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Nur202 Test 1 > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Histamine two receptors

A

Sites near the Parietal cells of the stomach, that when stimulated cause the release of hydrochloric acid into the lumen of the stomach; also found near cardiac cells

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2
Q

Hydrochloric acid

A

Acid released by the Parietal cells of the stomach in response to gastrin release, or parasympathetic stimulation; makes the stomach contents more acidic to a digestion and breakdown of food products

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3
Q

Local gastrointestinal reflux

A

Reflex response to various stimuli that allows the G.I. tract, local control of it secretions and movement, based on the contents or activity of the whole G.I. system 

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4
Q

Nerve plexus 

A

Network of nerve fibers, running through the wall of the G.I. tract that allows local reflexes and control

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5
Q

Pancreatic enzymes

A

Digestive enzymes, secreted by the exocrine, pancreas, including pancreatin, and pancrelipase, which are needed for the proper digestion of fats and proteins and carbohydrates

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6
Q

Peristalsis

A

Type of G.I. movement that moves of food, bolus forward; characterized by a progressive wave of muscle contraction

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7
Q

Saliva

A

Fluid produced by the Salivary glands in the mouth in response to tactile stimuli and cerebral stimulation; contains enzymes to begin digestion, as well as water, and mucus to make the food, bolus, slippery and easier to swallow

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8
Q

Segmentation

A

G.I. movement characterized by contraction of one segment of the small intestine. While the next segment is relaxed; the contracted segment, then relaxes and the relaxed contracts; exposes the time to avast surface area to increase absorption.

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9
Q

Swallowing

A

Complex reflex response to a ball is in the back of the throat; allows passage of the bolus into the esophagus and movement of ingested contents into the G.I. tract

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10
Q

Vomiting

A

Complex reflex mediated through the medulla after stimulation of the Chromeo receptor trigger zone; protective reflex to remove, possibly toxic substances from the stomach

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11
Q

Amylase

A

Pancreatic enzyme; aids in the digestion of carbohydrates

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12
Q

Cholecystectomy 

A

Removal of the gallbladder

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13
Q

Cholecystitis

A

Inflammation of the gallbladder, which can be a cute or chronic

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14
Q

Cholecystojejunostomy

A

Anastomosis of the jejunum to the gallbladder to divert bile flow

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15
Q

Cholecystokinin

A

Hormone ; major stimulus for digestive enzyme, secretion; stimulates contraction of the gallbladder

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16
Q

Cholecystostomy

A

Surgical opening and drainage of the gallbladder

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17
Q

Choledochostomy

A

Opening into the common bile duct

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18
Q

Choledocholithiasis

A

Stones in the common bile duct

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19
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

Calculi in the gallbladder

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20
Q

Dissolution therapy

A

The use of medication’s to break up/dissolve, gall stones

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21
Q

Endocrine

A

Secreting internally; hormonal secretion of a ductless gland

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22
Q

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ERCP 

A

Procedure, using fiber optic technology to visualize the bilbiary system

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23
Q

Endoscopic ultrasound EUS

A

Invasive procedure, using an ultrasound probe at the end of an endoscope to detect cholelithiasis And to decompress the gallbladder in the setting of acute cholecystitis

