her De De health and reactive. De De spell our league procedures, special protection, information, and special precautions.
252
Natural disaster
A natural events such as a tornado hurricane flood earthquake that result in significant damage and loss of life
253
Outbreak
The occurrence of a disease within a population that exceeds normal expectations
254
Pandemic
An epidemic that spreads across multiple countries or continents
255
Personal protective equipment
Equipment beyond standard precautions; may include different levels of equipment to provide complete protection, depending on the nature of the suspected, biologic, chemical, or radiologic agent
256
Radiologic weapon
Byproducts of radiation contamination that are used to cause morbidity and mortality in the general population or the military
257
Terrorism
Unlawful, systematic use of violence or threats of violence against people, in order to coerce or intimidate
258
Weapons of mass destruction
Weapons used to cause widespread death and destruction