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24
Q

Exocrine

A

Secreting, externally; hormonal secretion from excretory ducts

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25
Lipase
Pancreatic enzyme; aids in the digestion of fats
26
Lithotripsy
Disintegration of gall stones by shockwaves
27
Pancreatitis
Inflammation of the pancreas; may be acute or chronic
28
Secretin
Hormone responsible for stimulating, bicarbonate, secretion from the pancreas; also used as an aid in diagnosing pancreatic exocrine disease
29
Steatorrhea
Frothy foul smelling stools with a high fat content; results from impaired digestion of proteins and fats, due to a lack of pancreatic juice in the intestine
30
Trypsin
Pancreatic enzymes; aids in the digestion of proteins
31
Zollinger Ellison syndrome
Hyper secretion of gastric acid that produces peptic ulcer is as a result of non-beta cell tumor of the pancreatic islets
32
Adnexa
The fallopian tubes and ovaries
33
Amenorrhea
Absence of menstrual flow
34
Cervix
Bottom part of the uterus that is located in the vagina
35
Corpus luteum
Site within a follicle that changes after ovulation
36
Cystocele
A bulge caused by the bladder protruding into the vagina
37
Dysmenorrhea
Painful menstruation
38
Dyspareunia
Difficult or painful penile vaginal intercourse
39
Endometrial Ablation 
Procedure performed through a hysteroscope in which the lining of the uterus is burned away or ablated to treat, abnormal uterine bleeding
40
Endometrium
Mucous membrane lining the uterus
41
Estrogens
Several hormones produced in the ovaries that develop and maintain the female reproductive system
42
Follicle-stimulating hormone, FSH
Hormone released by the pituitary gland to stimulate estrogen production in ovulation
43
Fornix
Upper part of the vagina
44
Fundus
The rounded upper portion of the uterus
45
Graafian Follicle
Cystic structure that develops on the ovary is ovulation begins
46
Hyman
Tissue that covers the vaginal opening, partly or completely before vaginal penetration
47
Hysteroscopy
An endoscopic procedure performed using a long telescope, like instrument, inserted through the cervix to diagnose urine problems
48
Introitus
Perineal opening to the vagina
49
Luteal phase 
Stage in the menstrual cycle, in which the endometrium becomes thicker and more vascular
50
Luteinizing hormone LH
Hormone released by the pituitary gland that stimulates progesterone production
51
Menarche 
Beginning of menstrual function
52
Menopause
Permanent cessation of menstruation resulting from the loss of ovarian follicular activity
53
Ministration
Slapping and discharge of the lining of the uterus, if conception does not take place
54
Ovaries
Almond shaped, reproductive organs that produce eggs at ovulation and play a major role in hormone production
55
Ovulation
Discharge of a mature ovum from the ovary
56
Perimenopause
The period around menopause
57
Progesterone
Hormone produced by the corpus Luteum, that prepares the uterus for receiving the fertilized ovum
58
Proliferative phase
Stage in the menstrual cycle before ovulation when the endometrium increases
59
Rectocele
Bulging of the rectum into the vagina
60
Secretory phase
Stage of the menstrual cycle in which the endometrium becomes thickened, becomes more vascular and ovulation occurs
61
Uterine prolapse
The service in the uterus descend into the lower vagina
62
Benge eating disorder BED
Recurrent episodes of eating significantly more than most people would eat in a similar circumstances, and these episodes occur, at least once a week for three months.
63
Obesity
A body mass index of 30 or greater
64
Core concepts anorexia
Prolonged loss of appetite
65
Core concept, body image
A subjective concept of one’s physical appearance, based on the personal perceptions of self, and the reactions of others
66
Anorexia nervosa AN
Characterized by a morbid fear of obesity. Symptoms include gross distortion of body, image, preoccupation with food and refusal to eat, leading to extremely low body weight.
67
Core concept bulimia
Excessive insatiable appetite
68
Bulimia nervosa 
Episodic, uncontrolled compulsive, rapid ingestion of large quantities of food up or short. Called binging, followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors to rid the body of the excess calories.
69
Purging
Self-induced, vomiting, or the miss use of laxative diuretics are in enemas
70
Core concept personality
Personality is the totality of emotional and behavioral characteristics that are particular to a specific person, and that remain somewhat stable and predictable over time
71
Paranoid, personality disorder
Defined as a pattern of pervasive mistrust and suspicion of others, and misinterpretation of others motives as malevolent
72
Schizoid, personality disorder
Characterized primarily by a profound defect in the ability to form personal relationships, and individuals with this disorder are often seen by others is eccentric, isolated aloof, or lonely
73
Schizotypal, personality disorder
Present with behavior that is odd and eccentric, but does not decompensate the level of schizophrenia
74
Antisocial, personality disorder
A pattern of socially irresponsible exploitive and guiltless behavior that reflects a general disregard for the rights of others
75
Borderline personality disorder
Characterized by a pattern of intense and chaotic relationships with affective instability and fluctuating attitudes toward other people
76
Histrionic, personality disorder
Characterized by colorful, dramatic and extroverted behavior in excitable emotional people
77
Narcissistic personality disorder
Exaggerated sense of self worth
78
Avoidant, personality disorder
Extremely sensitive to rejection, and consequently may lead a very socially withdrawn life
79
Dependent personality disorder
Characterized by lack of self-confidence and extreme reliance on others, sometimes to the point of intense discomfort with being alone, even for a brief. Period
80
Obsessive, compulsive, personality disorder
Very serious informal and have difficulty expressing emotions. They are overly disciplined, perfectionistic and preoccupied with rules
81
Ataxia
Impaired coordination of movement during voluntary movement
82
Diplopia
The awareness of two images of the same object occurring in one or both eyes
83
Dysphasia
Difficulty swallowing
84
Dysphonia
Voice impairment, or altered voice production
85
Hemiparesis
Weakness of one side of the body or part of it due to an injury in the motor area of the brain
86
Hemi plegia
Paralysis of one side of the body, or part of it due to an injury in the motor area of the brain
87
Neuropathy
General term indicating a disorder of the nervous system
88
Paresthesia
Numbness, tingling, or pins and needles sensation
89
Prion
A pathogen smaller than a virus that is resistant to standard sterilization procedures
90
Ptosis
Drooping of the eyelids
91
Spasticity
Muscular hypertonicity with increased resistance, distraction, often associated with weakness, increased deep tendon reflexes, and diminished superficial reflexes
92
Bradykinesia
Abnormally, slow, voluntary movements and speech
93
Chorea
Rapid jerky, involuntary purposeless movement of the extremities or facial muscles, including facial, grimacing
94
Dementia
Broad term for syndrome, characterized by general decline and higher brain functioning, such as reasoning, with a pattern of eventual, decline in ability to perform even basic activities of daily living, such as toileting and eating
95
Dyskinesia
Impaired ability to execute voluntary movements
96
Dysphonia
Voice impairment, or altered voice production
97
Neurodegenerative
Deterioration of cells or function of the nervous system
98
Papilledema
Edema of the optic nerve, usually due to increased intercranial pressure
99
Paresthesia
Numbness, tingling, or pins and needles sensation
100
Sciatica
Pain and tenderness that radiates along the sciatic nerve that runs through the thigh and leg
101
Spondylosis
Degenerative changes occurring in a disk and adjacent vertebral bodies; can occur in the cervical or lumbar vertebrae
102
Acetylcholinesterase
Enzyme responsible for immediate breakdown of acetylcholine when released from the nerve endings; prevents overstimulation of cholinergic receptor sites
103
Alzheimer’s disease
Degenerative disease of the cortex with loss of acetylcholine producing cells, and cholinergic receptors; characterized by progressive dementia
104
Cholinergic agonists 
Responding to acetylcholines; refers to receptor site, stimulated by acetyl choline, as well as neurons that release acetylcholine
105
Miosis
Constriction of the pupil; relieves, intraocular pressure and some types of glaucoma
106
Myasthenia gravis
Auto immune disease characterized by antibodies to cholinergic Receptor sites leading to destruction of the receptor sites and decreased response at the neuromuscular junction; it is progressive and debilitating leading to paralysis 
107
Nerve gas
Irreversible acetylcholineesterase inhibitor used in warfare to cause paralysis and death by prolonged muscle contractions and parasympathetic crisis
108
Parasympathomimetic
Mimicking the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system leading to bradycardia, hypotension, pupil, constriction, increased gastrointestinal, secretions and activity increased bladder tone, relaxation of sphincter and bronchoconstriction
109
Acute hepatic failure
Sudden severe onset of acute liver failure that occurs within eight weeks after the first symptoms of jaundice
110
Ascites
 An albumin, rich fluid accumulation in the peritoneal cavity
111
Asterixis
Involuntary flapping movements of the hands
112
Cirrhosis
A chronic liver disease characterized by fibrotic changes the formation of dense connective tissue within the liver. Subsequent degenerative changes and loss of functioning cells
113
Constructional apraxia
Inability to draw figures and two or three dimensions
114
Endoscopic varicea ligation 
Procedure that uses a modified endoscope loaded with an elastic rubber band, passed through an overtube directly into the varices to be banded to ligate the area and stop bleeding
115
Fetor hepaticus
Sweet slightly fecal odor to the breath presumed to be of intestinal origin
116
Hepatic encephalopathy
Central nervous system Dysfunction frequently associated with elevated ammonia levels that produce changes in mental status, altered level of consciousness and coma
117
Jaundice
Condition where the body tissues, including the sclera, and the skin, because tensed, yellow or green, is yellow due to high bilirubin levels
118
Orthotopic liver, transplantation
Grafting of donor liver into the normal anatomic location with removal of the deceased native liver
119
Portal, hypertension
Elevated pressure in the portal, circulation, resulting from obstruction of Venus flow into and through the liver
120
Sclerotherapy
The injection of substances into or around esophagogastric varices to cause constriction, thickening and hardening of the vessel and stop bleeding

Nur202 Test 1 (5 decks)

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